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A Clinical Trial of Beta Carotene to Prevent Basal-Cell and Squamous-Cell Cancers of the Skin
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: Beta carotene has been associated with a decreased risk of human cancer in many studies employing dietary questionnaires or blood measurements, and it has had protective effects in some animal models of carcinogenesis. METHODS: We tested the possible cancer-preventing effects of beta carotene by randomly assigning 1805 patients who had had a recent nonmelanoma skin cancer to receive either 50 mg of beta carotene or placebo per day and by conducting annual skin examinations to determine the occurrence of new nonmelanoma skin cancer. RESULTS: Adherence to the prescribed treatment was good, and after one year the actively treated group's median plasma beta carotene level (3021 nmol per liter) was much higher than that of the control group (354 nmol per liter). After five years of follow-up, however, there was no difference between the groups in the rate of occurrence of the first new nonmelanoma skin cancer (relative rate, 1.05; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.91 to 1.22). In subgroup analyses, active treatment showed no efficacy either in the patients whose initial plasma beta carotene level was in the lowest quartile or in those who currently smoked. There was also no significant difference between treated and control groups in the mean number of new nonmelanoma skin cancers per patient-year. CONCLUSIONS: In persons with a previous nonmelanoma skin cancer, treatment with beta carotene does not reduce the occurrence of new skin cancers over a five-year period of treatment and observation.
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“In other research, treatment with β-carotene did not significantly reduce the occurrence of new skin cancers in persons with previous non-melanoma skin cancer [242].”
From Bioactive Compounds for Skin Health: A Review (2021) · cites this paper as [242]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Greenberg, E. R., Baron, J. A., Stukel, T. A., Stevens, M. M., Mandel, J. S., Spencer, S. K., Elias, P. M., Lowe, N., Nierenberg, D. W., Bayrd, G., Vance, J. C., Freeman, D. H., Clendenning, W. E., & Kwan, T.
- Affiliations
- Dartmouth College (US)
- University of Minnesota (US)
- University of California, San Francisco (US)
- University of California, Los Angeles (US)
- Harvard University (US)
- Venue
- New England Journal of Medicine
- Publisher
- Massachusetts Medical Society
- Published
- 1990-09-20
- Volume
- 323
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- 789-795
- ISSN
- 0028-4793 (ISSN-L)
- 1533-4406
- OpenAlex
- W2313686482
- Cited by
- 482
- References
- 35
- Citations by year
- 2025: 2 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 13 · 2014: 11 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 21
- FWCI
- 18.92
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- New England Journal of Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (5u01ca032934-10)
- National Cancer Institute (CA-32934, CA 23 108, P30CA023108)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Dermatology › Nonmelanoma Skin Cancer Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Dermatology › Skin Protection and Aging
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Otorhinolaryngology › Head and Neck Cancer Studies
- Keywords
- beta-carotene, non-melanoma skin cancer, basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, cancer prevention, chemoprevention, smoking, medication adherence
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Basal Cell Carcinoma, Carcinoma, Squamous Cell, Carotenoids, Drug Evaluation, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Male, Patient Compliance, Recurrence, Skin Neoplasms, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, beta Carotene
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