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Cited by 20Dental Education, Practice, ResearchHealth and Medical Research ImpactsHealth Sciences Research and Education

Dental Practice-Based Research Networks (D-PBRN) worldwide: a scoping review.

Open access
Canceill, Thibault, Monsarrat, Paul, Faure-Clement, Edouard, Tohme, Marie, Vergnes, Jean-Noël, Grosgogeat, Brigitte·2021·Journal of Dentistry
DOI 10.1016/j.jdent.2020.103523
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Abstract

OBJECTIVES For more than twenty years, dental practice-based research networks (D-PBRN) have helped to structure clinical research in private practice. They bring together practitioners working in several structures and may include a greater number of subjects. The aims of this study were thus to systematically explore the scientific production from dental private practices in general and to map and describe the D-PBRN activity worldwide. DATA SOURCES Two research procedures were carried out in parallel. The first was conducted as a scoping review to examine peer-reviewed literature indexed in the PubMed database and the second was performed on the World Wide Web to identify the main characteristics of the networks (location, scientific production…). STUDY SELECTION 368 publications were identified among which 202 were published by PBRN members and the others by private practitioners not affiliated to any network. 210 (57% of the included articles) were produced in the USA. A higher number of diverse centers are involved in each study when it is conducted by a PBRN (59.06 ± 66.59 vs. 13.51 ± 31.58 for networks and independent teams, respectively; p < 0.01). 24 D-PBRN were identified, a majority being based in the USA and 8 in Europe. CONCLUSIONS Although dental practice-based research has grown over the years, the number of D-PBRN worldwide remains low. Even if it requires some investment to produce research in dental offices, this type of networks helps to fill the gap betwe…

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1016/j.jdent.2020.103523

Cites

41 of 41 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Nothing to recompute.

Claims the paper makes

18 of 54 cited sources checked · 4 supported · 1 flagged · accuracy not yet measured

  • Findingcitation

    The NDPBRN also includes a Scandinavian branch with practitioners based in Denmark, Sweden, and Norway.

    “The NDPBRN also includes a Scandinavian branch with practitioners based in Denmark, Sweden, and Norway [25].”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim1 of 1 sources checked
    • cites [25] 25. G.H. Gilbert, O.D. Williams, J.J. Korelitz, J.L. Fellows, V.V. Gordan, S.K. Makhija, C. Meyerowitz, T.W. Oates, D.B. Rindal, P.L. Benjamin, P.J. Foy, National Dental PBRN Collaborative Group, Purpose, structure, and function of the United States National Dental Practice-Based Research Network, J. Dent. 41 (2013) 1051-1059. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdent.2013.04.002. source

      Section 2.1 (page unavailable) identifies the network’s six regions as administratively based in Alabama, Florida, Minnesota, New York, Oregon, and Texas, and says all enrolled practitioners are associated with one of those regional centres. The paper’s description of the network’s structure is contrary to the claimed Scandinavian branch; it does not identify a branch in Denmark, Sweden, or Norway. (LLM, conf=0.84)

      Checked by a reasoning model — may be wrong.

      Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
  • Findingcitation

    The objective of the NDPBRN when it was inaugurated was to build a big American D-PBRN able to replace the CONDOR group.

    “The objective of the NDPBRN when it was inaugurated was to build a big American D-PBRN [25] able to replace the CONDOR group, i.e. a set of three networks spread over the US territory.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim1 of 1 sources checked
    • cites [25] 25. G.H. Gilbert, O.D. Williams, J.J. Korelitz, J.L. Fellows, V.V. Gordan, S.K. Makhija, C. Meyerowitz, T.W. Oates, D.B. Rindal, P.L. Benjamin, P.J. Foy, National Dental PBRN Collaborative Group, Purpose, structure, and function of the United States National Dental Practice-Based Research Network, J. Dent. 41 (2013) 1051-1059. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdent.2013.04.002. source

      The Introduction (page unavailable) says the National Dental PBRN began operation in April 2012 as a single, unified US network following three regional dental PBRNs. It does not identify those networks as the CONDOR group or state that replacing CONDOR was an objective. (LLM, conf=0.83)

      Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
  • Findingcitation

    The three networks PEARL, Northwest PRECEDENT, and DPBRN are not active separately as they have been included in the NDPBRN in 2012.

    “Nowadays, the three are not active separately as they have been included in the NDPBRN in 2012 [25].”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim1 of 1 sources checked
    • cites [25] 25. G.H. Gilbert, O.D. Williams, J.J. Korelitz, J.L. Fellows, V.V. Gordan, S.K. Makhija, C. Meyerowitz, T.W. Oates, D.B. Rindal, P.L. Benjamin, P.J. Foy, National Dental PBRN Collaborative Group, Purpose, structure, and function of the United States National Dental Practice-Based Research Network, J. Dent. 41 (2013) 1051-1059. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdent.2013.04.002. source

      The Introduction says three regional dental PBRNs were funded through 2012 and that the next phase operated as a single, unified national network rather than separate regional PBRNs, beginning in April 2012. Our copy does not identify those three networks as PEARL, Northwest PRECEDENT, and DPBRN, so the named-network part of the claim is not verified by this source. (LLM, conf=0.84)

      Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
  • Findingcitation

    Four networks identified by Google searches were excluded.

