Evidence-Based Management of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials (2002–2020)

Haber, Philipp K.; Puigvehí, Marc; Castet, Florian; Lourdusamy, Vennis; Montal, Robert; Tabrizian, Parissa; Buckstein, Michael; Kim, Edward; Villanueva, Augusto; Schwartz, Myron; Llovet, Josep M.

doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2021.06.008

Cited by 249Hepatocellular Carcinoma Treatment and PrognosisColorectal Cancer Treatments and StudiesRenal cell carcinoma treatment

Evidence-Based Management of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials (2002–2020)

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Haber, Philipp K., Puigvehí, Marc, Castet, Florian, Lourdusamy, Vennis, Montal, Robert, Tabrizian, Parissa, Buckstein, Michael, Kim, Edward +3 more·2021·Gastroenterology

DOI 10.1053/j.gastro.2021.06.008PMC PMC12276942

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Abstract

Background & aims Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a leading cause of cancer-related mortality, with a rapidly changing landscape of treatments. In the past 20 years, numerous randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have aimed at improving outcomes across disease stages. We aimed to analyze the current evidence and identify potential factors influencing response to therapies.Methods We conducted a systematic review of phase III RCTs (2002-2020) across disease stages. A meta-analysis was designed to examine the relationship between etiology and outcome after systemic therapies with either tyrosine-kinase inhibitor (TKI)/antiangiogenic or immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy.Results Out of 10,100 studies identified, 76 were phase III RCTs. Among them, a rigorous screening algorithm identified 49 with high quality including a total of 22,113 patients undergoing adjuvant (n = 7) and primary treatment for early (n = 2), intermediate (n = 7), and advanced (first-line, n = 21; second-line, n = 12) stages of disease. Nine of these trials were positive, 6 treatments have been adopted in guidelines (sorafenib [2 RCTs], lenvatinib, atezolizumab+bevacizumab, regorafenib, cabozantinib and ramucirumab), but 2 were not (adjuvant CIK cells and sorafenib plus hepatic arterial infusion with FOLFOX). Meta-analysis of 8 trials including 3739 patients revealed ICI therapy to be significantly more effective in patients with viral hepatitis compared with nonviral-related HCC, whereas no differences related to etiology were observed in patients treated with TKI/anti-vascular endothelial growth factor.Conclusions Among 49 high-quality RCTs conducted in HCC during 2002-2020, 9 resulted in positive results. A meta-analysis of systemic therapies suggests that immunotherapies may be more effective in viral etiologies.

