Cited by 2,953Lipoproteins and Cardiovascular HealthInflammatory Biomarkers in Disease PrognosisAdipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 37 of the 37 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

C-Reactive Protein and Other Circulating Markers of Inflammation in the Prediction of Coronary Heart Disease

Open access

Danesh, John, Wheeler, Jeremy G., Hirschfield, Gideon M., Eda, Shinichi, Eiriksdottir, Gudny, Rumley, Ann, Lowe, Gordon D.O., Pepys, Mark B., Gudnason, Vilmundur·2004·New England Journal of Medicine

DOI 10.1056/nejmoa032804

Open this paper in CoChat — free account Open PDF

Abstract

BACKGROUND: C-reactive protein is an inflammatory marker believed to be of value in the prediction of coronary events. We report data from a large study of C-reactive protein and other circulating inflammatory markers, as well as updated meta-analyses, to evaluate their relevance to the prediction of coronary heart disease. METHODS: Measurements were made in samples obtained at base line from up to 2459 patients who had a nonfatal myocardial infarction or died of coronary heart disease during the study and from up to 3969 controls without a coronary heart disease event in the Reykjavik prospective study of 18,569 participants. Measurements were made in paired samples obtained an average of 12 years apart from 379 of these participants in order to quantify within-person fluctuations in inflammatory marker levels. RESULTS: The long-term stability of C-reactive protein values (within-person correlation coefficient, 0.59; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.52 to 0.66) was similar to that of both blood pressure and total serum cholesterol. After adjustment for base-line values for established risk factors, the odds ratio for coronary heart disease was 1.45 (95 percent confidence interval, 1.25 to 1.68) in a comparison of participants in the top third of the group with respect to base-line C-reactive protein values with those in the bottom third, and similar overall findings were observed in an updated meta-analysis involving a total of 7068 patients with coronary heart disease. By comparison, the odds ratios in the Reykjavik Study for coronary heart disease were somewhat weaker for the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (1.30; 95 percent confidence interval, 1.13 to 1.51) and the von Willebrand factor concentration (1.11; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.97 to 1.27) but generally stronger for established risk factors, such as an increased total cholesterol concentration (2.35; 95 percent confidence interval, 2.03 to 2.74) and cigarette smoking (1.87; 95 percent confidence interval, 1.62 to 2.16). CONCLUSIONS: C-reactive protein is a relatively moderate predictor of coronary heart disease. Recommendations regarding its use in predicting the likelihood of coronary heart disease may need to be reviewed.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1056/nejmoa032804

Cites

37 of 37 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

We couldn’t retrieve this paper’s full text, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Atherosclerosis--an inflammatory disease
Ross, R. (1999) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199901143400207 · Cited by 21,725
Markers of Inflammation and Cardiovascular Disease: Application to Clinical and Public Health Practice: A Statement for Healthcare Professionals From the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the American Heart Association
Pearson, T. A., Mensah, G. A., Alexander, R. W., Anderson, J. L., Cannon, R. O., Criqui, M., Fadl, Y. Y., Fortmann, S. P., Hong, Y., Myers, G. L., et al. (2003) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.0000052939.59093.45 · Cited by 6,401
Inflammation, aspirin, and the risk of cardiovascular disease in apparently healthy men
Ridker, P. M., Cushman, M., Stampfer, M. J., Tracy, R. P., & Hennekens, C. H. (1997) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199704033361401 · Cited by 5,504
C-reactive protein: a critical update
Pepys, M. B., & Hirschfield, G. M. (2003) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci18921 · Cited by 4,694
Self-citation
Comparison of C-Reactive Protein and Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Levels in the Prediction of First Cardiovascular Events
Ridker, P. M., Rifai, N., Rose, L., Buring, J. E., & Cook, N. R. (2002) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa021993 · Cited by 3,604
C-Reactive Protein, a Sensitive Marker of Inflammation, Predicts Future Risk of Coronary Heart Disease in Initially Healthy Middle-Aged Men
Köenig, W., Sund, M., Fröhlich, M., Fischer, H.-G., Löwel, H., Döring, A., Hutchinson, W. L., & Pepys, M. B. (1999) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.99.2.237 · Cited by 1,952
Self-citation
Low grade inflammation and coronary heart disease: prospective study and updated meta-analyses
Danesh, J. (2000) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.321.7255.199 · Cited by 1,692
Self-citation
Prospective Study of C-Reactive Protein and the Risk of Future Cardiovascular Events Among Apparently Healthy Women
Ridker, P. M., Buring, J. E., Shih, J., Matias, M., & Hennekens, C. H. (1998) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.98.8.731 · Cited by 1,642
Measurement of C-reactive protein for the targeting of statin therapy in the primary prevention of acute coronary events
Ridker, P. M., Rifai, N., Clearfield, M., Downs, J. R., Weis, S. E., Miles, J. S., & Gotto, A. M. (2001) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm200106283442601 · Cited by 1,557
Associations of elevated interleukin-6 and C-reactive protein levels with mortality in the elderly
Harris, T. B., Ferrucci, L., Tracy, R. P., Corti, M. C., Wacholder, S., Ettinger, W. H., Heimovitz, H., Cohen, H. J., & Wallace, R. (1999) · The American Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1016/s0002-9343(99)00066-2 · Cited by 1,488