    “Four were excluded, 3 because they did not include private practitioners [20,21], and Arbeitskreis Zahnärztliche Therapie (Germany) [22]).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim1 of 3 sources checked
    • cites [20] 20. P.D. Wong, C.S. Birken, P.C. Parkin, I. Venu, Y. Chen, R.J. Schroth, J.L. Maguire, TARGet Kids! Collaboration, Total Breast-Feeding Duration and Dental Caries in Healthy Urban Children, Acad. Pediatr. 17 (2017) 310-315. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.acap.2016.10.021. source

      The Subject Recruitment and Data Collection section describes excluding children with specified health conditions, not excluding networks. A search of our copy for Google searches, private practitioners, and the named German network found no passage addressing the claimed four exclusions. (LLM, conf=0.76)

      Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
    • cites [21] 21. D. Darmawikarta, Y. Chen, S. Carsley, C.S. Birken, P.C. Parkin, R.J. Schroth, J.L. Maguire, TARGet Kids! Collaboration, Factors associated with dental care utilization in early childhood, Pediatrics. 133 (2014) e1594-1600. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2013- 3725. source
    • cites [22] 22. R.J. Wierichs, E.J. Kramer, T.G. Wolf, M. Naumann, H. Meyer-Lueckel, Longevity of composite build-ups without posts-10-year results of a practice-based study, Clin. Oral Investig. 23 (2019) 1435-1442. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-018-2565-0. source
  • Interpretationcitation

    The NDPBRN is considered the biggest network in the world due to its presence throughout the USA and in Northern Europe.

    “The majority of these networks are based in the United States of America (Figure 4), including the NDPBRN which is considered as the biggest network in the world due to its presence throughout the USA and in Northern Europe, but also because it is the network that has included the most patients and involved the most practitioners since its creation in 2012 (Table 2) [25].”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim1 of 1 sources checked
    • cites [25] 25. G.H. Gilbert, O.D. Williams, J.J. Korelitz, J.L. Fellows, V.V. Gordan, S.K. Makhija, C. Meyerowitz, T.W. Oates, D.B. Rindal, P.L. Benjamin, P.J. Foy, National Dental PBRN Collaborative Group, Purpose, structure, and function of the United States National Dental Practice-Based Research Network, J. Dent. 41 (2013) 1051-1059. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdent.2013.04.002. source

      The Introduction says the unified National Dental PBRN began operation in April 2012, and Methods §2.1 lists six U.S. regional centres. Results §3.1 reports 2,539 enrolled practicing dentists and hygienists as of March 31, 2013. The paper does not establish a presence in Northern Europe or compare the network with others to support the claims that it was the world's biggest or had involved the most patients and practitioners. (LLM, conf=0.86)

      Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
  • May combine two claims. 39
  • Classified as probably not a substantial claim. 45

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingcitation

    The NDPBRN is the network that has included the most patients and involved the most practitioners since its creation in 2012.

    “The majority of these networks are based in the United States of America (Figure 4), including the NDPBRN which is considered as the biggest network in the world due to its presence throughout the USA and in Northern Europe, but also because it is the network that has included the most patients and involved the most practitioners since its creation in 2012 (Table 2) [25].”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim1 of 1 sources checked
    • cites [25] 25. G.H. Gilbert, O.D. Williams, J.J. Korelitz, J.L. Fellows, V.V. Gordan, S.K. Makhija, C. Meyerowitz, T.W. Oates, D.B. Rindal, P.L. Benjamin, P.J. Foy, National Dental PBRN Collaborative Group, Purpose, structure, and function of the United States National Dental Practice-Based Research Network, J. Dent. 41 (2013) 1051-1059. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdent.2013.04.002. source

      The Introduction says the National Dental PBRN began operation in April 2012, and Results §3.1 reports 2,539 practicing dentists and hygienists enrolled by March 2013. The paper does not establish that it involved more practitioners or included more patients than any other network. Its reference to thousands of patients concerns the predecessor regional networks, not the national network since 2012. (LLM, conf=0.86)

      Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Study design and conductcitation

    The PRISMA-ScR guideline (PRISMA extension for Scoping Reviews) has been followed.

    “The PRISMA-ScR guideline (PRISMA extension for Scoping Reviews) has been followed [8].”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim1 of 1 sources checked
    • cites [8] 8. A.C. Tricco, E. Lillie, W. Zarin, K.K. O'Brien, H. Colquhoun, D. Levac, D. Moher, M.D.J. Peters, T. Horsley, L. Weeks, S. Hempel, E.A. Akl, C. Chang, J. McGowan, L. Stewart, L. Hartling, A. Aldcroft, M.G. Wilson, C. Garritty, S. Lewin, C.M. Godfrey, M.T. Macdonald, E.V. Langlois, K. Soares-Weiser, J. Moriarty, T. Clifford, Ö. Tunçalp, S.E. Straus, PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR): Checklist and Explanation, Ann. Intern. Med. 169 (2018) 467. https://doi.org/10.7326/M18-0850. source

  • Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

    Premisecitation

    Practice-based research networks strive to generate results that are relevant to both patients and clinicians, by comparing interventions among participants and representative settings of usual care.

