The DOI matches its Crossref record; 30 of the 32 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Psychological Stress and Susceptibility to the Common Cold
Abstract
BACKGROUND: It is not known whether psychological stress suppresses host resistance to infection. To investigate this issue, we prospectively studied the relation between psychological stress and the frequency of documented clinical colds among subjects intentionally exposed to respiratory viruses. METHODS: After completing questionnaires assessing degrees of psychological stress, 394 healthy subjects were given nasal drops containing one of five respiratory viruses (rhinovirus type 2, 9, or 14, respiratory syncytial virus, or coronavirus type 229E), and an additional 26 were given saline nasal drops. The subjects were then quarantined and monitored for the development of evidence of infection and symptoms. Clinical colds were defined as clinical symptoms in the presence of an infection verified by the isolation of virus or by an increase in the virus-specific antibody titer. RESULTS: The rates of both respiratory infection (P less than 0.005) and clinical colds (P less than 0.02) increased in a dose-response manner with increases in the degree of psychological stress. Infection rates ranged from approximately 74 percent to approximately 90 percent, according to levels of psychological stress, and the incidence of clinical colds ranged from approximately 27 percent to 47 percent. These effects were not altered when we controlled for age, sex, education, allergic status, weight, the season, the number of subjects housed together, the infectious status of subjects sharing the same housing, and virus-specific antibody status at base line (before challenge). Moreover, the associations observed were similar for all five challenge viruses. Several potential stress-illness mediators, including smoking, alcohol consumption, exercise, diet, quality of sleep, white-cell counts, and total immunoglobulin levels, did not explain the association between stress and illness. Similarly, controls for personality variables (self-esteem, personal control, and introversion-extraversion) failed to alter our findings. CONCLUSIONS: Psychological stress was associated in a dose-response manner with an increased risk of acute infectious respiratory illness, and this risk was attributable to increased rates of infection rather than to an increased frequency of symptoms after infection.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Although attempts to identify behavioral pathways linking stress to cold susceptibility have not been especially successful (14,15)”
From Chronic stress, glucocorticoid receptor resistance, inflammation, and disease risk (2012) · cites this paper as [14]
In the citing paper
“A series of studies have shown that chronic stress is associated with increased susceptibility to developing a common cold among persons experimentally exposed to an upper respiratory virus (e.g., refs.[14][15][16][17].”
From Chronic stress, glucocorticoid receptor resistance, inflammation, and disease risk (2012) · cites this paper as [14]
In the citing paper
“Of the 50 highest quality studies, 42 (84%) reported inverse relationships [333–343] and none found a positive one.”
From Religion, Spirituality, and Health: The Research and Clinical Implications (2012) · cites this paper as [341]
In the citing paper
“Stressed persons are prone to viral infections, more frequent and severe flare-ups of asthma, multiple sclerosis, and arthritis, and to developing premature coronary disease (2–7).”
From A Functional Genomic Fingerprint of Chronic Stress in Humans: Blunted Glucocorticoid and Increased NF-κB Signaling (2008) · cites this paper as [2]
In the citing paper
“Stressed persons are prone to viral infections, more frequent and severe flare-ups of asthma, multiple sclerosis, and arthritis, and to developing premature coronary disease (2–7).”
From A Functional Genomic Fingerprint of Chronic Stress in Humans: Blunted Glucocorticoid and Increased NF-κB Signaling (2008) · cites this paper as [2]
In the citing paper
“Stressed persons are prone to viral infections, more frequent and severe flare-ups of asthma, multiple sclerosis, and arthritis, and to developing premature coronary disease (2–7).”
From A Functional Genomic Fingerprint of Chronic Stress in Humans: Blunted Glucocorticoid and Increased NF-κB Signaling (2008) · cites this paper as [2]
In the citing paper
“The resulting cellular level changes support what has been observed for decades – that there is a strong association between chronic stress and the incidence and progression of infection, including sepsis (Cohen et al., 1991; NeSmith et al., 2020; Ojard et al., 2015; Song et al., 2019).”
From On race, human variation, and who gets and dies of sepsis (2022) · cites this paper as Cohen et al., 1991
In the citing paper
“Stress can undermine health in many ways, for example, by increasing the number and severity of somatic symptoms,31 the probability of infection and the severity of symptoms following exposure to a cold virus,32 and systemic inflammation.33”
From Social Media Use and Its Link to Physical Health Indicators (2022) · cites this paper as [32]
In the citing paper
“Common cold is also more likely in those suffering from psychological stress [59], while moderate physical exercise may decrease the risk [60].”