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Randomized trials of adjuvant therapy in hepatocellular carcinoma after curative resection or local ablation had not produced positive results over the preceding decades.
“those testing such approaches in HCC after potentially curative resection or local ablation have not yielded positive results over the preceding decades11.”
From Adjuvant and neoadjuvant immunotherapies in hepatocellular carcinoma (2024) · cites this paper as [11]
The Discussion (page not specified) says only one of seven high-quality adjuvant trials met its primary endpoint, supporting the point that positive results were rare. But the Results > Adjuvant Treatments section reports a positive trial of CIK cells after resection or local ablation, so the categorical claim that the trials yielded no positive results is too strong. (LLM, conf=0.88)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Most randomized trials of adjuvant therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma failed to show clinical benefit, and positive studies await validation in Western countries.
“In summary, most of the studies failed to identify any clinical benefit and, among the positive studies, validation in trials conducted in Western countries is awaited.”
From Adjuvant and neoadjuvant immunotherapies in hepatocellular carcinoma (2024) · cites this paper as [11]
The Results (Adjuvant Treatments; page unavailable) report that only one of seven high-quality adjuvant trials met its primary endpoint, supporting the claim that most did not show benefit. The positive trial was conducted in Korea, and the Discussion notes important caveats, but our copy does not state that validation in Western-country trials is awaited. (LLM, conf=0.86)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
In KEYNOTE-240, OS benefit seemed numerically greater in patients with HBV-HCC (HR 0.57 [0.35-0.94]) treated with pembrolizumab compared to placebo.
“In KEYNOTE-240, OS benefits seem numerically greater in patients with HBV-HCC (HR 0.57 [0.35–0.94]) treated with pembrolizumab compared to placebo, while the HR of patients with non-viral HCCs was 0.88 (0.64–1.20) [46].”
From Etiology-Based Treatment for Unresectable/Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Focus on Viral Hepatitis and Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatohepatitis (2025) · cites this paper as [46]
The Results (Population Disparities and Influence of Disease Etiology in Advanced HCC Trials; page unavailable) include KEYNOTE-240 in a meta-analysis and report a greater OS benefit with immunotherapy for viral than nonviral HCC. But these are pooled estimates, not the claimed KEYNOTE-240 HBV subgroup HR of 0.57 (0.35–0.94) or nonviral HR of 0.88 (0.64–1.20). The Results (Advanced Setting—Second-Line Treatment; page unavailable) give only the trial-wide OS HR. (LLM, conf=0.84)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
In KEYNOTE-240, OS HR for non-viral HCC was 0.88 (0.64-1.20).
“In KEYNOTE-240, OS benefits seem numerically greater in patients with HBV-HCC (HR 0.57 [0.35–0.94]) treated with pembrolizumab compared to placebo, while the HR of patients with non-viral HCCs was 0.88 (0.64–1.20) [46].”
From Etiology-Based Treatment for Unresectable/Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Focus on Viral Hepatitis and Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatohepatitis (2025) · cites this paper as [46]
The Results sections on second-line treatment and disease etiology identify KEYNOTE-240 as a pembrolizumab-versus-placebo trial and report OS hazard ratios. But the nonviral HR of 0.92 (95% CI 0.77–1.11) is pooled across immunotherapy trials; our copy does not report the claimed KEYNOTE-240-specific HR of 0.88 (0.64–1.20). (LLM, conf=0.84)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
In KEYNOTE-240, PFS HR was similar for HBV-HCC (0.70 [0.44-1.13]) and non-viral HCC (0.75 [0.56-1.01]).
“However, the HR for PFS was similar (0.70 [0.44–1.13] and 0.75 [0.56–1.01]) respectively.”
From Etiology-Based Treatment for Unresectable/Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Focus on Viral Hepatitis and Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatohepatitis (2025) · cites this paper as [46]
The Results section on second-line treatment reports a KEYNOTE-240 PFS HR of 0.775 (95% CI 0.609–0.987) for the trial overall. The etiology analysis includes KEYNOTE-240 but reports pooled overall-survival results, not the claimed HBV-HCC and nonviral-HCC PFS HRs of 0.70 and 0.75. Page numbers are unavailable in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.82)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

In CheckMate-459, KEYNOTE-240, and COSMIC-312, the apparent reduced benefit from ICIs for patients with non-viral HCCs was likely a major cause for the negative OS outcomes, despite a clear benefit for patients with HBV-HCCs.
“in CheckMate-459, KEYNOTE-240, and COSMIC-312, the apparent reduced benefit from ICIs for patients with non-viral HCCs was likely a major cause for the negative OS outcomes, despite a clear benefit for patients with HBV-HCCs [27, 35, 46]”
From Etiology-Based Treatment for Unresectable/Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Focus on Viral Hepatitis and Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatohepatitis (2025) · cites this paper as [46]
The Results section, “Population Disparities and Influence of Disease Etiology in Advanced HCC Trials” (page unavailable), reports greater pooled OS benefit from ICIs in viral than nonviral HCC, including benefit in HBV-related HCC. It includes CheckMate-459 and KEYNOTE-240 but not COSMIC-312, and it does not conclude that reduced benefit in nonviral HCC was a major cause of the named trials’ negative OS outcomes. (LLM, conf=0.88)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Metabolic-related fatty liver disease aetiology might be associated with decreased response to immune-checkpoint inhibitors because of immunological traits that hamper antitumour surveillance.
“Results from other studies suggest that a metabolic-related fatty liver disease-related aetiology might be related to a decreased response owing to unique immunological traits hampering antitumoural surveillance11,101.”
From Adjuvant and neoadjuvant immunotherapies in hepatocellular carcinoma (2024) · cites this paper as [11]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
In KEYNOTE-240, only a small number of patients with HCV-HCC were recruited (15.5% of all).
“Only a small number of patients with HCV-HCC were recruited (15.5% of all).”
From Etiology-Based Treatment for Unresectable/Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Focus on Viral Hepatitis and Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatohepatitis (2025) · cites this paper as [46]
The Results section on population disparities includes KEYNOTE-240 in an etiology-based meta-analysis but gives no HCV-specific recruitment count or percentage for that trial. Searches for “15.5%” and KEYNOTE-240 HCV enrollment found no passage in our copy substantiating the claimed proportion; page numbers were not available. (LLM, conf=0.72)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