Flagged first, then by citations

Show all 37 references

Research works printed but not linked: 2

Tulinius H, 1997, Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev, 6, 863
Witherell H, 1999, Gastroenterology, 116, A355

Sorted by citations

Items 501–600 of 1,014

Genistein inhibits TNF-α-induced endothelial inflammation through the protein kinase pathway A and improves vascular inflammation in C57BL/6 mice
Jia, Z., Babu, P. V. A., Si, H., Nallasamy, P., Zhu, H., Wei, Z., Misra, H. P., Li, Y., & Liu, D. (2013) · International Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.ijcard.2013.03.035 · Cited by 99
Genetic variants, plasma lipoprotein(a) levels, and risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality among two prospective cohorts of type 2 diabetes
Qi, Q., Workalemahu, T., Zhang, C., Hu, F. B., & Qi, L. (2011) · European Heart Journal · doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehr350 · Cited by 97
Transgenic human CRP is not pro-atherogenic, pro-atherothrombotic or pro-inflammatory in apoE−/− mice
Tennent, G. A., Hutchinson, W. L., Kahan, M., Hirschfield, G. M., Gallimore, J. R., Lewin, J. F., Sabin, C. A., Dhillon, A. P., & Pepys, M. B. (2007) · Atherosclerosis · doi:10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2007.05.010 · Cited by 100
Self-citation
Regulation of eNOS in Caveolae
Mineo, C., & Shaul, P. W. (2012) · Advances in experimental medicine and biology · doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-1222-9_4 · Cited by 95
Ambient source-specific particles are associated with prolonged repolarization and increased levels of inflammation in male coronary artery disease patients
Yue, W., Schneider, A. E., Stölzel, M., Rückerl, R., Cyrys, J., Pan, X., Zaręba, W., Köenig, W., Wichmann, H. ‐., & Peters, A. (2007) · Mutation research. Fundamental and molecular mechanisms of mutagenesis · doi:10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2007.02.009 · Cited by 95
Multiligand Specificity and Wide Tissue Expression of GPRC6A Reveals New Endocrine Networks
Pi, M., & Quarles, L. D. (2012) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/en.2011-2117 · Cited by 95
Low-Grade Inflammation and Microalbuminuria in Hypertension
Pedrinelli, R., Dell’Omo, G., Bello, V. D., Pellegrini, G., Pucci, L., Prato, S. D., & Penno, G. (2004) · Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis and Vascular Biology · doi:10.1161/01.atv.0000147415.40692.7f · Cited by 95
Inflammation Biomarkers and Near-Term Death in Older Men
Jenny, N. S., Yanez, N. D., Psaty, B. M., Kuller, L. H., Hirsch, C. H., & Tracy, R. P. (2007) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/aje/kwk057 · Cited by 95
Association of Educational Level with Inflammatory Markers in the Framingham Offspring Study
Loucks, E. B., SULLIVAN, L. M., Hayes, L. J., D’Agostino, R. B., Larson, M. G., Vasan, R. S., Benjamin, E. J., & Berkman, L. F. (2006) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/aje/kwj076 · Cited by 95
Inflammatory markers and cardiovascular risk in the metabolic syndrome.
Espinola-Klein, C., Gori, T., Blankenberg, S., & Munzel, T. (2011) · Frontiers in Bioscience · doi:10.2741/3812 · Cited by 100
Prognostic Impact of the Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index on Long-Term Outcomes in Patients Who Underwent Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
Wada, H., Dohi, T., Miyauchi, K., Doi, S., Naito, R., Konishi, H., Tsuboi, S., Ogita, M., Kasai, T., Hassan, A., et al. (2017) · The American Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.amjcard.2017.02.051 · Cited by 94
Quest for Novel Cardiovascular Biomarkers by Proteomic Analysis