    “These networks strive to generate results that are relevant to both patients and clinicians, by comparing interventions among participants and representative settings of usual care [2].”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim1 of 1 sources checked
    • cites [2] 2. T.W. Concannon, J.-M. Guise, R.J. Dolor, P. Meissner, S. Tunis, J.A. Krishnan, W.D. Pace, J. Saltz, W.R. Hersh, L. Michener, T.S. Carey, A national strategy to develop pragmatic clinical trials infrastructure, Clin. Transl. Sci. 7 (2014) 164-171. https://doi.org/10.1111/cts.12143. source

      The Background says pragmatic clinical trials strive to produce results relevant to patients and clinicians by comparing interventions in participants and settings representative of usual care. It lists practice-based research networks as supporting such trials, but does not specifically attribute that aim or comparison method to the networks themselves. No page number is available in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.88)

      Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingcitation

    The NDPBRN have a complex organization with many entities, each one in charge of good functioning for practitioner recruitment, protocol conception, and any other network branch.

    “The NDPBRN have a complex organization with many entities, each one in charge of good functioning for practitioner recruitment, protocol conception, and any other network branch [25,28].”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim1 of 2 sources checked
    • cites [25] 25. G.H. Gilbert, O.D. Williams, J.J. Korelitz, J.L. Fellows, V.V. Gordan, S.K. Makhija, C. Meyerowitz, T.W. Oates, D.B. Rindal, P.L. Benjamin, P.J. Foy, National Dental PBRN Collaborative Group, Purpose, structure, and function of the United States National Dental Practice-Based Research Network, J. Dent. 41 (2013) 1051-1059. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdent.2013.04.002. source
    • cites [28] 28. G.H. Gilbert, O.D. Williams, D.B. Rindal, D.J. Pihlstrom, P.L. Benjamin, M.C. Wallace, DPBRN Collaborative Group, The creation and development of the dental practice- based research network, J. Am. Dent. Assoc. 1939. 139 (2008) 74-81. source

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingcitation

    Another identified network is based in Canada (TARGet Kids!) but is not specifically a dental PBRN because it is composed of medical doctors, essentially pediatricians, who have performed some studies on dental topics concerning, for instance, caries status in childhood.

    “Finally another identified network is based in Canada (TARGet Kids!) but is not specifically a dental PBRN because it is composed of medical doctors, essentially pediatricians, who have performed some studies on dental topics concerning, for instance, caries status in childhood [20,21].”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim1 of 2 sources checked
    • cites [20] 20. P.D. Wong, C.S. Birken, P.C. Parkin, I. Venu, Y. Chen, R.J. Schroth, J.L. Maguire, TARGet Kids! Collaboration, Total Breast-Feeding Duration and Dental Caries in Healthy Urban Children, Acad. Pediatr. 17 (2017) 310-315. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.acap.2016.10.021. source
    • cites [21] 21. D. Darmawikarta, Y. Chen, S. Carsley, C.S. Birken, P.C. Parkin, R.J. Schroth, J.L. Maguire, TARGet Kids! Collaboration, Factors associated with dental care utilization in early childhood, Pediatrics. 133 (2014) e1594-1600. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2013- 3725. source

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S3 (load-bearing).

    Premisecitation

    A strong management team is needed to recruit and motivate for a long period practitioners willing to get involved in studies.

    “A strong management team is needed to recruit and motivate for a long period practitioners willing to get involved in studies [25].”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim1 of 1 sources checked
    • cites [25] 25. G.H. Gilbert, O.D. Williams, J.J. Korelitz, J.L. Fellows, V.V. Gordan, S.K. Makhija, C. Meyerowitz, T.W. Oates, D.B. Rindal, P.L. Benjamin, P.J. Foy, National Dental PBRN Collaborative Group, Purpose, structure, and function of the United States National Dental Practice-Based Research Network, J. Dent. 41 (2013) 1051-1059. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdent.2013.04.002. source

      The Methods (section 2.4, page unavailable) describe recruiting practitioners into the network and into specific studies, while the Results (section 3.2, page unavailable) describe annual meetings and other ways to encourage participation. The administrative-structure section (2.5, page unavailable) describes committees that coordinate interactions with practitioners. The paper does not establish that a strong management team is needed to sustain practitioners’ motivation over a long period. (LLM, conf=0.81)

      Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingcitation

    The first of the inactive US-networks to be created was the CROWN network, located in Ohio, and founded in 1998.

    “Among which the first to be created was the CROWN network, located in Ohio, and founded in 1998 [19].”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim1 of 1 sources checked
    • cites [19] 19. F.A. Curro, D. Vena, F. Naftolin, L. Terracio, V.P. Thompson, The PBRN initiative: transforming new technologies to improve patient care, J. Dent. Res. 91 (2012) 12S-20S. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022034512447948. source

      The Introduction identifies CROWN as based in Cleveland, Ohio, and says it began in 1998 as the Direct Observation Study of Prevention in Dental Practice. It does not establish that CROWN was the first of the inactive US networks to be created or describe it as inactive. (LLM, conf=0.86)

      Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

    Study design and conductcitation

    These studies were included in the analysis because they are fully oriented toward dental research, especially in the field of epidemiology, to identify factors associated with tooth cavities development and dental care needs, and thus presented no argument for exclusion.

