β-Carotene: an Unusual Type of Lipid Antioxidant
Abstract
The mechanism of lipid peroxidation and the manner in which antioxidants function is reviewed. β-Carotene is a purported anticancer agent, which is believed by some to have antioxidant action of a radical-trapping type. However, definitive experimental support for such action has been lacking. New experiments in vitro show that β-carotene belongs to a previously unknown class of biological antioxidants. Specifically, it exhibits good radical-trapping antioxidant behavior only at partial pressures of oxygen significantly less than 150 torr, the pressure of oxygen in normal air. Such low oxygen partial pressures are found in most tissues under physiological conditions. At higher oxygen pressures, β-carotene loses its antioxidant activity and shows an autocatalytic, prooxidant effect, particularly at relatively high concentrations. Similar oxygen-pressure-dependent behavior may be shown by other compounds containing many conjugated double bonds.
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Burton and Ingold first proposed prooxidant properties of carotenoids.
“The first who proposed prooxidant properties of carotenoids were Burton and Ingold (Burton and Ingold 1984).”
From Reactive Oxygen Species, Toxicity, Oxidative Stress, and Antioxidants: Chronic Diseases and Aging (2023) · cites this paper as Burton and Ingold 1984
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Sundquist, A. R., Hanusch, M., Stahl, W., & Sies, H. (1993) · Photochemistry and Photobiology · doi:10.1111/j.1751-1097.1993.tb09211.x · Cited by 17 · see citing works
- Authors
- Burton, G. W., & Ingold, K. U.
- Affiliations
- National Research Council Canada (CA)
- ORCID
- Burton, G. W.
- Venue
- Science
- Published
- 1984-05-11
- Volume
- 224
- Issue
- 4649
- Pages
- 569-573
- ISSN
- 0036-8075 (ISSN-L)
- 1095-9203
- OpenAlex
- W2033624890
- Cited by
- 2,150
- References
- 61
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 19 · 2024: 31 · 2023: 36 · 2022: 40 · 2021: 39 · 2020: 39 · 2019: 36 · 2018: 29 · 2017: 31 · 2016: 44 · 2015: 55 · 2014: 55 · 2013: 45 · 2012: 64
- FWCI
- 36.43
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Science (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- NPARC (acceptedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Biochemistry › Antioxidant Activity and Oxidative Stress
- Physical Sciences › Chemistry › Organic Chemistry › Free Radicals and Antioxidants
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Biochemistry › Phytochemicals and Antioxidant Activities
- Keywords
- beta-carotene, lipid peroxidation, lipid antioxidants, radical trapping, oxygen partial pressure, pro-oxidant activity, autocatalytic oxidation, anticancer agents, conjugated polyenes, antioxidant defense
- MeSH terms
- Antioxidants, Carotenoids, Chemistry, Free Radicals, Humans, Linoleic Acids, Oxidation-Reduction, Oxygen, Partial Pressure, Peroxides, Tetrahydronaphthalenes, beta Carotene, Lipid Metabolism, Chemical Phenomena
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