From Immune function and micronutrient requirements change over the life course (2018) · cites this paper as [59]
In the citing paper
“Psychological stress is associated with susceptibility to the common cold in a dose-dependent manner.26”
From The common cold (2003) · cites this paper as [26]
Citations
Cites
Coefficient Alpha and the Internal Structure of Tests
Cronbach, L. J. (1951) · Psychometrika · doi:10.1007/bf02310555 · Cited by 43,931
(1990) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.27-3338 · Cited by 35,305
“Stress: appraisal and coping,”
Folkman, S. (2013) · Encyclopedia of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-1005-9_215 · Cited by 27,833
(1988) · Cited by 4,111
Self-citationComputer-Aided Multivariate Analysis
Afifi, A. A., & Clark, V. A. (1996) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4899-3342-3 · Cited by 1,358
Best Subsets Logistic Regression
Hosmer, D. W., Jovanovic, B. D., & Lemeshow, S. A. (1989) · Biometrics · doi:10.2307/2531779 · Cited by 1,175
Noradrenergic and peptidergic innervation of lymphoid tissue
Felten, D. L., Felten, S. Y., Carlson, S. L., Olschowka, J. A., & Livnat, S. (1985) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.135.2.755 · Cited by 1,025
Comparison of tests used to distinguish smokers from nonsmokers
Jarvis, M. J., Tunstall-Pedoe, H., Feyerabend, C., Vesey, C., & Saloojee, Y. (1987) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.77.11.1435 · Cited by 994
The structure of mood change: An idiographic/nomothetic analysis.
Zevon, M. A., & Tellegen, A. (1982) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.43.1.111 · Cited by 778
Stress and infectious disease in humans.
Cohen, S., & Williamson, G. M. (1991) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.109.1.5 · Cited by 756
Self-citation
Research works printed but not linked: 7
- Rabin, 1989, Crit Rev Immunol, 9, 279
- Ader R, ed. Psychoneuroimmunology. New York: Academic Press, 1981.
- Caiabrese, 1987, Am J Psychiatry, 114, 1123
- Kiecolt-Glaser JK, Glaser R. Psychosocial factors, stress, disease, and immunity. In: Ader R, Feiten DL, Cohen N, eds. Psychoneuroimmunology. New York: Academic Press, 1991:849–67.
- Alexander, 1956, Student Med, 4, 61
- Beare AS, Reed SE. The study of antiviral compounds in volunteers. In: Oxford JS, ed. Chemoprophyiaxis and virus infections. Vol. 2. Cleveland: CRC Press, 1977:27–55.
- Morahan PS, Murasko DM. Viral infections. In: Nelson DS, ed. Natural immunity in disease processes. New York: Academic Press. 1989:557–86.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 401–500 of 1,000
Sexton, K. A., Walker, J. R., Graff, L. A., Bernstein, M. T., Beatie, B., Miller, N., Sargent, M., & Targownik, L. E. (2017) · Inflammatory Bowel Diseases · doi:10.1097/mib.0000000000001040 · Cited by 79
A Test of the Psychosocial Vulnerability and Health Behavior Models of Hostility
Miller, T. Q., Markides, K. S., Chiriboga, D. A., & Ray, L. A. (1995) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/00006842-199511000-00010 · Cited by 78
Woodruff, T. J., Zeise, L. A., Axelrad, D. A., Guyton, K. Z., Janssen, S. J., Miller, M. D., Miller, G. G., Schwartz, J. M., Alexeeff, G. V., Anderson, H. A., et al. (2008) · Environmental Health Perspectives · doi:10.1289/ehp.11516 · Cited by 80
Neuroendocrine mechanisms of immune dysregulation: applications to allergy and asthma
Marshall, G. D. (2004) · Annals of Allergy Asthma & Immunology · doi:10.1016/s1081-1206(10)61482-2 · Cited by 78
SOCIAL LINKAGES TO BIOLOGICAL MARKERS OF HEALTH AMONG THE ELDERLY
Weinstein, M., Goldman, N., Hedley, A., Lin, Y.-H., & Seeman, T. (2003) · Journal of Biosocial Science · doi:10.1017/s0021932003004334 · Cited by 77
Psychological treatment of comorbid asthma and panic disorder: a pilot study