    “These studies were included in our analysis because they are fully oriented toward dental research, especially in the field of epidemiology, to identify factors associated with tooth cavities development and dental care needs [20,21], and thus presented no argument for exclusion.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim1 of 2 sources checked
    • cites [20] 20. P.D. Wong, C.S. Birken, P.C. Parkin, I. Venu, Y. Chen, R.J. Schroth, J.L. Maguire, TARGet Kids! Collaboration, Total Breast-Feeding Duration and Dental Caries in Healthy Urban Children, Acad. Pediatr. 17 (2017) 310-315. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.acap.2016.10.021. source

      The Introduction and Statistical Analysis sections show that this is a study of factors associated with dental caries in young urban children, supporting its identification as dental epidemiology research. The paper recommends preventive dental guidance, but it does not study or identify dental care needs as an outcome. The citing authors’ decision to include the study is their own, not a finding attributed to this source. (LLM, conf=0.82)

      Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
    • cites [21] 21. D. Darmawikarta, Y. Chen, S. Carsley, C.S. Birken, P.C. Parkin, R.J. Schroth, J.L. Maguire, TARGet Kids! Collaboration, Factors associated with dental care utilization in early childhood, Pediatrics. 133 (2014) e1594-1600. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2013- 3725. source

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Findingnone given

    The South Texas Oral Health Network (STOHN) was founded in 2008.

    “The South Texas Oral Health Network (STOHN), founded in 2008, is the second network in terms of included patients but for instance, due to a smaller region of influence, it has developed less study than the NDPBRN.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Findingown data

    Of the 938 articles retrieved, 555 were rejected for meeting at least one exclusion criterion.

    “PubMed search strategy retrieved 938 articles, of which 555 were rejected for meeting at least one exclusion criterion and 15 were found to be duplicates (Figure 1).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Findingown data

    15 articles were found to be duplicates.

    “PubMed search strategy retrieved 938 articles, of which 555 were rejected for meeting at least one exclusion criterion and 15 were found to be duplicates (Figure 1).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Findingnone given

    The first D-PBRN was created in the United States in 1976 (Clinical Research Associate, CRA).

    “The first was created in the United States in 1976 (Clinical Research Associate, CRA) but most of them have appeared since the 2000's.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Findingcitation

    The CRA is specialized in dental biomaterials evaluation both clinically and in vitro.

    “This network is specialized in dental biomaterials evaluation both clinically and in vitro [17].”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites [17] 17. F.J.T. Burke, Evaluating restorative materials and procedures in dental practice, Adv. Dent. Res. 18 (2005) 46-49. https://doi.org/10.1177/154407370501800304. source

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingnone given

    Studies performed on patients in the different regions deal with oral health and general diseases and the link between the two.

    “Studies that are performed on patients in the different regions deal with oral health and general diseases and the link between the two.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingown data

    The overall number of publications increased over time, with 72 articles between 2000 and 2009 and 277 between 2010 and 2019.

    “The overall number of publications increased over time with 72 articles between 2000 and 2009 and 277 between 2010 and 2019.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Findingown data

    The PubMed search strategy retrieved 938 articles.

    “PubMed search strategy retrieved 938 articles, of which 555 were rejected for meeting at least one exclusion criterion and 15 were found to be duplicates (Figure 1).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Findingnone given

    Most D-PBRN have appeared since the 2000's.

    “The first was created in the United States in 1976 (Clinical Research Associate, CRA) but most of them have appeared since the 2000's.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingcitation

    The oldest group of practice-based researchers in the world, the CRA, is located in the USA and was founded in 1976 by Gordon Christensen.

    “The oldest group of practice-based researchers in the world, the CRA, is also located in the USA and was founded in 1976 by Gordon Christensen [17].”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites [17] 17. F.J.T. Burke, Evaluating restorative materials and procedures in dental practice, Adv. Dent. Res. 18 (2005) 46-49. https://doi.org/10.1177/154407370501800304. source

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Findingreasoning

    Some articles may be posted on websites without being accessible on the Internet (articles published in national journals).

    “and conversely some articles may be posted on websites without being accessible on the Internet (articles published in national journals).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Findingnone given

    Practitioners who are network members are often considered as subjects themselves when they are asked to answer surveys on their daily practice.

    “Practitioners who are network members are often considered as subjects themselves when they are asked to answer surveys on their daily practice.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Findingreasoning

    The previous listed networks receive grants from external public and/or private structures.

    “Specialized in surgery, it is directly funded by the association itself, while the previous listed networks receive grants from external public and/or private structures.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingcitation

    The Product Research and Evaluation by Practitioners Panel (PREPP), founded in 1993, is the oldest UK network and has performed 50 studies in the field of biomaterials.

