An equatorial oscillation in Saturn's middle atmosphere
Abstract
The middle atmospheres of planets are driven by a combination of radiative heating and cooling, mean meridional motions, and vertically propagating waves (which originate in the deep troposphere). It is very difficult to model these effects and, therefore, observations are essential to advancing our understanding of atmospheres. The equatorial stratospheres of Earth and Jupiter oscillate quasi-periodically on timescales of about two and four years, respectively, driven by wave-induced momentum transport. On Venus and Titan, waves originating from surface-atmosphere interaction and inertial instability are thought to drive the atmosphere to rotate more rapidly than the surface (superrotation). However, the relevant wave modes have not yet been precisely identified. Here we report infrared observations showing that Saturn has an equatorial oscillation like those found on Earth and Jupiter, as well as a mid-latitude subsidence that may be associated with the equatorial motion. The latitudinal extent of Saturn's oscillation shows that it obeys the same basic physics as do those on Earth and Jupiter. Future highly resolved observations of the temperature profile together with modelling of these three different atmospheres will allow us determine the wave mode, the wavelength and the wave amplitude that lead to middle atmosphere oscillation.
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The Equatorial Zone has quasi-periodic thermal oscillations in the stratosphere that occur both in altitude and in time.
“as well as quasi-periodic thermal oscillations in the stratosphere that occur both in altitude and in time (Fouchet et al., 2008; Orton et al., 2008; Guerlet et al., 2018).”
From Saturn atmospheric dynamics one year after Cassini: Long-lived features and time variations in the drift of the Hexagon (2020) · cites this paper as Fouchet et al., 2008
The narrow and intense jet in the upper hazes and its temporal variations could be related to the equatorial thermal oscillations.
“the narrow and intense jet in the upper hazes and its temporal variations could be related to the equatorial thermal oscillations (Fouchet et al., 2008; Orton et al., 2008; Guerlet et al., 2018).”
From Saturn atmospheric dynamics one year after Cassini: Long-lived features and time variations in the drift of the Hexagon (2020) · cites this paper as Fouchet et al., 2008
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Vision and Voyages for Planetary Science in the Decade 2013-2022
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C, A. D. D. G., Achterberg, R. K., Baines, K. H., Flasar, F. M., Read, P. L., Sánchez-Lavega, A., & Showman, A. P. (2009) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4020-9217-6_6 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
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“On the other hand, both scenarios predict the same 14N/15N ratio at Jupiter and Saturn as the two planets accreted their nitrogen essentially from the same volatile reservoirs.”
InfluentialSpiga, A., Guerlet, S., Millour, E., Indurain, M., Meurdesoif, Y., Cabanes, S., Dubos, T., Leconte, J., Boissinot, A., Lebonnois, S., et al. (2019) · Icarus · doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2019.07.011 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
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“We also show, for comparison, the map we previously obtained from limb data acquired between March, 2005 and February, 2006 [see Fouchet et al., 2008; Guerlet et al., 2009], as well as the difference between the two maps (Figure 1, right).”
ResultGeneral circulation and transport in Saturn’s upper troposphere and stratosphere
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Fauchez, T. J., Turbet, M., Sergeev, D. E., Mayne, N. J., Spiga, A., Sohl, L. E., Saxena, P., Deitrick, R., Gilli, G., Domagal-Goldman, S. D., et al. (2021) · The Planetary Science Journal · doi:10.3847/psj/abf4df · Cited by 44 · see citing works
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MethodDisruption of Saturn’s quasi-periodic equatorial oscillation by the great northern storm
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“…in 2005−2010 (mostly at a 7.5 cm−1 resolution) have been used to retrieve vertical profiles of the stratospheric temperature and of the abundance of five hydrocarbons (C2H6, C2H2, C3H8, CH3C2H, C4H2), the main by-products of methane photolysis (Fouchet et al. 2008; Guerlet et al. 2009, 2010).”