Lehrer, P. M., Karavidas, M. K., Lu, S.-E., Feldman, J., Kranitz, L., Abraham, S., Sanderson, W., & Reynolds, R. (2008) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2007.07.001 · Cited by 77
Sleep: an important factor in stress‐health models
Benham, G. (2010) · Stress and Health · doi:10.1002/smi.1304 · Cited by 94
Sharpley, C. F., & Christie, D. (2006) · Psycho-Oncology · doi:10.1002/pon.1118 · Cited by 77
Holinagel, H., & Malterud, K. (1995) · Family Practice · doi:10.1093/fampra/12.4.423 · Cited by 79
Schmidt, D., Reber, S. O., Botteron, C., Barth, T. F. E., Peterlik, D., Uschold‐Schmidt, N., Männel, D. N., & Lechner, A. (2010) · Brain Behavior and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2010.04.014 · Cited by 80
Gallagher, S. M., & Whiteley, J. (2012) · Journal of Health Psychology · doi:10.1177/1359105312464672 · Cited by 95
Smoking, Alcohol Consumption, and Leukocyte Counts
Parry, H., Cohen, S., Schlarb, J. E., Tyrrel, D. A. J., Fisher, A. A., Russell, M. A., & Jarvis, M. J. (1997) · American Journal of Clinical Pathology · doi:10.1093/ajcp/107.1.64 · Cited by 76
Self-citationAntibody response to vaccination and psychosocial stress in humans: relationships and mechanisms
Burns, V. E., Carroll, D., Ring, C., & Drayson, M. T. (2003) · Vaccine · doi:10.1016/s0264-410x(03)00041-0 · Cited by 76
Wieduwild, É., Girard-Madoux, M. J. H., Quatrini, L., Laprie, C., Chasson, L., Rossignol, R., Bernat, C., Guia, S., & Ugolini, S. (2020) · The Journal of Experimental Medicine · doi:10.1084/jem.20190554 · Cited by 76
Stress and Immunity: Implications for Viral Disease and Wound Healing
Rozlog, L. A., Kiecolt‐Glaser, J. K., Marucha, P. T., Sheridan, J. F., & Glaser, R. (1999) · Journal of Periodontology · doi:10.1902/jop.1999.70.7.786 · Cited by 75
Predictors of Anxiety and Depression in Emerging Adulthood
Riggs, S. A., & Han, G. (2009) · Journal of Adult Development · doi:10.1007/s10804-009-9051-5 · Cited by 76
Caregiver Burden and the Nonmotor Symptoms of Parkinson's Disease
Hiseman, J. P., & Fackrell, R. (2017) · International review of neurobiology · doi:10.1016/bs.irn.2017.05.035 · Cited by 82
Training Strategies to Maintain Immunocompetence in Athletes
Pyne, D. B., Gleeson, MCDONALD, W. A., Clancy, Jr, P., & Fricker (2000) · International Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1055/s-2000-1452 · Cited by 75
Examining the Theory and Clinical Utility of Writing About Emotional Experiences
Bootzin, R. R. (1997) · Psychological Science · doi:10.1111/j.1467-9280.1997.tb00404.x · Cited by 75
Hill, M. A., Araya, J. C., Eckert, M. W., Gillespie, A. T., Hunt, J. D., & Levine, E. A. (1997) · Cancer · doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-0142(19970715)80:2 · Cited by 29
Health Disparities in the Hospitalized Child
McKay, S., & Parente, V. M. (2019) · Hospital Pediatrics · doi:10.1542/hpeds.2018-0223 · Cited by 74
The Role of Anxiety and Cortisol in Outcomes of Patients With Covid-19
Ramezani, M., Simani, L., Karimialavijeh, E., Rezaei, O., Hajiesmaeili, M., & Pakdaman, H. (2020) · Basic and Clinical Neuroscience Journal · doi:10.32598/bcn.11.covid19.1168.2 · Cited by 75
The relationship of psychologic stress with childhood asthma
Bloomberg, G. R., & Chen, E. (2005) · Immunology and Allergy Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.iac.2004.09.001 · Cited by 74
Molnar, D. S., Sadava, S. W., Flett, G. L., & Colautti, J. (2011) · Psychology and Health · doi:10.1080/08870446.2011.630466 · Cited by 86
Campisi, J., Bravo, Y., Cole, J., & Gobeil, K. (2012) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2012.09.003 · Cited by 74
Implementation intentions, occupational stress, and the exercise intention-behavior relationship.