    “The Product Research and Evaluation by Practitioners Panel (PREPP), founded in 1993, is the oldest and has performed 50 studies in the field of biomaterials [17,29,30].”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 3 sources checked
    • cites [17] 17. F.J.T. Burke, Evaluating restorative materials and procedures in dental practice, Adv. Dent. Res. 18 (2005) 46-49. https://doi.org/10.1177/154407370501800304. source
    • cites [29] 29. F.J.T. Burke, R.J. Crisp, Twenty years of handling evaluations and practice-based research by the PREP Panel, Dent. Update. 40 (2013) 339-341. https://doi.org/10.12968/denu.2013.40.4.339. source
    • cites [30] 30. F.J.T. Burke, R.J. Crisp, A practice-based assessment of patients' knowledge of dental materials, Br. Dent. J. 219 (2015) 577-582. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.bdj.2015.956. source

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Findingnone given

    The last dental network is the Applied Research through Clinicians' Hands DPBRN (ARCH), located in New-Zealand.

    “The last dental network is the Applied Research through Clinicians' Hands DPBRN (ARCH), located in New-Zealand.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

    Findingcitation

    BRIDGE was founded in 2000, and its research topics relate to radiology, caries treatments, fixed prosthesis, and job satisfaction.

    “Founded in 2000, research topics relate to radiology, caries treatments, fixed prosthesis, and job satisfaction [17].”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites [17] 17. F.J.T. Burke, Evaluating restorative materials and procedures in dental practice, Adv. Dent. Res. 18 (2005) 46-49. https://doi.org/10.1177/154407370501800304. source

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingnone given

    The NGDPBRN in Netherlands and the ORONet in Italy do not appear to be active anymore.

    “The final two (the NGDPBRN in Netherlands [18] and the ORONet in Italy which was created in 1996 and grouped practitioners from Italy, France, Netherlands, Finland, Canada, and USA in studies specifically oriented in prosthodontics [16]) do not appear to be active anymore.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 2 sources checked
    • cites [18] 18. K. Collares, N.J.M. Opdam, M. Laske, E.M. Bronkhorst, F.F. Demarco, M.B. Correa, M.C.D.N.J.M. Huysmans, Longevity of Anterior Composite Restorations in a General Dental Practice-Based Network, J. Dent. Res. 96 (2017) 1092-1099. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022034517717681. source
    • cites [16] 16. F. Bassi, A.B. Carr, T.-L. Chang, E. Estafanous, N.R. Garrett, R.-P. Happonen, S. Koka, J. Laine, M. Osswald, H. Reintsema, J. Rieger, E. Roumanas, E. Estafanous, T.J. Salinas, C.M. Stanford, J. Wolfaardt, Oral Rehabilitation Outcomes Network-ORONet, Int. J. Prosthodont. 26 (2013) 319-322. source

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Findingnone given

    Many included articles in the analysis are not published on the sites of their own networks.

    “It has been noted that many included articles in the analysis are not published on the sites of their own networks”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingown data

    The AZT network in Germany seems to have important activity but does not appear clearly in the network analysis.

    “The AZT in Germany for example seems to have an important activity; however it does not appear clearly in our network analysis.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingnone given

    In the rest of the world, one network was collated in Japan, one in Australia, and one in New-Zealand.

    “In the rest of the world, one network was collated in Japan, one in Australia, and one in New-Zealand.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingcitation

    ORONet was created in 1996 and grouped practitioners from Italy, France, Netherlands, Finland, Canada, and USA in studies specifically oriented in prosthodontics.

    “The final two (the NGDPBRN in Netherlands [18] and the ORONet in Italy which was created in 1996 and grouped practitioners from Italy, France, Netherlands, Finland, Canada, and USA in studies specifically oriented in prosthodontics [16]) do not appear to be active anymore.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites [16] 16. F. Bassi, A.B. Carr, T.-L. Chang, E. Estafanous, N.R. Garrett, R.-P. Happonen, S. Koka, J. Laine, M. Osswald, H. Reintsema, J. Rieger, E. Roumanas, E. Estafanous, T.J. Salinas, C.M. Stanford, J. Wolfaardt, Oral Rehabilitation Outcomes Network-ORONet, Int. J. Prosthodont. 26 (2013) 319-322. source

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingreasoning

    The network is thus managed from the parent structure and research is conducted entirely or partly externally in private practice.

    “The network is thus managed from the parent structure and research is conducted entirely or partly externally in private practice.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Findingreasoning

    In these cases, no follow-up is established over time.

    “In these cases, no follow-up is established over time.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingcitation

    The NDPBRN based in the USA also includes practitioners in Sweden, Denmark, and Norway, who were originally part of the DPBRN and continue to fully participate in the studies.

    “The NDPBRN based in the USA also includes practitioners in Sweden, Denmark, and Norway, who were originally part of the DPBRN and continue to fully participate in the studies [10,[31][32][33].”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites [10,[31][32][33]

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based). May combine two claims.

    Findingnone given

    The Evidence Based Dentistry PBRN (EBD-PBRN) was founded in 2011 with the aim of bringing together international data on general diseases and biomaterials in order to draw conclusions with a high level of evidence.

    “The Evidence Based Dentistry PBRN (EBD-PBRN) was founded in 2011 with the aim of bringing together international data on general diseases and biomaterials in order to draw conclusions with a high level of evidence.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingcitation

    The Scottish Dental PBRN (SDPBRN) is more diversified with fields of research in oral health, caries treatments, and care quality; 18 studies have been performed since its creation in 1998.

