Stratospheric benzene and hydrocarbon aerosols detected in Saturn’s auroral regions
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Context. Saturn’s polar upper atmosphere exhibits significant auroral activity; however, its impact on stratospheric chemistry (i.e. the production of benzene and heavier hydrocarbons) and thermal structure remains poorly documented.
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Benzene is 0.6-0.8× the <1-mbar photochemical predictions at the poles, consistent with previous findings using limb-sounding CIRS spectra.
“That benzene is 0.6–0.8× <1-mbar photochemical predictions at the poles is consistent with previous findings using limb-sounding CIRS spectra25.”
From A hexagon in Saturn's northern stratosphere surrounding the emerging summertime polar vortex (2018) · cites this paper as [25]
Section 2 confirms that the study used Cassini/CIRS limb spectra, and Section 3.2 reports benzene measurements at 80° S. But Section 4.1 describes a strong disagreement with the photochemical model’s predicted meridional trend; it does not report that polar benzene is 0.6–0.8 times the model’s predictions below 1 mbar. The numerical comparison is therefore unsupported by this copy. (LLM, conf=0.85)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe warmer southern lower stratosphere hints at a missing source of heat in the radiative model during southern summer, possibly stratospheric aerosols or stronger polar subsidence, the latter supported by excess C2H2 in the SPSV compared to the NPSV.
“This hints at a missing source of heat in the radiative model for the lower stratosphere during southern summer that was not required in the north at Ls = 88°, maybe due to stratospheric aerosols (radiative) or stronger polar subsidence (adiabatic heating)12,13,25, the latter being supported by the excess C2H2 observed in the SPSV compared to the NPSV in Table 1, discussed below.”
From A hexagon in Saturn's northern stratosphere surrounding the emerging summertime polar vortex (2018) · cites this paper as [25]
At lower pressures, both NPSV and SPSV inversions suggest a weak stratopause, with temperatures declining from 160 K at 0.3 mbar to ~150 K at 0.01 mbar, consistent with the radiative model with and without polar aerosols.
“At lower pressures, both the NPSV and SPSV inversions suggest a weak stratopause, with temperatures declining from 160 K at 0.3 mbar to ~150 K at 0.01 mbar, again consistent with the radiative model with and without the presence of polar aerosols25.”
From A hexagon in Saturn's northern stratosphere surrounding the emerging summertime polar vortex (2018) · cites this paper as [25]
Aerosols constitute a significant part of the radiative budget and can introduce a 5-6 K warming effect in the stratosphere.
“However, aerosols also constitute a significant part of the radiative budget13, which can introduce a 5–6 K warming effect in the stratosphere25.”
From A hexagon in Saturn's northern stratosphere surrounding the emerging summertime polar vortex (2018) · cites this paper as [25]
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Composition and Chemistry of the Atmospheres of Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune
Cavalié, T., & Hue, V. (2024) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-30648-3_46-1
Lefour, C., Cavalié, T., Feuchtgruber, H., Moreno, R., Fletcher, L. N., Fouchet, T., Lellouch, E., Barth, E. L., & Hartogh, P. (2025) · Astronomy and Astrophysics · doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202453029
Self-citationHigh resolution deep-ultraviolet dual-comb spectroscopy of benzene, benzene-d6 and toluene
Ehl, E., Gruber, C., Pal, M., Speletz, A., Hofmann, C., Breinbauer, R., & Bernhardt, B. (2026) · Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy and Radiative Transfer · doi:10.1016/j.jqsrt.2026.110118
Saturn's Seasonally Changing Atmosphere: Thermal Structure, Composition and Aerosols
Fletcher, L. N., Greathouse, T. K., Moses, J. I., Guerlet, S., & West, R. A. (2015) · arXiv · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1510.05690 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Self-citation
- Authors
- Guerlet, S., Fouchet, T., Vinatier, S., Simon, A. A., Dartois, E., & Spiga, A.
- Affiliations
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (FR)
- Goddard Space Flight Center (US)
- Venue
- Astronomy & Astrophysics
- Publisher
- EDP Sciences
- Published
- 2015-08
- Volume
- 580
- Pages
- A89
- ISSN
- 0004-6361 (ISSN-L)
- 1432-0746
- OpenAlex
- W1112158574
- Cited by
- 32
- References
- 34
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 1 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 1
- FWCI
- 1.52
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Astronomy and Astrophysics (publishedVersion)
- Springer Link (Chiba Institute of Technology) (submittedVersion)
- HAL (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Funders
- Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR-12-PDOC-0013)
- Institut Universitaire de France
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Astro and Planetary Science
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Ionosphere and magnetosphere dynamics
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Atmospheric Science › Atmospheric Ozone and Climate
- Keywords
- Saturn, auroral zone, stratospheric chemistry, benzene, thermal structure, Saturn atmosphere
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