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“These differences between the measured and predicted temperatures are expected, as our radiative–convective model cannot reproduce temperatures perturbations induced by the equatorial oscillation, which is suggested to be a purely dynamical effect (Fouchet et al., 2008; Guerlet et al., 2011). In the northern hemispher…”
InfluentialCassini Exploration of the Planet Saturn: A Comprehensive Review
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“If we take the possible decrease of � 100 m/s around 10 mbar from Cassini limb observations [ Fouchet et al., 2008 ] into account, the equatorial wave in the stratosphere still moves westward with a velocity � 30 m/s relative to the strong background current (Cx � u = � 30 m/s).”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluentialSaturn’s upper atmosphere during the Voyager era: Reanalysis and modeling of the UVS occultations
Vervack, R. J., & Moses, J. I. (2015) · Icarus · doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2015.06.007 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
“The Cassini mission has provided a wealth of information on stratospheric temperatures (e.g., Flasar et al., 2005; Fletcher et al., 2007; Fletcher et al., 2008, 2010; Fouchet et al., 2008; Liming et al., 2008; Li et al., 2013; Guerlet et al., 2009, 2010, 2011; Sinclair et al., 2013, 2014), but the results show signifi…”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialHue, V., Cavalié, T., Dobrijevic, M., Hersant, F., & Greathouse, T. K. (2015) · Icarus · doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2015.04.001 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
“The temperatures below the 10−5mbar pressure level come from a retrieval performed by Fouchet et al. (2008) on Cassini/CIRS data observed at a planetographic latitude of 20◦S. Extrapolation to the upper stratosphere has been made using data from Smith et al. (1983) (see Fig.”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialHerschel map of Saturn’s stratospheric water, delivered by the plumes of Enceladus
Cavalié, T., Hue, V., Hartogh, P., Moreno, R., Lellouch, E., Feuchtgruber, H., Jarchow, C., Cassidy, T., Fletcher, L. N., Billebaud, F., et al. (2019) · Astronomy and Astrophysics · doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201935954 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
From Voyager-IRIS to Cassini-CIRS: Interannual variability in Saturn’s stratosphere?
Sinclair, J., Irwin, P. G. J., Fletcher, L. N., Greathouse, T. K., Guerlet, S., Hurley, J., & Merlet, C. (2014) · Icarus · doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2014.02.009 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
“As shown, there are differences in temperature from 15◦S to 15◦N which represents the range of latitudes occupied by the SSAO [2].”
BackgroundEvolution of stratospheric chemistry in the Saturn storm beacon region
Moses, J. I., Armstrong, E. S., Fletcher, L. N., Friedson, A. J., Irwin, P. G. J., Sinclair, J., & Hesman, B. E. (2015) · Icarus · doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2015.08.012 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
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Generation of a mean flow by an internal wave
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A strong high altitude narrow jet detected at Saturn's equator
Garcia‐Melendo, E., Sánchez-Lavega, A., Legarreta, J., Pérez-Hoyos, S., & Hueso, R. (2010) · Geophysical Research Letters · doi:10.1029/2010gl045434 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
“In Saturn the central jet is located at the base of a region where a biannual oscillation in the temperature field has been detected [Fouchet et al., 2008; Orton et al., 2008] and where a high altitude (1 mbar) stratospheric jet and a thermal wave have been reported [Li et al., 2008].”
BackgroundNonlinear saturation of the large scale flow in a laboratory model of the quasibiennial oscillation
Semin, B., Garroum, N., Pétrélis, F., & Fauve, S. (2018) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.121.134502 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Fluctuations in Jupiter’s equatorial stratospheric oscillation
Antuñano, A., Cosentino, R., Fletcher, L. N., Simon, A. A., Greathouse, T. K., & Orton, G. S. (2020) · Nature Astronomy · doi:10.1038/s41550-020-1165-5 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Moses, J. I., Brown, Z., Koskinen, T., Fletcher, L. N., Serigano, J., Guerlet, S., Moore, L., Waite, J. H., Jaffel, L. B., Galand, M. I., et al. (2022) · Icarus · doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2022.115328 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Saturn's Atmosphere in Northern Summer Revealed by JWST/MIRI
Fletcher, L. N., King, O. R. T., Harkett, J., Hammel, H. B., Roman, M. T., Melin, H., Hedman, M. M., Moses, J. I., Guerlet, S., Milam, S. N., et al. (2023) · Journal of Geophysical Research Planets · doi:10.1029/2023je007924 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
“5 mbar, with the peak-to-peak contrast of ∼ 400 m/s between eastward and westward maxima being comparable to that derived from Cassini limb observations (Fouchet et al., 2008).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialCoupled convection and internal gravity waves excited in water around its density maximum at 4°C
Léard, P., Favier, B., Gal, P. L., & Bars, M. L. (2020) · Physical Review Fluids · doi:10.1103/physrevfluids.5.024801 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Vertically-resolved observations of Jupiter’s quasi-quadrennial oscillation from 2012 to 2019
Giles, R., Greathouse, T. K., Cosentino, R., Orton, G. S., & Lacy, J. H. (2020) · Icarus · doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2020.113905 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
“mentum to the QQO, agreeing with earlier results from Friedson (1999). In particular, Cosentino et al.”