    “The Scottish Dental PBRN (SDPBRN), also known as Glasgow Research Initiative in Dental Practice [17], is more diversified with fields of research in oral health, caries treatments, and care quality; 18 studies have been performed since its creation in 1998.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites [17] 17. F.J.T. Burke, Evaluating restorative materials and procedures in dental practice, Adv. Dent. Res. 18 (2005) 46-49. https://doi.org/10.1177/154407370501800304. source

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

    Findingnone given

    The Australian group is named eviDent and was created in 2011.

    “The Australian group is named eviDent and was created in 2011.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based).

    Findingreasoning

    It has become relatively easy for interested dentists to join a network by going directly to these groups' websites and filling out membership forms.

    “Nowadays, with the development of many networks around the world, it has become relatively easy for interested dentists to join a structure by going directly to these groups' websites and filling out membership forms.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingcitation

    Although few articles mention the matter of calibration among practitioners, some networks such as NDPBRN are highly concerned about their evaluators' calibration.

    “Although few articles mention the matter of calibration among practitioners, some networks such as NDPBRN are highly concerned about their evaluators' calibration [40].”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites [40] 40. M.W. Heft, M.S. Litaker, D.T. Kopycka-Kedzierawski, C. Meyerowitz, S. Chonowski, R.L. Yardic, V.V. Gordan, R. Mungia, G.H. Gilbert, National Dental PBRN Collaborative Group, Patient-Centered Dentinal Hypersensitivity Treatment Outcomes: Results from the National Dental PBRN, JDR Clin. Transl. Res. 3 (2018) 76-82. https://doi.org/10.1177/2380084417742099. source

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingcitation

    Three of the European networks are currently active: ReCOL in France, Arbeitskreis Zahnärztliche Therapie in Germany, and Ceramic Success Analysis (CSA), established in 1994.

    “Three of them are currently active: the ReCOL in France, the Arbeitskreis Zahnärztliche Therapie in Germany and the Ceramic Success Analysis (CSA), established in 1994.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingreasoning

    The number of practitioners engaged in research, the average number of included patients, and the duration of research is higher for studies developed outside a network.

    “It is interesting to note that the number of practitioners engaged in research, the average number of included patients, and the duration of research is higher for studies developed outside a network.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

    Findingnone given

    The Japanese network is called Dental PBRN Japan (JDPBRN) and was established in 2010 in order to pilot studies in Japan and studies in collaboration with the NDPBRN from the USA.

    “The Japanese one is called Dental PBRN Japan (JDPBRN) and was established in 2010 in order to pilot studies in Japan and studies in collaboration with the NDPBRN from the USA.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Findingcitation

    The Birmingham Research in Dental General PracticE Network (BRIDGE) is based in Birmingham University.

    “The third is the Birmingham Research in Dental General PracticE Network (BRIDGE), based in Birmingham University [17].”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites [17] 17. F.J.T. Burke, Evaluating restorative materials and procedures in dental practice, Adv. Dent. Res. 18 (2005) 46-49. https://doi.org/10.1177/154407370501800304. source

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingown data

    The AAOMS PBRN is specialized in surgery and is directly funded by the association itself.

    “Specialized in surgery, it is directly funded by the association itself, while the previous listed networks receive grants from external public and/or private structures.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based). May combine two claims.

    Findingnone given

    In the United States, 142 studies were funded in whole or in part by the National Institute for Health (NIH) via its branch the National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR), making NIH the organization that allocated the most funds to dental PBRN.

    “In the United States, 142 studies were funded in whole or in part by the National Institute for Health (NIH) via its branch the National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR), making NIH the organization that allocated the most funds to dental PBRN.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based).

    Findingnone given

    Independent private practitioners are also developing and conducting research projects.

    “Independent private practitioners are also developing and conducting research projects.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingreasoning

    The American Association of Orthodontists PBRN served as an advisor for the National Dental Practice-Based Network (NDPBRN) and thus did not produce research itself.

    “1 (American Association of Orthodontists PBRN) because it served as an advisor for the National Dental Practice-Based Network (NDPBRN) and thus did not produce research itself.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingnone given

    The Practice-based Research in Oral Health Network (PROH) was founded in 2013 and gathered more than 180 practitioners in seven studies dealing with oral health and dental materials.

    “The Practice-based Research in Oral Health Network (PROH) was founded in 2013 and gathered more than 180 practitioners in seven studies dealing with oral health and dental materials.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingown data

    Networks' articles included fewer reviews (10, 4.95%) than independent articles (22, 13.25%), p < 0.01.

    “| Review | 10 (4.95%) | 22 (13.25%) | < 0.01 |”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingreasoning

    The remaining two networks are the Network for Community Oral Health Research (NCOHR) and the Orthodontic PBRN (OPBRN).

    “The remaining two are the Network for Community Oral Health Research (NCOHR) and the Orthodontic PBRN (OPBRN).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based). May combine two claims.

    Findingnone given

    The network shown in blue is a physicians' network that has already conducted several studies in dentistry.

    “The network shown in blue is a physicians' one which has already conducted several studies in dentistry.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingown data

    The proportion of registered trials was 62.5% for networks' articles and 30.77% for independent articles.