Vivanco, F., Martı́n-Ventura, J. L., Durán-Ruiz, M. C., Barderas, M. G., Blanco‐Colio, L. M., Dardé, V. M., Mas, S., Meilhac, O., Michel, J., Tuñón, J., et al. (2005) · Journal of Proteome Research · doi:10.1021/pr0500197 · Cited by 92
White Blood Cell Count, Especially Neutrophil Count, as a Predictor of Hypertension in a Japanese Population
Tatsukawa, Y., Hsu, W., Yamada, M., COLOGNE, J. B., Suzuki, G., Yamamoto, H., Yamane, K., Akahoshi, M., Fujiwara, S., & Kohno, N. (2008) · Hypertension Research · doi:10.1291/hypres.31.1391 · Cited by 92
Childhood socioeconomic status and inflammation: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Milaniak, I., & Jaffee, S. R. (2019) · Brain Behavior and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2019.01.018 · Cited by 104
High Serum C-Reactive Protein Level Is Not an Independent Predictor for Stroke
Bos, M. J., Schipper, C. M. A., Koudstaal, P. J., Witteman, J. C. M., Albert Hofman, D., & Breteler, M. M. B. (2006) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.106.619833 · Cited by 93
Conditional Risk Factors for Atherosclerosis
Kullo, I. J., & Ballantyne, C. M. (2005) · Mayo Clinic Proceedings · doi:10.4065/80.2.219 · Cited by 93
High Sensitivity C-reactive Protein (hsCRP) and its Implications in Cardiovascular Outcomes
Denegri, A., & Boriani, G. (2020) · Current Pharmaceutical Design · doi:10.2174/1381612826666200717090334 · Cited by 98
High-Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein Predicts Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetic and Nondiabetic Patients: Effects of Insulin-Sensitizing Treatment with Pioglitazone
Pfützner, A., Schöndorf, T., Markolf Hanefeld, E., & Forst, T. M. (2010) · Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology · doi:10.1177/193229681000400326 · Cited by 92
Secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure is associated with circulating markers of inflammation and endothelial function in adult men and women
Jefferis, B. J. M. H., Lowe, G. D. O., Welsh, P. I., Rumley, A., Lawlor, D. A., Ebrahim, S. B. J., Carson, C., Doig, M. V., Feyerabend, C., McMeekin, L. J., et al. (2009) · Atherosclerosis · doi:10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2009.07.044 · Cited by 95
Self-citation
Role of C-Reactive Protein in Atherogenesis
Reifenberg, K., Lehr, H., Baskal, D., Wiese, E., Schaefer, S. C., Black, S., Samols, D. R., Torzewski, M., Lackner, K. J., Husmann, M., et al. (2005) · Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis and Vascular Biology · doi:10.1161/01.atv.0000171983.95612.90 · Cited by 92
Analysis of N-terminal-pro-brain natriuretic peptide and C-reactive protein for risk stratification in stable and unstable coronary artery disease: results from the AtheroGene study
Schnabel, R. B., Rupprecht, H. J., Lackner, K. J., Lubos, E., Bickel, C., Meyer, J., Münzel, T. F., Cambien, F., Tiret, L., & Blankenberg, S. (2004) · European Heart Journal · doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehi036 · Cited by 92
Atherosclerosis in psoriatic arthritis
Ramonda, R., Nigro, A. L., Modesti, V., Nalotto, L., Musacchio, E., Iaccarino, L., Punzi, L., & Doria, A. (2011) · Autoimmunity Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.autrev.2011.05.022 · Cited by 91
Consolidated and emerging inflammatory markers in coronary artery disease
Lubrano, V. (2015) · World Journal of Experimental Medicine · doi:10.5493/wjem.v5.i1.21 · Cited by 92
A Common Polymorphism in the Complement Factor H Gene Is Associated With Increased Risk of Myocardial Infarction
Kardys, I., Klaver, C. C. W., Despriet, D. D. G., Bergen, A. A. B., Uitterlinden, A. G., Albert Hofman, D., Oostra, B. A., van Duijn, C. M., de Jong, P. T. V. M., & Witteman, J. C. M. (2006) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2005.11.076 · Cited by 91