Budden, J. S., & Sagarin, B. J. (2007) · Journal of Occupational Health Psychology · doi:10.1037/1076-8998.12.4.391 · Cited by 72
The role of psychoneuroendocrine factors on spaceflight-induced immunological alterations
Meehan, R., Whitson, R., & Sams, C. (1993) · Journal of Leukocyte Biology · doi:10.1002/jlb.54.3.236 · Cited by 73
Beyond Nine To Five: Is Working To Excess Bad For Health?
ten Brummelhuis, L. L., Rothbard, N. P., & Uhrich, B. (2016) · Academy of Management Discoveries · doi:10.5465/amd.2015.0115 · Cited by 75
Dhabhar, F. S., & McEwen, B. S. (2007) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-012088576-3/50041-1 · Cited by 77
Tartari, E., Saris, K., Kenters, N., Marimuthu, K., Widmer, A. F., Collignon, P., Cheng, V. C., Wong, S., Gottlieb, T., Tambyah, P. A., et al. (2020) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0232168 · Cited by 72
Cao, M., Huang, W., Chen, Y., Li, G., Liu, N., Wu, Y., Wang, G., Li, Q., De, K., Xue, T., et al. (2021) · International Journal of Cancer · doi:10.1002/ijc.33552 · Cited by 75
Stone, A. A., Mezzacappa, E. S., Donatone, B., & Gonder, M. (1999) · Health Psychology · doi:10.1037//0278-6133.18.5.482 · Cited by 72
Gourkow, N., Hamon, S., & Phillips, C. J. C. (2014) · Preventive Veterinary Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.prevetmed.2014.06.005 · Cited by 74
Alteration of immune function in women collegiate soccer players and college students.
Putlur, P., Foster, C., Miskowski, J. A., Kane, M. K., Burton, S. E., Scheett, T. P., & McGuigan, M. R. (2004) · Europe PMC (PubMed Central) · Cited by 72
Old Friends, immunoregulation, and stress resilience
Langgartner, D., Lowry, C. A., & Reber, S. O. (2018) · Pflügers Archiv - European Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1007/s00424-018-2228-7 · Cited by 76
Elenkov, L. J., Hoffman, J., & Wilder, R. L. (1997) · Molecular Medicine Today · doi:10.1016/s1357-4310(97)01089-7 · Cited by 72
Unified power analysis for t-tests through multivariate hypotheses.
OʼBrien, R. G., & Muller, K. E. (1993) · Cited by 72
Society, Mind and Body in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: An Anthropological View
Ware, N. C. (2007) · Novartis Foundation symposium · doi:10.1002/9780470514382.ch5 · Cited by 72
Talbott, S., & Talbott, J. A. (2012) · Journal of the American College of Nutrition · doi:10.1080/07315724.2012.10720441 · Cited by 71
Relative income, race, and mortality
Miller, D. L., & Paxson, C. H. (2006) · Journal of Health Economics · doi:10.1016/j.jhealeco.2006.02.003 · Cited by 68
Collado-Hidalgo, A., Sung, C., & Cole, S. (2006) · Brain, Behavior, and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2006.01.005 · Cited by 69
Welbourne, J. L., Blanchard, A., & Boughton, M. D. (2009) · International Conference on Communities and Technologies (C&T) · doi:10.1145/1556460.1556466 · Cited by 69
Evaluation of a “Nondieting” Stress Reduction Program for Overweight Women: A Randomized Trial
Katzer, L., Bradshaw, A. J., Horwath, C. C., Gray, A. R., O'Brien, S., & Joyce, J. (2008) · American Journal of Health Promotion · doi:10.4278/060728113r1.1 · Cited by 72
Noisakran, S., Halford, W. P., Veress, L. A., & Carr, D. J. J. (1998) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.160.11.5441 · Cited by 70
Induction of metallothionein by stress and its molecular mechanisms.
