Saturn's Temperature Field from High-Resolution Middle-Infrared Imaging
Abstract
Saturn was imaged between 8 and 24.5 micrometers at ∼3000-kilometer resolution with the Keck I Telescope. Saturn's atmosphere has zonal temperature bands, which are mostly uncorrelated with visible cloud reflectivity, strong 100-millibar zonal temperature oscillations near 32°S, a warm south polar cap, and a compact hot point within 3° of the south pole.
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Cassini confirmed the presence of a circular feature at Saturn's South pole.
“Cassini confirmed the presence of a circular feature at the planet's South pole that had been already revealed in images in the thermal infrared captured form Earth [ Orton and Yanamandra-Fisher , 2005].”
From Dynamics of Saturn's polar regions (2015) · cites this paper as Orton and Yanamandra-Fisher, 2005
Saturn's polar stratosphere exhibits seasonal growth and dissipation of broad, warm vortices poleward of ~75° latitude, strongest in summer and absent in winter.
“Saturn’s polar stratosphere exhibits the seasonal growth and dissipation of broad, warm vortices poleward of ~75° latitude, which are strongest in the summer and absent in winter.”
From A hexagon in Saturn's northern stratosphere surrounding the emerging summertime polar vortex (2018) · cites this paper as [4]
By the time Keck observed Saturn in February 2004 (Ls = 287°), 16 months after southern summer solstice, the warm SPSV was already well established poleward of 70°S.
“By the time the Keck observatory observed Saturn in February 2004 (a planetocentric solar longitude of Ls = 287°), 16 months after southern summer solstice (October 2002), the warm South Polar Stratospheric Vortex (SPSV) was already well established poleward of 70°S4.”
From A hexagon in Saturn's northern stratosphere surrounding the emerging summertime polar vortex (2018) · cites this paper as [4]
At the start of the Cassini time series, the SPSV had a negative dT/dy near 88°S defining the edge of the compact polar cyclone and a negative dT/dy near 74°S representing the edge of the SPSV.
“At the start of the Cassini time series, the SPSV had two primary structures: the negative dT/dy near 88°S that defines the edge of the compact polar cyclone4 and the negative dT/dy near 74°S that represents the edge of the SPSV5 (Fig. 4j–l).”
From A hexagon in Saturn's northern stratosphere surrounding the emerging summertime polar vortex (2018) · cites this paper as [4]
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Wang, J., Wirth-Singh, A., Saragadam, V., Johnson, R. A., Majumdar, A., & Veeraraghavan, A. (2025) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-025-65188-y · Cited by 4 · see citing works
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Astrobiological Potential of Planetary Bodies Within the Solar System
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A new perspective on Saturn’s polar vortices: Coupling the thermosphere and stratosphere
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- Authors
- Orton, G. S., & Yanamandra-Fisher, P. A.
- Affiliations
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory (US)
- Venue
- Science
- Published
- 2005-02-04
- Volume
- 307
- Issue
- 5710
- Pages
- 696-698
- ISSN
- 0036-8075 (ISSN-L)
- 1095-9203
- OpenAlex
- W2060445157
- Cited by
- 77
- References
- 20
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 1 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 4.27
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Science (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Astro and Planetary Science
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Planetary Science and Exploration
- Keywords
- Saturn, cloud reflectivity, south polar cap, hot spots, planetary atmospheres
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