Statins, inflammation and kidney disease
Krane, V., & Wanner, C. (2011) · Nature Reviews Nephrology · doi:10.1038/nrneph.2011.62 · Cited by 89
Relation of circulating PCSK9 concentration to fibrinogen in patients with stable coronary artery disease
Zhang, Y., Zhu, C., Xu, R., Li, S., Guo, Y., Sun, J., & Li, J. (2014) · Journal of clinical lipidology · doi:10.1016/j.jacl.2014.07.001 · Cited by 92
The relationship between trace elements and cardiac markers in acute coronary syndromes
Altekin, E., Çöker, C., Şişman, A. R., Önvural, B., Kuralay, F., & Kırımlı, Ö. (2005) · Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology · doi:10.1016/j.jtemb.2004.12.002 · Cited by 88
Measures of endothelial dysfunction in plasma of patients with posttraumatic stress disorder
von Känel, R., Hepp, U., Traber, R., Kraemer, B., Mica, L., Keel, M. J. B., Mausbach, B. T., & Schnyder, U. (2008) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2006.12.003 · Cited by 90
Serum levels of YKL-40 increases in patients with acute myocardial infarction
Nøjgaard, C., Høst, N. B., Christensen, I. J., Poulsen, S. H., Egstrup, K., Price, P. A., & Johansen, J. S. (2008) · Coronary Artery Disease · doi:10.1097/mca.0b013e3282f40dd5 · Cited by 90
C-reactive protein gene haplotypes and risk of coronary heart disease: the Rotterdam Study
Kardys, I., de Maat, M. P. M., Uitterlinden, A. G., Albert Hofman, D., & Witteman, J. C. M. (2006) · European Heart Journal · doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehl018 · Cited by 90
High-sensitivity C-reactive protein as a biomarker of risk in coronary artery disease
Silva, D., & de Lacerda, A. P. (2012) · Revista Portuguesa de Cardiologia (English Edition) · doi:10.1016/j.repce.2012.09.006 · Cited by 90
The clinical impact of systemic low-level inflammation in elderly populations. With special reference to cardiovascular disease, dementia and mortality.
Brüünsgaard, H. (2006) · PubMed · Cited by 90
C-Reactive Protein and Coronary Heart Disease
Ridker, P. M., Koenig, W., & Fuster, V. (2004) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm200407153510318 · Cited by 90
Circulating biomarkers with preventive, diagnostic and prognostic implications in cardiovascular diseases
Battistoni, A., Rubattu, S., & Volpe, M. (2011) · International Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.ijcard.2011.06.066 · Cited by 90
Association Between Carotid Artery Perivascular Fat Density and Cerebrovascular Ischemic Events
Baradaran, H., Myneni, P. K., Patel, P., Askin, G., Gialdini, G., Al‐Dasuqi, K., Kamel, H., & Gupta, A. K. (2018) · Journal of the American Heart Association · doi:10.1161/jaha.118.010383 · Cited by 89
Lifestyle and biological factors influence the relationship between mental health and low-grade inflammation
Gialluisi, A., Bonaccio, M., Castelnuovo, A. F. D., Costanzo, S., Curtis, A. D., Sarchiapone, M., Cerletti, C., Donati, M. B., de Gaetano, G., Iacoviello, L., et al. (2019) · Brain Behavior and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2019.04.041 · Cited by 94
Thyroid Disease and Increased Cardiovascular Risk
Nyirenda, M., Clark, D. N., Finlayson, A. R., Read, J., Elders, A., Bain, M., Fox, K. A. A., & Toft, A. D. (2005) · Thyroid · doi:10.1089/thy.2005.15.718 · Cited by 89
Plasma levels of von Willebrand factor in the etiologic subtypes of ischemic stroke
HANSON, E., Jood, K., Karlsson, S. A., Nilsson, S., Blomstrand, C., & Jern, C. (2010) · Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis · doi:10.1111/j.1538-7836.2010.04134.x · Cited by 89
