Urinary Melatonin Levels and Postmenopausal Breast Cancer Risk in the Nurses' Health Study Cohort
Open accessAbstract
Background: Melatonin seems to play a role in breast cancer etiology, but data addressing the association between melatonin levels and breast cancer risk in postmenopausal women is sparse. Methods: We conducted a nested case-control study in the Nurses' Health Study cohort. First spot morning urine was collected from 18,643 cancer-free women from March 2000 through December 2002. The concentration of the major metabolite of melatonin, 6-sulfatoxymelatonin (aMT6s), was available for 357 postmenopausal women who developed incident breast cancer through May 31, 2006, along with 533 matched control subjects. We used multivariable conditional logistic regression models to investigate associations. All statistical tests were two sided. Results: An increased concentration of urinary aMT6s was statistically significantly associated with a lower risk of breast cancer (odds ratio for the highest versus lowest quartile of morning urinary aMT6s, 0.62; 95% confidence interval, 0.41-0.95; Ptrend = 0.004). There was no apparent modification of risk by hormone receptor status of breast tumors, age, body mass index, or smoking status. Conclusion: Results from this prospective study add substantially to the growing literature that supports an inverse association between melatonin levels and breast cancer risk. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2009;18(1):74–9)
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Results from prospective cohort studies consistently suggest that women with the lowest concentration of the main melatonin metabolite sulfatoxymelatonin have the highest risk for breast cancer.
“Further, results from prospective cohort studies consistently suggest that women with the lowest concentration of the main melatonin metabolite sulfatoxymelatonin, have the highest risk for breast cancer 96, 97.”
From The inner clock-Blue light sets the human rhythm (2019) · cites this paper as [97]
The Discussion says the three earlier prospective studies “produced inconsistent results”: two found an inverse association, but one found no association. This paper’s own postmenopausal cohort found an inverse association, but it does not support the claim that prospective studies consistently found the highest risk in women with the lowest levels. (LLM, conf=0.87)
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- Authors
- Schernhammer, E. S., & Hankinson, S. E.
- Affiliations
- Brigham and Women's Hospital (US)
- Venue
- Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention
- Published
- 2009-01-01
- Volume
- 18
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 74-79
- ISSN
- 1055-9965 (ISSN-L)
- 1538-7755
- PMC
- PMC3036562
- OpenAlex
- W1979445574
- Cited by
- 123
- References
- 48
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 17 · 2013: 16 · 2012: 10
- FWCI
- 3.59
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- Emory University
- National Institutes of Health (5r01ca049449-18)
- National Cancer Institute (CA-49449, CA-87969, U01CA067262, P01CA087969, R01‐CA049449, CA/ES62984, U01CA049449, R01CA067262)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Circadian rhythm and melatonin
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Cancer Risks and Factors
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Cancer, Stress, Anesthesia, and Immune Response
- Keywords
- melatonin, urinary 6-sulfatoxymelatonin, postmenopausal breast cancer, breast cancer risk, hormone receptor status, Nurses' Health Study
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Breast Neoplasms, Female, Humans, Melatonin, Middle Aged, Prospective Studies, Surveys and Questionnaires, Risk, Risk Factors, Biomarkers, Tumor, United States, Logistic Models, Case-Control Studies, Postmenopause
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