Dietary fat and the risk of breast cancer.
Abstract
Dietary fat has been suggested as a risk factor for breast cancer in women, but the available data on humans are sparse and inconsistent. In 1980, 89,538 U.S. registered nurses who were 34 to 59 years of age and had no history of cancer completed a previously validated dietary questionnaire designed to measure individual consumption of total fat, saturated fat, linoleic acid, and cholesterol, as well as other nutrients. In a subsample of 173 participants studied in detail, those in the highest quintile of fat intake consumed a mean of 44 percent of calories from fat, as compared with 32 percent for those in the lowest quintile. During four years of follow-up, 601 cases of breast cancer were diagnosed among the 89,538 nurses in the study. After adjustment for known determinants in multivariate analyses, the relative risk of breast cancer among women in the highest quintile of calorie-adjusted total fat intake, as compared with women in the lowest quintile, was 0.82 (95 percent confidence limits, 0.64 and 1.05). The corresponding relative risks were 0.84 (confidence limits, 0.66 and 1.08) for saturated fat, 0.88 (0.69 and 1.12) for linoleic acid, and 0.91 (0.70 and 1.18) for cholesterol intake. Similar results were found for both postmenopausal and premenopausal women. These data are based on a limited period of follow-up and do not exclude a possible influence of fat intake before adulthood or at levels lower than 30 percent of calories. They suggest, however, that a moderate reduction in fat intake by adult women is unlikely to result in a substantial reduction in the incidence of breast cancer.
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- Authors
- Willett, W. C., Stampfer, M. J., Colditz, G. A., Rosner, B. A., Hennekens, C. H., & Speizer, F. E.
- Affiliations
- Harvard University (US)
- Venue
- New England Journal of Medicine
- Publisher
- Massachusetts Medical Society
- Published
- 1987-01
- Volume
- 316
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 22-28
- ISSN
- 0028-4793 (ISSN-L)
- 1533-4406
- OpenAlex
- W2327425968
- Cited by
- 534
- References
- 30
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 9
- FWCI
- 26.73
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- New England Journal of Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Cancer Institute (CA 26560, CA 23645, CA-16686)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Cancer Risks and Factors
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Nutritional Studies and Diet
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cancer Research › Cancer, Lipids, and Metabolism
- Keywords
- dietary fat, breast cancer, saturated fat, linoleic acid, dietary cholesterol, breast cancer risk, postmenopausal women, premenopausal women, registered nurses, dietary questionnaire
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Analysis of Variance, Breast Neoplasms, Cholesterol, Dietary, Dietary Fats, Feeding Behavior, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Linoleic Acids, Middle Aged, Nurses, Surveys and Questionnaires, Risk, Linoleic Acid
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
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