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Brivanib as adjuvant therapy to transarterial chemoembolization in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma: A randomized phase III trial
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Transarterial Chemoembolization for Unresectable Hepatocellular Carcinoma with Portal Vein Tumor Thrombosis: A Prospective Comparative Study
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IMbrave150: Updated overall survival (OS) data from a global, randomized, open-label phase III study of atezolizumab (atezo) + bevacizumab (bev) versus sorafenib (sor) in patients (pts) with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).
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Sorafenib plus low-dose cisplatin and fluorouracil hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy versus sorafenib alone in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (SILIUS): a randomised, open label, phase 3 trial
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Objective response by mRECIST as a predictor and potential surrogate end-point of overall survival in advanced HCC
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High-dose tamoxifen in the treatment of inoperable hepatocellular carcinoma: A multicenter randomized controlled trial
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Orantinib versus placebo combined with transcatheter arterial chemoembolisation in patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (ORIENTAL): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicentre, phase 3 study
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Sorafenib with or without concurrent transarterial chemoembolization in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma: The phase III STAH trial
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Phase III HEAT Study Adding Lyso-Thermosensitive Liposomal Doxorubicin to Radiofrequency Ablation in Patients with Unresectable Hepatocellular Carcinoma Lesions
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Long-Term Results of a Randomized, Observation-Controlled, Phase III Trial of Adjuvant Interferon Alfa-2b in Hepatocellular Carcinoma After Curative Resection
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Effect of vitamin K2 on the recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma
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Assessment of Treatment With Sorafenib Plus Doxorubicin vs Sorafenib Alone in Patients With Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma
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Transarterial chemotherapy alone versus transarterial chemoembolization for hepatocellular carcinoma: A randomized phase III trial
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Pravastatin combination with Sorafenib does not improve survival in advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma.
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Peretinoin after curative therapy of hepatitis C-related hepatocellular carcinoma: a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled study
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Multicentre randomised phase III trial comparing Tamoxifen alone or with Transarterial Lipiodol Chemoembolisation for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma in cirrhotic patients (Fédération Francophone de Cancérologie Digestive 9402)
Doffoël, M., Bonnetain, F., Bouché, O., Vetter, D., Abergel, A., Fratté, S., Grangé, J., Stremsdoerfer, N., Blanchi, A., Bronowicki, J., et al. (2008) · European Journal of Cancer · doi:10.1016/j.ejca.2008.01.004 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
PRIME-HCC: phase Ib study of neoadjuvant ipilimumab and nivolumab prior to liver resection for hepatocellular carcinoma
Pinato, D. J., Cortellini, A., Sukumaran, A., Cole, T., Pai, M., Habib, N., Spalding, D., Sodergren, M. H., Martinez, M., Dhillon, T., et al. (2021) · BMC Cancer · doi:10.1186/s12885-021-08033-x · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Transarterial chemoembolization with miriplatin vs. epirubicin for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma: a phase III randomized trial
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Perspectives on the Neoadjuvant Use of Immunotherapy in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Pinato, D. J., Fessas, P., Sapisochin, G., & Marron, T. U. (2021) · Hepatology · doi:10.1002/hep.31697 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Treatment of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma with long-acting octreotide: A phase III multicentre, randomised, double blind placebo-controlled study