Metformin inhibits nuclear factor κB activation and decreases serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein level in experimental atherogenesis of rabbits
Li, S.-N., Wang, X., Zeng, Q.-T., Feng, Y.-B., Cheng, X., Mao, X.-B., Wang, T.-H., & Deng, H.-P. (2009) · Heart and Vessels · doi:10.1007/s00380-008-1137-7 · Cited by 88
The Effect of Breastfeeding on Cardiorespiratory Risk Factors in Adult Life
Rudnicka, A. R., Owen, C. G., & Strachan, D. P. (2007) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.2006-2149 · Cited by 88
Mass spectrometry for translational proteomics: progress and clinical implications
Baker, E. S., Liu, T., Petyuk, V., Burnum-Johnson, K., Ibrahim, Y., Anderson, G., & Smith, R. D. (2012) · Genome Medicine · doi:10.1186/gm364 · Cited by 94
Lipoprotein-Associated Phospholipase A 2 and Prognosis After Myocardial Infarction in the Community
Gerber, Y., McConnell, J. P., Jaffe, A. S., Weston, S. A., Killian, J. M., & Roger, V. L. (2006) · Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis and Vascular Biology · doi:10.1161/01.atv.0000240406.89440.0c · Cited by 88
Can haematological tests predict cardiovascular risk? The 2005 Kettle Lecture*
Lowe, G. D. O. (2006) · British Journal of Haematology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2141.2006.06021.x · Cited by 86
Self-citation
Elevated C-Reactive Protein in Atherosclerosis — Chicken or Egg?
Schunkert, H., & Samani, N. J. (2008) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejme0807235 · Cited by 87
The link between insulin resistance parameters and serum uric acid is mediated by adiposity
Mazidi, M., Katsiki, N., Mikhailidis, D. P., & Banach, M. (2017) · Atherosclerosis · doi:10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2017.12.033 · Cited by 86
Personalized Antidepressant Selection and Pathway to Novel Treatments: Clinical Utility of Targeting Inflammation
Jha, M. K., & Trivedi, M. H. (2018) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms19010233 · Cited by 87
High-Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein Is Not Associated With Carotid Intima-Media Progression
Lorenz, M., Karbstein, P., Markus, H. S., & Sitzer, M. (2007) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/strokeaha.106.476135 · Cited by 87
C-reactive protein and cardiovascular disease: Weighing the evidence
Lowe, G. D. O., & Pepys, M. B. (2006) · Current Atherosclerosis Reports · doi:10.1007/s11883-006-0040-x · Cited by 87
Self-citation
Coagulation and inflammation markers during atypical or typical antipsychotic treatment in schizophrenia patients and drug-free first-degree relatives
Carrizo, E., Fernández, V., Quintero, J., Connell, L., Rodríguez, Z., Mosquera, M., Acosta, A., & Baptista, T. (2008) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2008.03.004 · Cited by 88
GPRC6A: Jack of all metabolism (or master of none)
Pi, M., Nishimoto, S. K., & Quarles, L. D. (2016) · Molecular Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.molmet.2016.12.006 · Cited by 85
Low-dose ionising radiation and cardiovascular diseases – Strategies for molecular epidemiological studies in Europe
Kreuzer, M., Auvinen, A., Cardis, E., Hall, J., Jourdain, J.-R., Laurier, D., Little, M. P., Peters, A., Raj, K., Russell, N. S., et al. (2015) · Mutation Research/Reviews in Mutation Research · doi:10.1016/j.mrrev.2015.03.002 · Cited by 86
Alteration of immune markers in a group of melancholic depressed patients and their response to electroconvulsive therapy
Rush, G., O’Donovan, A., Nagle, L., Conway, C., McCrohan, A., O’Farrelly, C., Lucey, J. V., & Malone, K. M. (2016) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2016.06.035 · Cited by 86
Air Pollution from Road Traffic and Systemic Inflammation in Adults: A Cross-Sectional Analysis in the European ESCAPE Project