    “| Proportion of registered trials | 62.5% | 30.77% | |”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Findingown data

    The National Dental Practice-Based Research Network (NDPBRN) is composed of six regions: western, midwest, south-central, northeast, south-atlantic, and southwest.

    “The National Dental Practice-Based Research Network (NDPBRN) is composed of six regions (from the left to the right of the map: western, midwest, south-central (upper pins), northeast, south-atlantic, and southwest (lower pins)).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

    Findingown data

    The oldest article found was from 2005 for networks' articles and 1981 for independent articles.

    “| Oldest article found | 2005 | 1981 | |”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Study design and conductnone given

    All articles obtained during the search were first screened by two calibrated evaluators (TC and EFC) to evaluate inclusion criteria.

    “All articles obtained during the search were first screened by two calibrated evaluators (TC and EFC) to evaluate inclusion criteria.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation

    The protocols developed by D-PBRN may include a greater number of subjects, from various geographical origins, and with closer profiles to the general population.

    “The protocols thus developed may include a greater number of subjects, from various geographical origins, and with closer profiles to the general population [4].”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites [4] 4. G.H. Gilbert, Racial and socioeconomic disparities in health from population-based research to practice-based research: the example of oral health, J. Dent. Educ. 69 (2005) 1003-1014. source

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Premisecitation

    D-PBRN were initially thought to increase knowledge on the daily practices of the majority of dentists.

    “D-PBRN were initially thought to respond to private practitioners' demands to participate in research protocols [5] but also to increase knowledge on the daily practices of the majority of dentists [5,6].”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 2 sources checked
    • cites [5] 5. G.H. Gilbert, J.S. Richman, V.V. Gordan, D.B. Rindal, J.L. Fellows, P.L. Benjamin, M. Wallace-Dawson, O.D. Williams, DPBRN Collaborative Group, Lessons learned during the conduct of clinical studies in the dental PBRN, J. Dent. Educ. 75 (2011) 453-465. source
    • cites [6] 6. S.K. Makhija, G.H. Gilbert, D.B. Rindal, P.L. Benjamin, J.S. Richman, D.J. Pihlstrom, DPBRN Collaborative Group, Dentists in practice-based research networks have much in common with dentists at large: evidence from the Dental Practice-Based Research Network, Gen. Dent. 57 (2009) 270-275.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Premisecitation

    D-PBRN were initially thought to respond to private practitioners' demands to participate in research protocols.

    “D-PBRN were initially thought to respond to private practitioners' demands to participate in research protocols [5] but also to increase knowledge on the daily practices of the majority of dentists [5,6].”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites [5] 5. G.H. Gilbert, J.S. Richman, V.V. Gordan, D.B. Rindal, J.L. Fellows, P.L. Benjamin, M. Wallace-Dawson, O.D. Williams, DPBRN Collaborative Group, Lessons learned during the conduct of clinical studies in the dental PBRN, J. Dent. Educ. 75 (2011) 453-465. source

  • Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

    Study design and conductreasoning

    The authors did not conduct a critical appraisal of included sources of evidence because of the exploratory nature of the research.

    “We did not conduct a critical appraisal of included sources of evidence because of the exploratory nature of our research.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

    Study design and conductown data

    Included publications were assessed twice, and required data were collected using a data extraction form.

    “Included publications were then assessed twice, and required data were collected using a data extraction form.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation

    In dentistry as in medicine, the vast majority of patients receive care in an ambulatory primary care setting, yet the majority of clinical research occurs in academic institutions.

    “In dentistry as in medicine, the vast majority of patients receive care in an ambulatory primary care setting, yet the majority of clinical research occurs in academic institutions [1].”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites [1] 1. J.M. Westfall, J. Mold, L. Fagnan, Practice-based research--"Blue Highways" on the NIH roadmap, JAMA. 297 (2007) 403-406. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.297.4.403. source

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based).

    Study design and conductnone given

    Another limitation is that there is also a large number of articles on PubMed that have been produced without the frame of a clearly identified PBRN.

    “Another limitation is that there is also a large number of articles on PubMed that have been produced without the frame of a clearly identified PBRN.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S4 (based).

    Interpretationnone given

    Collaboration between several teams in different countries enables to increase the quality and power of performed studies.

    “Collaboration between several teams in different countries enables to increase the quality and power of performed studies.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Interpretationown data

    This review reveals the multicenter nature of many studies, mainly those conducted by well-identified networks, and the close collaboration that exists between working groups in different countries.

    “This review reveals the multicenter nature of many studies, mainly those conducted by well-identified networks, and the close collaboration that exists between working groups in different countries.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

    Study design and conductnone given

    The networks' websites may not have been updated recently, posing a risk to the search strategy.

    “with the risk that these had not been updated recently”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based).

    Interpretationnone given

    The increase in the number of dentists enrolled depends on the network's recognition, which is reflected by a large number of publications and concrete results on new topics.

    “The increase in the number of dentists enrolled depends on the network's recognition, which is reflected by a large number of publications and concrete results on new topics.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S3 (load-bearing).

    Premisecitation

    Improving the visibility of research helps accelerate the dissemination of scientific messages.

