Probucol and Multivitamins in the Prevention of Restenosis after Coronary Angioplasty
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Oxidizing metabolites generated at the site of coronary angioplasty can induce chain reactions that may lead to restenosis. Antioxidants may counter oxidative stress and modify neointimal formation and vascular remodeling. Experimental data and small clinical studies have suggested that antioxidants may prevent restenosis after angioplasty. In a double-blind, randomized trial, we studied whether drugs with antioxidant properties decrease the incidence and severity of restenosis after angioplasty. METHODS: One month before angioplasty, 317 patients were randomly assigned to receive one of four treatments: placebo, probucol (500 mg), multivitamins (30,000 IU of beta carotene, 500 mg of vitamin C, and 700 IU of vitamin E), or both probucol and multivitamins-all given twice daily. Patients were treated for four weeks before and six months after angioplasty. Patients received an extra 1000 mg of probucol, 2000 IU of vitamin E, both probucol and vitamin E, or placebo 12 hours before angioplasty, according to their treatment assignments. Base-line and follow-up angiograms were interpreted by blinded investigators using a quantitative approach. RESULTS: The mean (+/-SD) reduction in luminal diameter six months after angioplasty was 0.12 +/- 0.41 mm in the probucol group, 0.22 +/- 0.46 mm in the combined-treatment group, 0.33 +/- 0.51 in the multivitamin group, and 0.38 +/- 0.50 mm in the placebo group (P = 0.006 for those receiving vs. those not receiving probucol, and P = 0.70 for those receiving vs. those not receiving vitamins. Restenosis rates per segment were 20.7 percent in the probucol group, 28.9 percent in the combined-treatment group, 40.3 percent in the multivitamin group, and 38.9 percent in the placebo group (P = 0.003 for probucol vs. no probucol). The rates of repeat angioplasty were 11.2 percent. 16.2 percent, 24.4 percent, and 26.6 percent, respectively (P = 0.009 for probucol vs. no probucol). CONCLUSIONS: The antioxidant probucol is effective in reducing the rate of restenosis after balloon coronary angioplasty.
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LDL oxidation is an important aspect of the pathogenic mechanism of atherosclerosis.
“From the viewpoint of cell biology672, 673), immunohistology674, 675) and other factors, it has become clear that LDL oxidation is an important aspect of the pathogenic mechanism of atherosclerosis.”
From Japan Atherosclerosis Society (JAS) guidelines for prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases 2017 (2018) · cites this paper as [674]
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- Authors
- Tardif, J.-C., Côté, G., Lespérance, J., Bourassa, M., Lambert, J., Doucet, S., Bilodeau, L., Nattel, S., & de Guise, P.
- Affiliations
- Montreal Heart Institute (CA)
- Venue
- New England Journal of Medicine
- Publisher
- Massachusetts Medical Society
- Published
- 1997-08-07
- Volume
- 337
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 365-372
- ISSN
- 0028-4793 (ISSN-L)
- 1533-4406
- OpenAlex
- W2330609598
- Cited by
- 565
- References
- 42
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 12 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 12
- FWCI
- 62.01
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- New England Journal of Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Coronary Interventions and Diagnostics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Biochemistry › Antioxidant Activity and Oxidative Stress
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Nitric Oxide and Endothelin Effects
- Keywords
- probucol, multivitamins, antioxidant therapy, coronary restenosis, coronary angioplasty, neointima formation, vitamin E, beta-carotene, vitamin C, oxidative stress, vascular remodeling, repeat angioplasty, coronary heart disease prevention, lipid peroxidation inhibition
- MeSH terms
- Antioxidants, Ascorbic Acid, Coronary Disease, Double-Blind Method, Drug Therapy, Combination, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Probucol, Recurrence, Vitamin E, Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary, Treatment Outcome, Coronary Angiography, beta Carotene
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