ResultDobrijévic, M., Cavalié, T., & Billebaud, F. (2011) · Icarus · doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2011.04.027 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
“Introduction11 Recent Cassini and ground-based observations (Greathouse et al. 2005, Howett12 et al. 2007, Fouchet et al. 2008, Guerlet et al. 2009, Hesman et al. 2009, Guerlet13 et al. 2010) and observations gathered in the framework of the Herschel Guar-14 anteed Time Key Program ”Water and…”
BackgroundJupiter’s Atmospheric Variability from Long-term Ground-based Observations at 5 μm
Antuñano, A., Fletcher, L. N., Orton, G. S., Melin, H., Milan, S. E., ROGERS, J. H., Greathouse, T. K., Harrington, J., Donnelly, P. T., & Giles, R. (2019) · The Astronomical Journal · doi:10.3847/1538-3881/ab2cd6 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
“…oscillation (QBO) in Earth’s equatorial stratospheric winds and temperatures (e.g., Baldwin et al. 2001) and Saturn’s quasi-periodic equatorial oscillation (QPO; Fouchet et al. 2008; Orton et al. 2008), which has been observed to span almost down to Saturn’s tropopause (Fletcher et al. 2017a).”
BackgroundStrong Temporal Variation Over One Saturnian Year: From Voyager to Cassini
Li, L., Achterberg, R. K., Conrath, B. J., Gierasch, P. J., Smith, M. A., Simon, A. A., Nixon, C. A., Orton, G. S., Flasar, F. M., Jiang, X., et al. (2013) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/srep02410 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
“The temporal variation of tropospheric temperature is also different from the semi-annual oscillations 17,18 , because the semi-annual oscillations were discovered in the middle and high stratosphere of Saturn.”
Equatorial winds on Saturn and the stratospheric oscillation
Li, L., Jiang, X., Ingersoll, A. P., C, A. D. D. G., Porco, C. C., West, R. A., Vasavada, A. R., Ewald, S. P., Conrath, B. J., Gierasch, P. J., et al. (2011) · Nature Geoscience · doi:10.1038/ngeo1292 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Hue, V., Greathouse, T. K., Cavalié, T., Dobrijevic, M., & Hersant, F. (2016) · Icarus · doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2015.12.007 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
“Latitudes below ± 20◦ were not accounted for in order to remove the effects from SSAO on the observed temperatures.”
BackgroundInfluentialThe Global Atmospheric Circulation of Saturn
Showman, A. P., Ingersoll, A. P., Achterberg, R. K., & Kaspi, Y. (2018) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781316227220.011 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
“Fouchet et al. 2009, see also the chapter by Fletcher et al.34 in this volume).”
BackgroundHueso, R., Sánchez-Lavega, A., Rojas, J. F., Simon, A. A., Barry, T., Río-Gaztelurrutia, T. D., Antuñano, A., Sayanagi, K. M., Delcroix, M., Fletcher, L. N., et al. (2020) · Icarus · doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2019.113429 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
“and the equatorial thermal oscillations observed by the CIRS instrument (Fouchet et al., 2008; Orton et al., 2008; Guerlet et al., 2018) suggest that a thorough analysis of zonal winds with the best temporal resolution should be pursued with Cassini archived data complemented with cloud correlation analysis on current…”
BackgroundUnexpected long-term variability in Jupiter’s tropospheric temperatures
Orton, G. S., Antuñano, A., Fletcher, L. N., Sinclair, J., Momary, T., Fujiyoshi, T., Yanamandra-Fisher, P. A., Donnelly, P. T., Greco, J., Payne, A. V., et al. (2022) · Nature Astronomy · doi:10.1038/s41550-022-01839-0 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Wentzel–Kramers–Brillouin approximation for atmospheric waves
Godin, O. A. (2015) · Journal of Fluid Mechanics · doi:10.1017/jfm.2015.367 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
“A different approach is necessary to obtain rigorous estimates of the deviation of the first WKB approximation from exact solutions at finite L, see Olver (1974), Fedoryuk (1987), Brekhovskikh & Godin (1998) and references therein.”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialGlobal climate modeling of Saturn’s atmosphere. Part IV: Stratospheric equatorial oscillation
Bardet, D., Spiga, A., Guerlet, S., Cabanes, S., Millour, E., & Boissinot, A. (2020) · Icarus · doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2020.114042 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
“Secondly, a crucial discovery of Cassini is that temperatures retrieved from thermal infrared spectra in Saturn’s stratosphere exhibit an equatorial oscillation with semi-annual periodicity (Orton et al., 2008; Fouchet et al., 2008).”
