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Cited by 6Galaxies: Formation, Evolution, PhenomenaStellar, planetary, and galactic studiesCosmology and Gravitation Theories

Dark matter fraction derived from the m31 rotation curve

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Hammer, F., Yang, Y. B., Amram, P., Chemin, L., Mamon, G. A., Wang, J. L., Akib, I., Jiao, Y. J. +1 more·2025·Astronomy & Astrophysics
DOI 10.1051/0004-6361/202452753
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Abstract

Mass estimates of a spiral galaxy derived from its rotation curve must account for the galaxy’s past accretion history. There are several lines of evidence indicating that M31 experienced a major merger 2 to 3 Gyr ago. In this work, we generated a dynamical model of M31 as a merger remnant that reproduces most of its properties, including from the central bar to the outskirts. The model accounts for M31’s past major merger and reproduces the details of its rotation curve, including its 14 kpc bump and the observed increase of velocity beyond 25 kpc. We find non-equilibrium and oscillatory motions in the gas of the merger-remnant outskirts caused by material in a tidal tail returning to the merger remnant. A total dynamical M31 mass of 4.5 × 1011 M⊙ within 137 kpc was obtained after scaling it to the observed HI rotation curve. Within this radial distance, we find that 68% of the total dynamical mass is dark.

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  • A complementary dynamical analysis of the M31 rotation curve by Hammer et al. (2025) derives a low M31 dynamical mass with baryon fraction ∼30% within the virial radius.

    “A complementary dynamical analysis of the M31 rotation curve by Hammer et al. (2025), using the same methodology that Jiao et al. (2023) applied to the MW, derives a low M31 dynamical mass with baryon fraction ∼ 30% within the virial radius.”

    From The rotation curve of the Milky Way: State of the art, the Keplerian decline debate, and implications for dark matter (2026) · cites this paper as Hammer et al. (2025)

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Authors
Hammer, F., Yang, Y. B., Amram, P., Chemin, L., Mamon, G. A., Wang, J. L., Akib, I., Jiao, Y. J., & Wang, H. F.
Affiliations
  • Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (FR)
  • Universidad Andrés Bello (CL)
  • University of Padua (IT)
ORCID
Venue
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Publisher
EDP Sciences
Published
2025-02
Volume
694
Pages
A16
ISSN
  • 0004-6361 (ISSN-L)
  • 1432-0746
DOI
10.1051/0004-6361/202452753
OpenAlex
W4407096517
Cited by
6
References
41
Citations by year
2026: 4 · 2025: 2
FWCI
2.68
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Astronomy and Astrophysics (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • HAL (submittedVersion, cc-by)
  • Repositorio Institucional Académico , Sistema de Bibliotecas Universidad Andrés Bello (UNAB) (Universidad Andrés Bello (UNAB)) (submittedVersion)
  • Repositorio Institucional Académico , Sistema de Bibliotecas Universidad Andrés Bello (UNAB) (Universidad Andrés Bello (UNAB)) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
Funders
  • China Scholarship Council
  • Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique
  • Institute of High Energy Physics
  • National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Galaxies: Formation, Evolution, Phenomena
  • Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies
  • Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Cosmology and Gravitation Theories
Keywords
M31, dark matter fraction, rotation curves, major mergers, merger remnants, dynamical mass, HI rotation curves, tidal tails, gas oscillations, central bar

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