    “In a society where the visibility of scientific data is crucial, improving the visibility of research helps accelerate the dissemination of scientific messages [41].”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites [41] 41. R.R. Madsen, Scientific impact and the quest for visibility, FEBS J. 286 (2019) 3968- 3974. https://doi.org/10.1111/febs.15043. source

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Interpretationreasoning

    The higher number of included subjects can be explained by the fact that independent teams performed more studies based on the compilation of numerical data from very large samples.

    “The higher number of included subjects can be explained by the fact that independent teams performed more studies based on the compilation of numerical data from very large samples.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based). May combine two claims.

    Interpretationnone given

    Even if the D-PBRN are numerous around the world, many of them have ceased their activity.

    “Even if the D-PBRN are numerous around the world, many of them have ceased their activity.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based). May combine two claims.

    Interpretationnone given

    The important workload associated with managing a private practice can tend to frighten dentists and limit their participation in research studies.

    “Indeed, the important workload associated with managing a private practice can tend to frighten dentists and limit their participation in research studies.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Study design and conductnone given

    The strategy for selecting networks and primary studies was guided by the sole concern of the reproducibility of the research.

    “Our strategy for selecting networks and primary studies was guided by the sole concern of the reproducibility of our research.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based).

    Interpretationnone given

    The additional inclusion of patients at the teaching hospital presents the advantage of offering an even more representative range of included subjects from the general population.

    “The additional inclusion of patients at the teaching hospital presents the advantage of offering an even more representative range of included subjects from the general population.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S3 (load-bearing).

    Interpretationreasoning

    The proportion of included patients in hospital centers cannot be too important as the organization of practice in terms of care time, operators, and equipment differ between hospital and dental offices.

    “However, the proportion of included patients in hospital centers cannot be too important as the organization of practice in terms of care time, operators, and equipment differ between hospital and dental offices.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S4 (based).

    Interpretationnone given

    This type of initiative helps to fill the gap between private practice and research.

    “this type of initiative helps to fill the gap between private practice and research”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim
72 of 72

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    No comprehensive review has yet analyzed the territorial mesh of D-PBRN and their research activity as a whole.

    “D-PBRN have thus helped to structure research in private practice, however, no comprehensive review has yet analyzed the territorial mesh of these networks and their research activity as a whole.”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    Case reports are not population-based studies.

    “they are not population-based studies”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    Case reports do not permit to sufficiently shed light on care practices in dental offices.

    “they do not permit to sufficiently shed light on care practices in dental offices”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    Network websites accurately reflect the networks' activities and are up to date.

    “with the risk that these had not been updated recently”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    The forward search strategy captures all relevant networks and primary studies.

    “we proceeded to a two-step search, using a forward approach”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    Membership in a research network is perceived as a guarantee of quality and scientific integrity and collective intelligence.

    “Membership in a research network, which is also recognized, is a value that may be perceived as a guarantee of quality and scientific integrity and collective intelligence.”
6 of 6

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

Each contradiction between two passages listed here was confirmed by an independent check.

  • German network is both excluded and included

    Major

    The selection results identify Arbeitskreis Zahnärztliche Therapie as excluded, but the network descriptions subsequently list it among the included, currently active European networks.

  • Independent-article impact factor differs from Table 1

    Minor

    The prose gives independent articles a mean impact factor of 1.93 ± 1.03, whereas Table 1 gives 1.96 ± 1.07.

  • Network and independent publication counts disagree

    Minor

    The results section assigns 201 publications to networks and 167 to independent teams, while Table 1 assigns 202 and 166, respectively. Both pairs total 368, but they classify one publication differently.

  • Claim about practitioner involvement reverses the table comparison

    Minor

    The discussion says practitioner involvement is higher outside networks. Table 1 instead reports a slightly higher mean number of implicated practitioners for network articles (112.14 versus 109.06), although its p-value indicates no significant difference.

4 of 4

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

6 of the 47 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.

Research works printed but not linked: 1

  1. Sorden, 2016, New MeSH browser available, NLM Tech. Bull., e2

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Related

Authors
Canceill, T., Monsarrat, P., Faure-Clement, E., Tohme, M., Vergnes, J.-N., & Grosgogeat, B.
Affiliations
  • Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (FR)
  • Lyon 1 Université (FR)
  • Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (FR)
Corresponding author
Canceill, Thibault
ORCID
Venue
Journal of Dentistry
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2021-01
Volume
104
Pages
103523
ISSN
0300-5712 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1016/j.jdent.2020.103523
OpenAlex
W3098674446
Semantic Scholar
0bd8207ad7dd193a3db432d48d4f463c182bacf7
Cited by
20
References
47
Citations by year
2026: 5 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 2
FWCI
0.28
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Journal of Dentistry (acceptedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • HAL (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc)
Funders
  • National Institutes of Health
  • National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Dental Education, Practice, Research
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Health and Medical Research Impacts
  • Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Health Sciences Research and Education
Keywords
dental practice-based research network, private dental practice, research networks, research output, oral health research
MeSH terms
Dentists, Europe, Humans, Oral Health, Private Practice, Publications, Dental Research

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Claims read by deepseek-v4.1-flash under definition version 3 (extract-v3) on 2026-10-11.

Classified by jev-1.13-20260917 (gold-guideline-v0.2) on 2026-10-11.

Cited sources are checked by gpt-6-sol.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

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