Integrative Review of Physical Activity Intervention Research with Aging Adults
Abstract
This paper reviews randomized, controlled trials (RCTs) that have attempted to increase physical activity behavior by aging adults. A systematic review was necessary because numerous studies target older adults, and previous reviews have addressed a limited range of primary studies. Computerized database, ancestry, and extensive search strategies by authors of research reported in English between 1960 and 2000 located diverse intervention trials. RCTs reporting endurance physical activity or exercise behavioral outcomes for at least five subjects were included. Integrative review methods were used to summarize extant research. Forty‐two studies were retrieved. Seventeen RCTs with 6,391 subjects were reviewed. A wide variety of intervention strategies were reported. The most common interventions were self‐monitoring, general health education, goal setting, supervised center‐based exercise, problem solving, feedback, reinforcement, and relapse prevention education. Few studies individually adapted motivational interventions, used mediated intervention delivery, or integrated multiple theoretical frameworks into the intervention. Links between individual intervention components and effectiveness were not clear. Common methodological weaknesses included small samples, untested outcome measures, and time‐limited longitudinal designs. Significant numbers of aging adults increased their physical activity in response to experimental interventions. The amount of increased activity rarely equaled accepted behavior standards to achieve positive health outcomes. Further work is essential to identify successful strategies to increase activity by larger numbers of elders and to accelerate the increase in activity by those who change activity behaviors. Sex and ethnic differences need further investigation. There is a vital need for rigorously designed studies to contribute to this science.
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Considerable evidence shows that exercise, both as aerobic activity and as resistance training, is beneficial to older people.
“Considerable evidence shows that exercise, both as aerobic activity and as resistance training, is beneficial to older people.130e132”
From Evidence-Based Recommendations for Optimal Dietary Protein Intake in Older People: A Position Paper From the PROT-AGE Study Group (2013) · cites this paper as [130]
Traditional face-to-face physical activity interventions have mainly short-term effectiveness.
“Their mainly short-term effectiveness has been extensively documented in a number of systematic reviews [13-18].”
From Internet-based physical activity interventions: a systematic review of the literature. (2007) · cites this paper as [16]
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- Authors
- Conn, V. S., Minor, M. A., Burks, K. J., Rantz, M. J., & Pomeroy, S. H.
- Affiliations
- University at Buffalo, State University of New York (US)
- Venue
- Journal of the American Geriatrics Society
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2003-07-31
- Volume
- 51
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 1159-1168
- ISSN
- 0002-8614 (ISSN-L)
- 1532-5415
- OpenAlex
- W2141530731
- Cited by
- 214
- References
- 29
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 12 · 2013: 23 · 2012: 13
- FWCI
- 1.16
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of the American Geriatrics Society (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (5r29nr004521-05)
- National Institute of Nursing Research (NR04521)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Physical Activity and Health
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Behavioral Health and Interventions
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Complementary and alternative medicine › Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
- Keywords
- physical activity interventions, older adults, exercise behavior, endurance exercise, self-monitoring, goal setting, health education, supervised exercise, feedback and reinforcement, relapse prevention, motivational interventions, intervention effectiveness
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Aging, Health Promotion, Humans, Physical Fitness, Quality of Life, Exercise, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
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