Jacob, S. T., Ghoshal, K., & Sheridan, J. F. (1999) · Europe PMC (PubMed Central) · Cited by 70
Zager, S., Mendu, M. L., Chang, D., Bazick, H. S., Braun, A. B., Gibbons, F. K., & Christopher, K. B. (2011) · CHEST Journal · doi:10.1378/chest.10-2594 · Cited by 68
Complementary and alternative medicine: assessing the evidence for immunological benefits
Goldrosen, M. H., & Straus, S. E. (2004) · Nature reviews. Immunology · doi:10.1038/nri1486 · Cited by 69
Langgartner, D., Füchsl, A. M., Uschold‐Schmidt, N., Slattery, D. A., & Reber, S. O. (2015) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2015.00018 · Cited by 73
Eremin, O., Walker, M. B., Simpson, E., Heys, S. D., Ah-See, A. K., Hutcheon, A. W., Ogston, K. N., Sarkar, T. K., Segar, A., & Walker, L. G. (2008) · The Breast · doi:10.1016/j.breast.2008.09.002 · Cited by 71
Rueggeberg, R., Wrosch, C., & Miller, G. E. (2011) · Health Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0025242 · Cited by 75
DiGirolamo, A. M., Quittner, A. L., Ackerman, V. L., & Stevens, J. (1997) · Journal of Clinical Child Psychology · doi:10.1207/s15374424jccp2601_6 · Cited by 68
Stress effects on immunity and its application to clinical immunology
Agarwal, S. K., & Marshall, G. D. (2001) · Clinical & Experimental Allergy · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2222.2001.01005.x · Cited by 69
Does Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport (REDs) Syndrome Exist?
Jeukendrup, A. E., Areta, J. L., Genechten, L. V., Langan‐Evans, C., Pedlar, C. R., Rodas, G., Sale, C., & Walsh, N. P. (2024) · Sports Medicine · doi:10.1007/s40279-024-02108-y · Cited by 86
Effects of Psychological Stress on Innate Immunity and Metabolism in Humans: A Systematic Analysis
Priyadarshini, S., & Aich, P. (2012) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0043232 · Cited by 69
Ring, C., Drayson, M. T., Walkey, D. G., Dale, S., & Carroll, D. (2002) · Biological Psychology · doi:10.1016/s0301-0511(01)00128-4 · Cited by 68
Fuqua, J. L., Stokols, D., Gress, J., Phillips, K., & Harvey, R. (2004) · Substance Use & Misuse · doi:10.1081/ja-200033200 · Cited by 68
Physical activity and stress management during COVID-19: a longitudinal survey study
Vogel, E. A., Zhang, J. S., Peng, K., Heaney, C. A., Lü, Y., Lounsbury, D. W., Hsing, A. W., & Prochaska, J. J. (2021) · Psychology and Health · doi:10.1080/08870446.2020.1869740 · Cited by 71
Barrett, B. P., Hayney, M. S., Muller, D., Rakel, D. P., Brown, R., Zgierska, A. E., Barlow, S., Hayer, S. D., Barnet, J. H., Torres, E. R., et al. (2018) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0197778 · Cited by 68
Seifert, G., Jeitler, M., Stange, R., Michalsen, A., Cramer, H., Brinkhaus, B., Esch, T., Kerckhoff, A., Paul, A. E., Teut, M., et al. (2020) · Frontiers in Medicine · doi:10.3389/fmed.2020.587749 · Cited by 68
Teaching Psychosomatic (Biopsychosocial) Medicine in United States Medical Schools: Survey Findings
Waldstein, S. R., Neumann, S. A., Drossman, D. A., & Novack, D. H. (2001) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/00006842-200105000-00001 · Cited by 66
Factors Associated with Obesity and Coronary Heart Disease in People with Intellectual Disabilities
Sohler, N., Lubetkin, E. I., Levy, J., Soghomonian, C. A., & Rimmerman, A. (2009) · Social Work in Health Care · doi:10.1080/00981380802451160 · Cited by 66
Tausk, F., & Nousari, H. C. (2001) · Archives of Dermatology · doi:10.1001/archderm.137.1.78 · Cited by 67
Harpaz, I., Abutbul, S., Nemirovsky, A., Gal, R., Cohen, H., & Monsonego, A. (2013) · European Journal of Immunology · doi:10.1002/eji.201242613 · Cited by 64
Trawalter, S., Adam, E. K., Chase-Lansdale, P. L., & Richeson, J. A. (2011) · Journal of Experimental Social Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jesp.2011.12.003 · Cited by 65
Wyman, P. A., Moynihan, J. A., Eberly, S. W., Cox, C., Cross, W. F., Jin, X., & Caserta, M. T. (2007) · Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine · doi:10.1001/archpedi.161.3.228 · Cited by 68
