The DOI matches its Crossref record; 180 of the 182 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
THE PIG AS A MODEL FOR HUMAN WOUND HEALING
Abstract
The medical literature describes numerous in vitro and in vivo wound-healing models. The selection of an animal model depends on a number of factors including availability, cost, ease of handling, investigator familiarity, and anatomical/functional similarity to humans. Small mammals are frequently used for wound healing studies, however, these mammals differ from humans in a number of anatomical and physiological ways. Anatomically and physiologically, pig skin is more similar to human skin. The many similarities between man and pig would lead one to believe that the pig should make an excellent animal model for human wound healing. The purpose of this paper is to review the existing literature for evidence of this supposition and determine how well the various models correlate to human wound healing. Studies of wound dressings, topical antimicrobials, and growth factors are examined. Over 180 articles were utilized for this comparative review. Our conclusion is that the porcine model is an excellent tool for the evaluation of therapeutic agents destined for use in human wounds.
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In the citing paper
“domestic pigs representing a relevant animal model with a skin highly similar in its architecture to the human skin [25,26].”
In the citing paper
“The subcutaneous adipose tissue of the swine has a similarly high elastic and collagen fiber content and the animals show a healing mechanism comparable to humans.26,27,29”
From Detailed Analysis of Insulin Absorption Variability and the Tissue Response to Continuous Subcutaneous Insulin Infusion Catheter Implantation in Swine (2017) · cites this paper as [29]
In the citing paper
“Like humans it has a thick epidermis (70–150 μm), sparse body hair, and a similar composition of the skin lipid layer.26,29”
From Detailed Analysis of Insulin Absorption Variability and the Tissue Response to Continuous Subcutaneous Insulin Infusion Catheter Implantation in Swine (2017) · cites this paper as [29]
In the citing paper
“Although the inflammatory response may be different from humans, the swine has been described as the most adequate model for human wound healing.26–29”
From Detailed Analysis of Insulin Absorption Variability and the Tissue Response to Continuous Subcutaneous Insulin Infusion Catheter Implantation in Swine (2017) · cites this paper as [29]
In the citing paper
“Pig skin was selected based on the many characteristics it shares with human skin, including similarities in the thickness of skin layers, the types and distribution of skin cells, and the mechanisms of skin repair (15–18).”
From Candida auris Forms High-Burden Biofilms in Skin Niche Conditions and on Porcine Skin (2020) · cites this paper as [17]
In the citing paper
“In light of the similarities to human skin, porcine skin serves as an excellent model for studies of wound healing, infection, and skin colonization (15–18, 25).”
From Candida auris Forms High-Burden Biofilms in Skin Niche Conditions and on Porcine Skin (2020) · cites this paper as [17]
Citations
Cites
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HINMAN, C. D., & Maïbach, H. I. (1963) · Nature · doi:10.1038/200377a0 · Cited by 716
Enhancement of Wound Healing by Topical Treatment with Epidermal Growth Factor
Brown, G. L., Nanney, L. B., Griffen, J., Cramer, A. B., Yancey, J. M., Curtsinger, L. J., Holtzin, L., Schultz, G. S., Jurkiewicz, M. J., & Lynch, J. B. (1989) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm198907133210203 · Cited by 682
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Cited by
Sorted by citations
Wound repair and regeneration: Mechanisms, signaling, and translation
Eming, S. A., Martin, P., & Tomic-Canic, M. (2014) · Science Translational Medicine · doi:10.1126/scitranslmed.3009337 · Cited by 3,562
Human skin wounds: A major and snowballing threat to public health and the economy
Sen, C. K., Gordillo, G. M., Roy, S., Kirsner, R., Lambert, L., Hunt, T. K., Gottrup, F., Gurtner, G. C., & Longaker, M. T. (2009) · Wound Repair and Regeneration · doi:10.1111/j.1524-475x.2009.00543.x · Cited by 2,965
Epithelialization in Wound Healing: A Comprehensive Review
Pastar, I., Stojadinović, O., Yin, N. C., Ramirez, H. A., Nusbaum, A. G., Sawaya, A. P., Patel, S. B., Khalid, L., Isseroff, R. R., & Tomic‐Canic, M. (2014) · Advances in Wound Care · doi:10.1089/wound.2013.0473 · Cited by 1,604
Calreticulin, a multi-process calcium-buffering chaperone of the endoplasmic reticulum
Michalak, M., Groenendyk, J., Szabo, E., Gold, L. I., & Opas, M. (2009) · Biochemical Journal · doi:10.1042/bj20081847 · Cited by 718
Jahromi, M. A. M., Zangabad, P. S., Basri, S. M. M., Zangabad, K. S., Ghamarypour, A., Aref, A. R., Karimi, M., & Hamblin, M. R. (2017) · Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.addr.2017.08.001 · Cited by 566
Metadata
- Authors
- Sullivan, T. P., Eaglstein, W. H., Davis, S. C., & Mertz, P.
- Affiliations
- University of Miami (US)
- Venue
- Wound Repair and Regeneration
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2001-03
- Volume
- 9
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 66-76
- ISSN
- 1067-1927 (ISSN-L)
- 1524-475X
- OpenAlex
- W2060049869
- Cited by
- 1,091
- References
- 182
- Citations by year
- 2026: 69 · 2025: 47 · 2024: 65 · 2023: 54 · 2022: 67 · 2021: 72 · 2020: 63 · 2019: 62 · 2018: 65 · 2017: 56 · 2016: 72 · 2015: 63 · 2014: 49 · 2013: 48 · 2012: 43
- FWCI
- 1.62
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Wound Repair and Regeneration (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Wound Healing and Treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine
- Health Sciences › Veterinary › Small Animals › Animal testing and alternatives
- Keywords
- porcine model, porcine skin, wound dressings, topical antimicrobial agents, growth factors, translational validity
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Anti-Infective Agents, Burns, Debridement, Epidermal Growth Factor, Epidermis, Growth Substances, Homeostasis, Humans, Occlusive Dressings, Skin, Swine, Wound Healing, Fibroblast Growth Factor 2, Models, Animal
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