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Proliferation Markers Are Associated with MET Expression in Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Predict Tivantinib Sensitivity In Vitro
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S-1 versus placebo in patients with sorafenib-refractory advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (S-CUBE): a randomised, double-blind, multicentre, phase 3 trial
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Doxorubicin-loaded nanoparticles for patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma after sorafenib treatment failure (RELIVE): a phase 3 randomised controlled trial
Merle, P., Blanc, J., Phelip, J., Pelletier, G., Bronowicki, J., Touchefeu, Y., Pageaux, G., Gerolami, R., Habersetzer, F., Nguyen-Khac, É., et al. (2019) · The Lancet. Gastroenterology & hepatology · doi:10.1016/s2468-1253(19)30040-8 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
A randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, phase 3 study of tivantinib in Japanese patients with MET‐high hepatocellular carcinoma
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Randomised double-blind trial of megestrol acetate vs placebo in treatment-naive advanced hepatocellular carcinoma
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Efficacy of the combination of long-acting release octreotide and tamoxifen in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma: a randomised multicentre phase III study
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Thymostimulin versus placebo for palliative treatment of locally advanced or metastasised hepatocellular carcinoma: a phase III clinical trial
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AASLD Practice Guidance on prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma
Singal, A. G., Llovet, J. M., Yarchoan, M., Mehta, N., Heimbach, J. K., Dawson, L. A., Jou, J. H., Kulik, L. M., Agopian, V. G., Marrero, J. A., et al. (2023) · Hepatology · doi:10.1097/hep.0000000000000466 · Cited by 2,052 · see citing works
“[160] Despite higher rates of perioperative complications (post-hepatectomy liver failure, prolonged length of hospitalization) and morbidity, a meta-analysis of nine studies comparing outcomes of curative therapy in NAFLD and non-NAFLD HCC reported improved disease-free and OS after liver…”
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Immunotherapies for hepatocellular carcinoma
Llovet, J. M., Castet, F., Heikenwalder, M., Maini, M. K., Mazzaferro, V., Pinato, D. J., Pikarsky, E., Zhu, A. X., & Finn, R. S. (2022) · Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1038/s41571-021-00573-2 · Cited by 1,843 · see citing works
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Global trends in hepatocellular carcinoma epidemiology: implications for screening, prevention and therapy
Singal, A. G., Kanwal, F., & Llovet, J. M. (2023) · Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1038/s41571-023-00825-3 · Cited by 1,008 · see citing works
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Evolving therapeutic landscape of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma
Yang, C. G., Zhang, H., Zhang, L., Zhu, A. X., Bernards, R., Qin, W., & Wang, C. (2022) · Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology · doi:10.1038/s41575-022-00704-9 · Cited by 740 · see citing works
The liver cancer immune microenvironment: Therapeutic implications for hepatocellular carcinoma
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Molecular pathogenesis and systemic therapies for hepatocellular carcinoma
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Adjuvant and neoadjuvant immunotherapies in hepatocellular carcinoma
Llovet, J. M., Pinyol, R., Yarchoan, M., Singal, A. G., Marron, T. U., Schwartz, M., Pikarsky, E., Kudo, M., & Finn, R. S. (2024) · Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1038/s41571-024-00868-0 · Cited by 391 · see citing works
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Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis-related hepatocellular carcinoma: pathogenesis and treatment
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Liver diseases: epidemiology, causes, trends and predictions
Gan, C., Yuan, Y., Shen, H., Gao, J., Kong, X., Che, Z., Guo, Y., Wang, H., Dong, E., & Xiao, J. (2025) · Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy · doi:10.1038/s41392-024-02072-z · Cited by 370 · see citing works
