Cited by 292Gut microbiota and healthNutritional Studies and DietNutrition, Genetics, and Disease

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Food, Immunity, and the Microbiome

Tilg, Herbert, Moschen, Alexander R.·2015·Gastroenterology

DOI 10.1053/j.gastro.2014.12.036

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Abstract

There is increasing evidence that ingested diet-borne components are involved in the pathogenesis of disorders such as inflammatory bowel diseases, atherosclerosis, and type 2 diabetes. Nutrients can have short- and long-term effects in shaping the composition of the microbiota. Western diets (enriched in fat, phosphatidylcholine, and L-carnitine) promote inflammation and atherosclerosis through specific fatty acids and degradation products such as trimethylamine N-oxide. Other dietary factors such as carbazoles or tryptophan-enriched proteins have anti-inflammatory properties-partly via activation of aryl hydrocarbon receptors. The microbiota and its metabolic machinery produce a myriad of metabolites that serve as important messengers between the diet, microbiota, and host. Short-chain fatty acids affect immune responses and epithelial integrity via G-protein-coupled receptors and epigenetic mechanisms. By increasing our understanding of interactions between diet, immunity, and the microbiota, we might develop food-based approaches to prevent or treat many diseases. There now is scientific evidence to support the adage "we are what we eat," and this process begins in early life.

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Authors: Tilg, H., & Moschen, A. R.
Affiliations: Innsbruck Medical University (AT)
Corresponding author: Tilg, Herbert
ORCID: Tilg, Herbert
Moschen, Alexander R.
Venue: Gastroenterology
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2015-05
Volume: 148
Issue: 6
Pages: 1107-1119
ISSN: 0016-5085 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2014.12.036
OpenAlex: W1988309547
Cited by: 292
References: 102
Citations by year: 2026: 22 · 2025: 18 · 2024: 19 · 2023: 14 · 2022: 27 · 2021: 35 · 2020: 34 · 2019: 28 · 2018: 27 · 2017: 30 · 2016: 25 · 2015: 12
FWCI: 3.04
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
www.elsevier.com/legal/tdmrep-license (tdm)
Locations: Gastroenterology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: Tiroler Wissenschaftsförderung
Topics: Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gut microbiota and health
Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Nutritional Studies and Diet
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Nutrition, Genetics, and Disease
Keywords: diet-microbiome interactions, gut microbiota, immune regulation, short-chain fatty acids, trimethylamine N-oxide, Western diet, atherosclerosis, inflammatory bowel disease, type 2 diabetes, aryl hydrocarbon receptor, carbazole, tryptophan, phosphatidylcholine, L-carnitine, microbial metabolites, G protein-coupled receptors, epigenetic mechanisms, epithelial barrier integrity, inflammation
MeSH terms: Animals, Diet, Energy Metabolism, Humans, Inflammation, Nutritional Status, Risk Factors, Immunity, Mucosal, Gastrointestinal Tract, Malnutrition, Host-Pathogen Interactions, Microbiota

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