BackgroundSaturn: Atmosphere, Ionosphere, and Magnetosphere
Gombosi, T. I., & Ingersoll, A. P. (2010) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1179119 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Joint evolution of equatorial oscillation and interhemispheric circulation in Saturn’s stratosphere
Bardet, D., Spiga, A., & Guerlet, S. (2022) · Nature Astronomy · doi:10.1038/s41550-022-01670-7 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
“The TEM stream function is calculated by integrating equation (1) (normalized by the density ρ0) downward from the top level, assuming that v̄ is zero above that level35.”
MethodAn intense narrow equatorial jet in Jupiter’s lower stratosphere observed by JWST
Hueso, R., Sánchez-Lavega, A., Fouchet, T., de Pater, I., Antuñano, A., Fletcher, L. N., Wong, M. H., Rodríguez‐Ovalle, P., Sromovsky, L. A., Fry, P. M., et al. (2023) · Nature Astronomy · doi:10.1038/s41550-023-02099-2 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
“The perturbations to the equatorial stratospheric temperatures and inferred thermal winds vary periodically on multiyear timescales 15–18 , sharing characteristics with similar phenomena on Earth, such as the quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) and semi-annual oscillation (SAO) 12,19 .”
InfluentialCowley, S. W. H., & Provan, G. (2013) · Journal of Geophysical Research Space Physics · doi:10.1002/2013ja019200 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Saturn's global zonal winds explored by Cassini/VIMS 5-μm images
Studwell, A., Li, L., Jiang, X., Baines, K. H., Fry, P. M., Momary, T. W., & Dyudina, U. A. (2018) · Geophysical Research Letters · doi:10.1029/2018gl078139 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
“…(CIRS; Flasar, Kunde, Abbas, et al., 2004) and the thermal wind relationship (e.g., Achterberg et al., 2014; Flasar et al., 2005; Fletcher et al., 2010, 2011, 2016, 2017; Fouchet et al., 2008; Guerlet et al., 2011; Li et al., 2007, 2008, 2011, 2013; Read et al., 2007; Read, Conrath, et al., 2009).”
First absolute wind measurements in Saturn’s stratosphere from ALMA observations
Benmahi, B., Cavalié, T., Fouchet, T., Moreno, R., Lellouch, E., Bardet, D., Guerlet, S., Hue, V., & Spiga, A. (2022) · Astronomy and Astrophysics · doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202244200 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Influence of solar activity on seasonal variations of methane absorption in the atmosphere of Saturn
Vidmachenko, A. P. (2015) · Kinematics and Physics of Celestial Bodies · doi:10.3103/s088459131503006x · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Harrington, J., French, R. G., & Matcheva, K. (2010) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1088/0004-637x/716/1/404 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
“…Fritts et al. 2006), Jupiter (French & Gierasch 1974; Young et al. 1997; Raynaud et al. 2003, 2004; Young et al. 2005), Saturn (Cooray et al. 1998; Fouchet et al. 2008), Titan (Sicardy et al. 1999), Uranus (Young et al. 2001), Neptune (Roques et al. 1994), and Pluto (Person et al. 2008; Hubbard…”
BackgroundMapping the zonal winds of Jupiter’s stratospheric equatorial oscillation
Benmahi, B., Cavalié, T., Greathouse, T. K., Hue, V., Giles, R., Guerlet, S., Spiga, A., & Cosentino, R. (2021) · Astronomy and Astrophysics · doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202141523 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Cavalié, T., Dobrijévic, M., Fletcher, L. N., Loison, J., Hickson, K. M., Hue, V., & Hartogh, P. (2015) · Astronomy and Astrophysics · doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201425444 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
“It is perturbed by a thermal oscillation (Fouchet et al. 2008; Orton et al. 2008; Guerlet et al. 2011) and possibly by a seasonally reversing Hadley cell (Friedson & Moses 2012).”