NAFLD-driven HCC: Safety and efficacy of current and emerging treatment options.
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CXCR2 inhibition enables NASH-HCC immunotherapy
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Critical Appraisal of Guideline Recommendations on Systemic Therapies for Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Review
Cappuyns, S., Corbett, V., Yarchoan, M., Finn, R. S., & Llovet, J. M. (2024) · JAMA Oncology · doi:10.1001/jamaoncol.2023.2677 · Cited by 167 · see citing works
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MASLD and the Development of HCC: Pathogenesis and Therapeutic Challenges
Phoolchund, A. G. S., & Khakoo, S. (2024) · Cancers · doi:10.3390/cancers16020259 · Cited by 127 · see citing works
SCD1 is the critical signaling hub to mediate metabolic diseases: Mechanism and the development of its inhibitors
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Artificial intelligence predicts immune and inflammatory gene signatures directly from hepatocellular carcinoma histology
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NASH and Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Immunology and Immunotherapy
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Real-world efficacy and safety of TACE plus camrelizumab and apatinib in patients with HCC (CHANCE2211): a propensity score matching study
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Hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma in the era of chemo-diversity
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Cabozantinib Enhances Anti-PD1 Activity and Elicits a Neutrophil-Based Immune Response in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Esteban-Fabró, R., Willoughby, C. E., Piqué‐Gili, M., Montironi, C., Abril‐Fornaguera, J., Peix, J., Torrens, L., Mesropian, A., Balaseviciute, U., Miró‐Mur, F., et al. (2022) · Clinical Cancer Research · doi:10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-21-2517 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
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Prognostic impact of C-reactive protein and alpha-fetoprotein in immunotherapy score in hepatocellular carcinoma patients treated with atezolizumab plus bevacizumab: a multicenter retrospective study
Hatanaka, T., Kakizaki, S., Hiraoka, A., Tada, T., Hirooka, M., Kariyama, K., Tani, J., Atsukawa, M., Takaguchi, K., Itobayashi, E., et al. (2022) · Hepatology International · doi:10.1007/s12072-022-10358-z · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma:Insights in epidemiology, pathogenesis, imaging, prevention and therapy
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APASL clinical practice guidelines on systemic therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma-2024
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Clinically approved combination immunotherapy: Current status, limitations, and future perspective
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Atezolizumab plus bevacizumab in unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma: Results from a German real‐world cohort
Jost‐Brinkmann, F., Demir, M., Wree, A., Luedde, T., Loosen, S. H., Müller, T., Tacke, F., Roderburg, C., & Mohr, R. U. (2023) · Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1111/apt.17441 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Integrated omics landscape of hepatocellular carcinoma suggests proteomic subtypes for precision therapy
Xing, X., Hu, E., Ouyang, J., Zhong, X., Wang, F., Liu, K., Cai, L., Zhou, Y., Wang, Y., Chen, G., et al. (2023) · Cell Reports Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.xcrm.2023.101315 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Neoadjuvant and adjuvant systemic therapy in HCC: Current status and the future
Singal, A. G., Yarchoan, M. M., Yopp, A. C., Sapisochín, G., Pinato, D. J., & Pillai, A. A. (2024) · Hepatology Communications · doi:10.1097/hc9.0000000000000430 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Disease Etiology and Outcomes After Atezolizumab Plus Bevacizumab in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Post-Hoc Analysis of IMbrave150
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Association between antibiotics and adverse oncological outcomes in patients receiving targeted or immune-based therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma
