Diagnosis and Treatment of Common Forms of Tremor
Open accessAbstract
Tremor is the most common movement disorder presenting to an outpatient neurology practice and is defined as a rhythmical, involuntary oscillatory movement of a body part. The authors review the clinical examination, classification, and diagnosis of tremor. The pathophysiology of the more common forms of tremor is outlined, and treatment options are discussed. Essential tremor is characterized primarily by postural and action tremors, may be a neurodegenerative disorder with pathologic changes in the cerebellum, and can be treated with a wide range of pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic methods. Tremor at rest is typical for Parkinson's disease, but may arise independently of a dopaminergic deficit. Enhanced physiologic tremor, intention tremor, and dystonic tremor are discussed. Further differential diagnoses described in this review include drug- or toxin-induced tremor, neuropathic tremor, psychogenic tremor, orthostatic tremor, palatal tremor, tremor in Wilson's disease, and tremor secondary to cerebral lesions, such as Holmes' tremor (midbrain tremor). An individualized approach to treatment of tremor patients is important, taking into account the degree of disability, including social embarrassment, which the tremor causes in the patient's life.
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The frequency of PD's tremor lies between 4 and 6 Hz.
“According to Puschmann et al.2, Lenka et al.14, and Thenganatt et al.15, the frequency of PD’s tremor lies between 4 and 6 Hz.”
From Explainable artificial intelligence for searching frequency characteristics in Parkinson's disease tremor (2023) · cites this paper as Puschmann et al.2
The “Tremor Frequency” section gives the usual frequency of PD tremor as 3–5 Hz, not 4–6 Hz. It also notes that PD tremor can occur below 4 Hz. The supplied passage has no page number. (LLM, conf=0.89)
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- Authors
- Puschmann, A., & Wszolek, Z.
- Affiliations
- Mayo Clinic (US)
- ORCID
- Puschmann, Andreas
- Venue
- Seminars in Neurology
- Publisher
- Georg Thieme Verlag KG
- Published
- 2011-02
- Volume
- 31
- Issue
- 01
- Pages
- 065-077
- ISSN
- 0271-8235 (ISSN-L)
- 1098-9021
- PMC
- PMC3907068
- OpenAlex
- W2131661869
- Cited by
- 138
- References
- 85
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 19 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 14 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 3 · 2012: 4
- FWCI
- 2.23
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Seminars in Neurology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Lund University Publications (Lund University) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (5rc2ns070276-02)
- National Institute on Aging (P01AG017216, AG017216)
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (P01NS040256, RC2-NS070276, NS057567, NS 40256, P50NS040256, R01NS057567, NS070276)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Neurology › Neurological disorders and treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Neurological and metabolic disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Neurology › Parkinson's Disease Mechanisms and Treatments
- Keywords
- tremor, essential tremor, Parkinson's disease, postural tremor, action tremor, intention tremor, dystonic tremor, drug-induced tremor, psychogenic tremor, orthostatic tremor, palatal tremor, Wilson's disease, Holmes tremor, cerebellar degeneration, tremor pathophysiology, tremor treatment, differential diagnosis
- MeSH terms
- Diagnosis, Differential, Humans, Movement Disorders, Tremor, Treatment Outcome, Essential Tremor
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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