BackgroundMultimodal Excitation to Model the Quasibiennial Oscillation.
Léard, P., Lecoanet, D., & Bars, M. L. (2020) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.125.234501 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
“Similar reversals are observed on other planets [11, 12].”
ResultFinite-amplitude acoustic-gravity waves: exact solutions
Godin, O. A. (2015) · Journal of Fluid Mechanics · doi:10.1017/jfm.2015.40 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
“These waves play an important role in the dynamics of stars and planetary atmospheres (Duvall et al. 1993; Podesta 2005; Fouchet et al. 2008) and have been extensively studied in meteorology, climate research and space physics contexts (Gossard & Hooke 1975; Hargreaves & Gadsden 1992; Fritts &…”
BackgroundDowling, T. E. (2008) · Nature · doi:10.1038/453163a · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Smith, C. (2013) · Icarus · doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2013.07.001 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Saturn’s Seasonally Changing Atmosphere
Fletcher, L. N., Greathouse, T. K., Guerlet, S., Moses, J. I., & West, R. A. (2018) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781316227220.010 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Saturn’s seasonal variability from four decades of ground-based mid-infrared observations
Blake, J., Fletcher, L. N., Orton, G. S., Antuñano, A., Roman, M. T., Kasaba, Y., Fujiyoshi, T., Melin, H., Bardet, D., Sinclair, J., et al. (2022) · Icarus · doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2022.115347 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
“Given the proposed semi-annual nature of the equatorial oscillation (Orton et al., 2008; Fouchet et al., 2008), our first-order assumption would be that Saturn should appear the same from one Saturnian year to the next.”
BackgroundMidsummer Atmospheric Changes in Saturn’s Northern Hemisphere from the Hubble OPAL Program
Simon, A. A., Hueso, R., Sánchez-Lavega, A., & Wong, M. H. (2021) · The Planetary Science Journal · doi:10.3847/psj/abe40f · Cited by 8 · see citing works
“This may be partially due to altitude changes and corresponding thermal wind shear (Pérez-Hoyos & Sánchez-Lavega 2006) or to quasiperiodic oscillations in the winds (Flasar et al. 2005; Fouchet et al. 2008).”
BackgroundReview of Knowledge Prior to the Cassini-Huygens Mission and Concurrent Research
Orton, G., Baines, K., Cruikshank, D., Cuzzi, J., Krimigis, S., Miller, S., & Lellouch, E. (2009) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4020-9217-6_2 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
“11 illustrates that the phase of this oscillation also appeared to be tied to Saturn’s equinox, and identified it as the manifestation of the vertical waves detected by the CIRS experiment in Saturn’s stratosphere (Fouchet et al. 2008).”
BackgroundA Chorus of the Winds—On Saturn!
Read, P. L. (2018) · Journal of Geophysical Research Planets · doi:10.1029/2018je005625 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Diffraction of acoustic-gravity waves in the presence of a turning point
Godin, O. A. (2016) · The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America · doi:10.1121/1.4955283 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Fluid dynamics of a mixed convective/stably stratified system—A review of some recent works
Bars, M. L., Couston, L., Favier, B., Léard, P., Lecoanet, D., & Gal, P. L. (2020) · Comptes rendus. Physique · doi:10.5802/crphys.17 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
“Similar oscillations have also been reported in Jupiter’s and Saturn’s atmospheres [5, 6].”
ResultQuasi-biennial oscillation: laboratory experiments
Semin, B., & Pétrélis, F. (2024) · Comptes rendus. Physique · doi:10.5802/crphys.195 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Spatiotemporal Variability of Saturn's Zonal Winds Observed by Cassini
Wang, X., Li, L., Guan, L., Jiang, X., Fry, P. M., Dyudina, U. A., Fletcher, L. N., Garcia‐Melendo, E., Hueso, R., Morales-Juberías, R., et al. (2025) · Journal of Geophysical Research Planets · doi:10.1029/2024je008515 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
“…the classic thermal‐ wind equation, has been developed in recent studies (de la Torre Juarez et al., 2002; Flasar, Achterberg, Conrath, Gierasch, et al., 2005; Flasar, Achterberg, Conrath, Pearl, et al., 2005b; Fouchet et al., 2008; Galanti et al., 2017; Li et al., 2007, 2008; Marcus et al., 2019).”