Pinato, D. J., Li, X., Mishra-Kalyani, P. S., D’Alessio, A., Fulgenzi, C. A. M., Scheiner, B., Pinter, M., Wei, G., Schneider, J., Rivera, D. R. R., et al. (2023) · JHEP Reports · doi:10.1016/j.jhepr.2023.100747 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Objective Response Predicts Survival in Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma Treated with Systemic Therapies
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PSMA as a Theranostic Target in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Immunohistochemistry and 68Ga‐PSMA‐11 PET Using Cyclotron‐Produced 68Ga
Thompson, S. M., Suman, G., Torbenson, M. S., Chen, Z. E., Jondal, D. E., Patra, A., Ehman, E. C., Andrews, J. C., Fleming, C. J., Welch, B. T., et al. (2021) · Hepatology Communications · doi:10.1002/hep4.1861 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Outcomes in the Asian subgroup of the phase III randomised HIMALAYA study of tremelimumab plus durvalumab in unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma
Lau, G. K. K., Abou‐Alfa, G. K., Cheng, A., Sukeepaisarnjaroen, W., Dao, T. V., Kang, Y., Thungappa, S. C., Kudo, M., Sangro, B., Kelley, R. K., et al. (2024) · Journal of Hepatology · doi:10.1016/j.jhep.2024.07.017 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
The Synergistic Effect of Interventional Locoregional Treatments and Immunotherapy for the Treatment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Brandi, N., & Renzulli, M. (2023) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms24108598 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Distinct alterations of gut microbiota between viral- and non-viral-related hepatocellular carcinoma
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Authors: Haber, P. K., Puigvehí, M., Castet, F., Lourdusamy, V., Montal, R., Tabrizian, P., Buckstein, M., Kim, E., Villanueva, A., Schwartz, M., & Llovet, J. M.
Affiliations: Tisch Cancer Institute (US)
Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (ES)
Hospital Clínic de Barcelona (ES)
Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova (ES)
Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ES)
Corresponding author: Llovet, Josep M.
ORCID: Haber, Philipp K.
Puigvehí, Marc
Castet, Florian
Lourdusamy, Vennis
Montal, Robert
Tabrizian, Parissa
Buckstein, Michael
Kim, Edward
Villanueva, Augusto
Schwartz, Myron
Llovet, Josep M.
Venue: Gastroenterology
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2021-09
Volume: 161
Issue: 3
Pages: 879-898
ISSN: 0016-5085 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2021.06.008
PMC: PMC12276942
OpenAlex: W3169705253
Cited by: 248
References: 82
Citations by year: 2026: 33 · 2025: 42 · 2024: 52 · 2023: 67 · 2022: 39 · 2021: 13
FWCI: 5.57
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
www.elsevier.com/legal/tdmrep-license (tdm)
Locations: Gastroenterology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Repositori digital de la UPF (Universitat Pompeu Fabra) (submittedVersion)
Funders: U.S. Department of Defense (CA150272P3)
National Cancer Institute (P30 CA19652, R01 CK 128289-01)
Samuel Waxman Cancer Research Foundation
California Department of Fish and Game
Agència de Gestió d'Ajuts Universitaris i de Recerca (SGR-1358)
Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (SAF-2016-76390)
Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (HA 8754/1-1)
Fundación Científica Asociación Española Contra el Cáncer
Generalitat de Catalunya
Asociación Española para el Estudio del Hígado
Cancer Research UK
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Hepatology › Hepatocellular Carcinoma Treatment and Prognosis
Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Colorectal Cancer Treatments and Studies
Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Renal cell carcinoma treatment
Keywords: hepatocellular carcinoma, systemic therapy, tyrosine kinase inhibitors, immune checkpoint inhibitors, viral hepatitis etiology, sorafenib, lenvatinib, atezolizumab, bevacizumab, regorafenib, cabozantinib, ramucirumab, adjuvant therapy, treatment response
MeSH terms: Progression-Free Survival, Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors, Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols, Carcinoma, Hepatocellular, Humans, Immunotherapy, Liver Neoplasms, Neoplasm Staging, Time Factors, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Chemoembolization, Therapeutic, Chemotherapy, Adjuvant, Clinical Trials, Phase III as Topic, Disease Progression, Radiopharmaceuticals, Evidence-Based Medicine, Neoadjuvant Therapy, Ablation Techniques

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