Lanki, T., Hampel, R., Tiittanen, P., Andrich, S., Beelen, R. M. J., Brunekreef, B., Dratva, J., Fairé, U. D., Fuks, K. B., Hoffmann, B. H., et al. (2015) · Environmental Health Perspectives · doi:10.1289/ehp.1408224 · Cited by 86
Neurobiology and Therapeutic Potential of Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) Inhibitors for Inflammation in Neuropsychiatric Disorders
Sethi, R., Gómez‐Coronado, N., Walker, A. J., Robertson, O. D., Agustini, B., Berk, M., & Dodd, S. (2019) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00605 · Cited by 90
S100 proteins in atherosclerosis
Xiao, X., Chen, Y., Qu, S.-L., Shao, Y.-D., Zhou, C.-Y., Chao, R., Huang, L., & Zhang, C. (2019) · Clinica Chimica Acta · doi:10.1016/j.cca.2019.11.019 · Cited by 88
Domains of Chronic Stress, Lifestyle Factors, and Allostatic Load in Middle-Aged Mexican-American Women
Gallo, L. C., Jiménez, J. A., Shivpuri, S., Monteros, K. E. D. L., & Mills, P. J. (2010) · Annals of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1007/s12160-010-9233-1 · Cited by 91
Serum amyloid A: The “other” inflammatory protein
O’Brien, K. D., & Chait, A. (2006) · Current Atherosclerosis Reports · doi:10.1007/s11883-006-0066-0 · Cited by 87
Biomarkers of Inflammation and Malnutrition Associated with Early Death in Healthy Elderly People
Carrière, I., Dupuy, A., Lacroux, A., Cristol, J., Delcourt, C., & the Pathologies Oculaires Liées à l'Age Study Group (2008) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1111/j.1532-5415.2008.01677.x · Cited by 85
The associations of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and downstream inflammatory markers with risk of cardiovascular disease: The Caerphilly Study
Patterson, C., Smith, A. E., YARNELL, J. W. G., Rumley, A., Ben‐Shlomo, Y., & Lowe, G. D. O. (2009) · Atherosclerosis · doi:10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2009.09.030 · Cited by 88
Self-citation
C-reactive protein is related to extent and progression of coronary and extra-coronary atherosclerosis; results from the Rotterdam study
Elias‐Smale, S. E., Kardys, I., Oudkerk, M., Albert Hofman, D., & Witteman, J. C. M. (2007) · Atherosclerosis · doi:10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2007.07.006 · Cited by 86
Cardiovascular effects of bariatric surgery
Beamish, A. J., Olbers, T., Kelly, A. S., & Inge, T. H. (2016) · Nature Reviews Cardiology · doi:10.1038/nrcardio.2016.162 · Cited by 84
Sulforaphane reduces vascular inflammation in mice and prevents TNF-α-induced monocyte adhesion to primary endothelial cells through interfering with the NF-κB pathway
Nallasamy, P., Si, H., Babu, P. V. A., Pan, D., Fu, Y., Brooke, E. A. S., Shah, H., Wei, Z., Zhu, H., Liu, D., et al. (2014) · The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry · doi:10.1016/j.jnutbio.2014.03.011 · Cited by 85
Clinical approach to the inflammatory etiology of cardiovascular diseases
Ruscica, M., Corsini, A., Ferri, N., Banach, M., & Sirtori, C. R. (2020) · Pharmacological Research · doi:10.1016/j.phrs.2020.104916 · Cited by 87
Circulating inflammatory and hemostatic biomarkers are associated with risk of myocardial infarction and coronary death, but not angina pectoris, in older men
Wannamethee, S. G., Whincup, P. H., Shaper, A. G., Rumley, A., LENNON, L. T., & Lowe, G. D. O. (2009) · Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis · doi:10.1111/j.1538-7836.2009.03574.x · Cited by 84
Self-citation
A frequent toll-like receptor (TLR)-2 polymorphism is a risk factor for coronary restenosis