InfluentialFundamental Science Achieved with a Single Probe in Each Giant Planet Atmosphere
Mandt, K. E., Simon, A. A., Mousis, O. J., Atkinson, D. H., & Hofstadter, M. (2024) · Space Science Reviews · doi:10.1007/s11214-024-01083-0 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
“However, both Jupiter and Saturn show stratospheric temperature and possibly wind oscillations, similar to wave processes occurring on Earth (e.g., Leovy et al. 1991; Orton et al. 1991; Fouchet et al. 2008).”
Zonons Are Solitons Produced by Rossby Wave Ringing
Cohen, N., Galperin, B., & Sukoriansky, S. (2024) · Atmosphere · doi:10.3390/atmos15060711 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Ground-Based Observational Support for Spacecraft Exploration of the Outer Planets
Orton, G. S. (2009) · Earth Moon and Planets · doi:10.1007/s11038-009-9295-x · Cited by 2 · see citing works
COMMISSION 16: PHYSICAL STUDY OF PLANETS AND SATELLITES
Courtin, R., McGrath, M. A., Consolmagno, G. J., Blanco, C., Ksanfomality, L. V., Lara, L. M., Morrison, D., Spencer, J. R., & Tejfel, V. G. (2008) · Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union · doi:10.1017/s1743921308025416 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Atmospheric Dynamics of Giants and Icy Planets
Sánchez-Lavega, A., & Heimpel, M. H. (2017) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-30648-3_51-1 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Large-scale flow driven by turbulently generated internal gravity waves
Léard, P., Margaillan, L., Raymond, T., Rouby, M., & Bars, M. L. (2021) · Physical Review Fluids · doi:10.1103/physrevfluids.6.084801 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Atmospheric Dynamics of Giants and Icy Planets
Sánchez-Lavega, A., & Heimpel, M. H. (2018) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-55333-7_51 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Equatorial stratospheric oscillations in planetary atmospheres
Bardet, D., & Antuñano, A. (2024) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-15638-0.00018-6 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
The Strongest Jet Ever Detected and a New Thermal Wave in Saturn's Equatorial Stratosphere
Li, L., Gierasch, P. J., Achterberg, R. K., Conrath, B. J., Flasar, F. M., Vasavada, A. R., Ingersoll, A. P., Banfield, D., Simon, A. A., & Fletcher, L. N. (2008) · AAS/Division for Planetary Sciences Meeting Abstracts #40
Spatio-Temporal Pattern of Saturn's Equatorial Oscillation
Flasar, F. M., Schnider, P. J., Marouf, E. A., McGhee, C. A., Kliore, A. J., & Rappaport, N. J. (2010) · European Planetary Science Congress 2010
Evolution of the equatorial oscillation in Saturn's stratosphere
Guerlet, S., Fouchet, T., Bézard, B., Simon, A. A., & Flasar, F. M. (2010) · HAL
The Future Exploration of Saturn
Baines, K. H., Atreya, S. K., Crary, F. J., Edgington, S. G. C., Greathouse, T. K., Melin, H., Mousis, O. J., Orton, G. S., Spilker, T. R., & Wesley, A. (2018) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781316227220.014
“The distribution of stratospheric winds can be mapped in particular at 936 equatorial latitudes, possibly providing evidence of waves perhaps associated with the 937 semi-annual oscillation (Fouchet et al., 2008; Orton et al., 2008).”
Background
- Authors
- Fouchet, T., Guerlet, S., Strobel, D. F., Simon-Miller, A. A., Bézard, B., & Flasar, F. M.
- Affiliations
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (FR)
- Johns Hopkins University (US)
- Goddard Space Flight Center (US)
- Corresponding author
- Fouchet, T.
- Venue
- Nature
- Published
- 2008-05
- Volume
- 453
- Issue
- 7192
- Pages
- 200-202
- ISSN
- 0028-0836 (ISSN-L)
- 1476-4687
- OpenAlex
- W2043249054
- Cited by
- 115
- References
- 25
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 13 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 3
- FWCI
- 5.25
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Nature (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- HAL (submittedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Astro and Planetary Science
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Ionosphere and magnetosphere dynamics
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Atmospheric Science › Atmospheric Ozone and Climate
- Keywords
- Saturn, middle atmosphere, stratosphere, vertically propagating waves, semiannual oscillation, seasonal forcing, superrotation, planetary atmospheres, infrared observations
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