Trueba, A. F., Smith, N. B., Auchus, R. J., & Ritz, T. (2013) · Biological Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2013.01.017 · Cited by 69
Causal Reasoning from Longitudinal Data*
Arjas, E., & Parner, J. (2004) · Scandinavian Journal of Statistics · doi:10.1111/j.1467-9469.2004.02-134.x · Cited by 65
O’Connor, T. G., Moynihan, J. A., & Caserta, M. T. (2013) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/jcpp.12187 · Cited by 68
Jakubiak, B. K., & Feeney, B. C. (2016) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/pspi0000062 · Cited by 73
The impact of sport related stressors on immunity and illness risk in team-sport athletes
Keaney, L. C., Kilding, A. E., Mérien, F., & Dulson, D. K. (2018) · Journal of science and medicine in sport · doi:10.1016/j.jsams.2018.05.014 · Cited by 74
Natural killer (Nk) Cell activity and nk cell subsets in workers with a tendency of burnout
Nakamura, H., Nagase, H., Yoshida, M., & Ogino, K. (1999) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/s0022-3999(99)00009-4 · Cited by 65
Turner‐Cobb, J. M. (2005) · Stress · doi:10.1080/10253890500095200 · Cited by 65
Gans, R. O. B. (2006) · Medical Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.mcna.2006.05.002 · Cited by 64
Interplay of Environmental, Individual and Genetic Factors in Rheumatoid Arthritis Provocation
Arleevskaya, M. I., Takha, E., Petrov, S. V., Kazarian, G. G., Renaudineau, Y., Brooks, W. H., Larionova, R., Korovina, M. O., Рафкатовна, В. А., Shuralev, E. A., et al. (2022) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms23158140 · Cited by 66
Psychiatric, Psychological, and Social Determinants of Health in the Nurses’ Health Study Cohorts
Trudel‐Fitzgerald, C., Chen, Y., Singh, A., Okereke, O. I., & Kubzansky, L. D. (2016) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.2016.303318 · Cited by 66
Baars, E. W., Zoen, E. B.-V., Breitkreuz, T., Martin, D. D., Matthes, H., von Schoen-Angerer, T., Soldner, G., Vagedes, J., van Wietmarschen, H., Patijn, O. N., et al. (2019) · Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine · doi:10.1155/2019/5365608 · Cited by 64
Psychosocial stress moderates the relationship of cancer history with natural killer cell activity
VITALIANO, P. P., Scanlan, J. M., Ochs, H. D., Syrjala, K. L., Siegler, I. C., & Snyder, E. A. (1998) · Annals of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1007/bf02884961 · Cited by 64
Wingo, A. P., & Gibson, G. (2015) · Brain, Behavior, and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2014.09.016 · Cited by 59
Littrell, J. L. (2008) · Social Work in Health Care · doi:10.1300/j010v46n04_02 · Cited by 63
Immunological Changes after Cancer Treatment and Participation in an Exercise Program
Hayes, S. C., ROWBOTTOM, D. G., Davies, P. S. W., Parker, A. W., & Bashford, J. (2003) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1097/00005768-200301000-00002 · Cited by 63
Marshall, G. D., & Roy, S. (2007) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-012088576-3/50044-7 · Cited by 62
Longitudinal study of tuberculosis outcomes among immunologically naive Aché natives of Paraguay
Hurtado, A. M., Hill, K. R., Rosenblatt, W., Bender, J., & Sharmen, T. (2003) · American Journal of Physical Anthropology · doi:10.1002/ajpa.10228 · Cited by 62
Bliley, J. M., & Woodley, S. K. (2011) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2011.12.009 · Cited by 60
Stressful life events and risk of symptomatic kidney stones
Najem, G. R. (1997) · International Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/ije/26.5.1017 · Cited by 62
Burns, M. N., Nawacki, E., Kwasny, M., Pelletier, D., & Mohr, D. C. (2013) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291713000755 · Cited by 60
Workshop report: the effects of psychological variables on the progression of HIV-1 disease
Kopnisky, K. L., Stoff, D. M., & Rausch, D. M. (2003) · Brain Behavior and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2003.08.003 · Cited by 64
Mood-related expectancy, emotional experience, and coping behavior.
Catanzaro, S. J., & Mearns, J. (2004) · American Psychological Association eBooks · doi:10.1037/10332-003 · Cited by 61
Khan, B., Ahmad, S. F., Bani, S., Kaul, A., Suri, K. A., Satti, N. K., Athar, M., & Qazi, G. N. (2006) · International Immunopharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.intimp.2006.04.001 · Cited by 61
Stress Hormone Changes and Marital Conflict: Spouses’ Relative Power Makes a Difference
Loving, T. J., Heffner, K. L., Kiecolt‐Glaser, J. K., Glaser, R., & Malarkey, W. B. (2004) · Journal of Marriage and the Family · doi:10.1111/j.0022-2445.2004.00040.x · Cited by 61
Immunology and Homeopathy. 5. The Rationale of the ‘ Simile ’
Bellavite, P., Ortolani, R., Pontarollo, F., Pitari, G., & Conforti, A. (2007) · Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine · doi:10.1093/ecam/nel117 · Cited by 61
Birmaher, B. B., Rabin, B. S., GARCIA, M. R., Jain, U., Whiteside, T. L., Williamson, D. E., Al-Shabbout, M., Nelson, B., Dahl, R. E., & Ryan, N. D. (1994) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-199406000-00008 · Cited by 61
Vahtera, J., Pentti, J., Helenius, H. Y. M., & Mika Kivimaki, B. (2006) · SLEEP · doi:10.1093/sleep/29.5.673 · Cited by 61
Modulation of immune response to rDNA hepatitis B vaccination by psychological stress
Jabaaij, L., van Hattum, J., Vingerhoets, A. J. J. M., Oostveen, F. G., Duivenvoorden, H. J., & BALLIEUX, R. E. (1996) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/0022-3999(96)00123-7 · Cited by 61
Song, Y., Zhou, D., Guan, Z., & Wang, X. (2007) · Neuroimmunomodulation · doi:10.1159/000112050 · Cited by 69
Systemic stress-induced Th2 shift and its clinical implications
Elenkov, I. J. (2002) · International review of neurobiology · doi:10.1016/s0074-7742(02)52009-2 · Cited by 62
Aich, P., Potter, & Griebel (2009) · International Journal of General Medicine · doi:10.2147/ijgm.s4843 · Cited by 60
Trueba, A. F., & Ritz, T. (2012) · Brain Behavior and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2012.09.012 · Cited by 63
Psychosocial influences on upper respiratory infectious illness in children
Turner‐Cobb, J. M., & Steptoe, A. (1998) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/s0022-3999(97)00311-5 · Cited by 60
Hirose, Y., Yamamoto, Y., Yoshikai, Y., & Murosaki, S. (2013) · Journal of Nutritional Science · doi:10.1017/jns.2013.35 · Cited by 59
Psychosocial factors in peptic ulcer and inflammatory bowel disease.
Levenstein, S. (2002) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-006x.70.3.739 · Cited by 58
Metadata
- Authors
- Cohen, S., Tyrrell, D. A. J., & Smith, A. P.
- Affiliations
- Carnegie Mellon University (US)
- Venue
- New England Journal of Medicine
- Publisher
- Massachusetts Medical Society
- Published
- 1991-08-29
- Volume
- 325
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- 606-612
- ISSN
- 0028-4793 (ISSN-L)
- 1533-4406
- OpenAlex
- W2327530675
- Cited by
- 1,712
- References
- 32
- Citations by year
- 2026: 23 · 2025: 30 · 2024: 30 · 2023: 87 · 2022: 62 · 2021: 71 · 2020: 68 · 2019: 46 · 2018: 46 · 2017: 40 · 2016: 46 · 2015: 46 · 2014: 55 · 2013: 51 · 2012: 61
- FWCI
- 18.73
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- New England Journal of Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- KiltHub Repository (submittedVersion)
- Bristol Research (University of Bristol) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (5r01ai023072-04)
- National Institute of Mental Health (MH00721)
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (AI 23072)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Respiratory viral infections research
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cancer Research › Cancer, Stress, Anesthesia, and Immune Response
- Keywords
- psychological stress, common cold, respiratory infections, host resistance to infection, rhinovirus, respiratory syncytial virus, coronavirus, viral challenge, dose-response relationship, stress and disease
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Antibodies, Viral, Common Cold, Coronaviridae Infections, Disease Susceptibility, Female, gamma-Globulins, Humans, Leukocyte Count, Male, Middle Aged, Respirovirus Infections, Personality, Prospective Studies, Respiratory Syncytial Viruses, Rhinovirus, Stress, Psychological
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