Hamann, L., Gomma, A., Schröder, N. W. J., Stamme, C., Glaeser, C., Schulz, S., Gross, M. C., Anker, S. D., Fox, K. M., & Schumann, R. R. (2005) · Journal of Molecular Medicine · doi:10.1007/s00109-005-0643-7 · Cited by 85
Plasma homocysteine predicts progression of atherosclerosis
Rasouli, M. L., Nasir, K., Blumenthal, R. S., Park, R., Aziz, D. C., & Budoff, M. J. (2005) · Atherosclerosis · doi:10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2005.01.001 · Cited by 85
Cardiovascular Biomarkers in CKD: Pathophysiology and Implications for Clinical Management of Cardiac Disease
Roberts, M. A., Hare, D. L., Ratnaike, S., & Ierino, F. L. (2006) · American Journal of Kidney Diseases · doi:10.1053/j.ajkd.2006.06.005 · Cited by 86
Is Inflammatory Bowel Disease a Risk Factor for Early Atherosclerosis?
Dağlı, N., Poyrazoğlu, O. K., Dağlı, A. F., Şahbaz, F., Karaca, I., Kobat, M. A., & Bahçecioğlu, İ. H. (2009) · Angiology · doi:10.1177/0003319709333869 · Cited by 84
Is Plasma Oxidized Low-Density Lipoprotein, Measured With the Widely Used Antibody 4E6, an Independent Predictor of Coronary Heart Disease Among U.S. Men and Women?
Wu, T., Willett, W. C., Rifai, N., Shai, I., Manson, J. E., & Rimm, E. B. (2006) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2006.03.057 · Cited by 85
Which leukocyte subsets predict cardiovascular mortality? From the LUdwigshafen RIsk and Cardiovascular Health (LURIC) Study
Hartaigh, B. Ó., Bosch, J. A., Thomas, G. N., Lord, J. M., Pilz, S., Loerbroks, A., Kleber, M. E., Grammer, T. B., Fischer, J. E., Boehm, B. O., et al. (2012) · Atherosclerosis · doi:10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2012.04.012 · Cited by 85
Effects of Caloric Restriction and Exercise on Age-Related, Chronic Inflammation Assessed by C-Reactive Protein and Interleukin-6
Kalani, R., Judge, S., Carter, C., Pahor, M., & Leeuwenburgh, C. (2006) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A · doi:10.1093/gerona/61.3.211 · Cited by 85
Addressing the Perfect Storm: Biomarkers in Obesity and Pathophysiology of Cardiometabolic Risk
Aleksandrova, K., Mozaffarian, D., & Pischon, T. (2017) · Clinical Chemistry · doi:10.1373/clinchem.2017.275172 · Cited by 88
Distribution and determinants of serum high‐sensitive C‐reactive protein in a population of young adults. The Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study
Raitakari, M., Mansikkaniemi, K., Marniemi, J., Viikari, J. S. A., & Raitakari, O. T. (2005) · Journal of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2796.2005.01563.x · Cited by 86
CRP—Marker or Maker of Cardiovascular Disease?
Nilsson, J. Å. (2005) · Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis and Vascular Biology · doi:10.1161/01.atv.0000174796.81443.3f · Cited by 85
Chronic airflow obstruction and markers of systemic inflammation: Results from the BOLD study in Iceland
Thorleifsson, S. J., Margrétardóttir, Ó. B., Guðmundsson, G., Ólafsson, Í., Benediktsdóttir, B., Janson, C., Buist, A. S., & Gíslason, Þ. (2009) · Respiratory Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.rmed.2009.04.005 · Cited by 85
Association between periodontal diseases and systemic diseases
Weidlich, P., Cimões, R., Pannuti, C. M., & Oppermann, R. V. (2008) · Brazilian Oral Research · doi:10.1590/s1806-83242008000500006 · Cited by 84
C-reactive protein in the prediction of cardiovascular and overall mortality in middle-aged men: a population-based cohort study
Laaksonen, D. E., NISKANEN, L. K., Nyyssönen, K., Punnonen, K. R. A., Tuomainen, T., & Salonen, J. T. (2005) · European Heart Journal · doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehi237 · Cited by 84
Effect of rheumatoid factor on mortality and coronary heart disease
Tómasson, G., Aspelund, T., JÓNSSON, T., Valdimarsson, H., Felson, D. T., & Gudnason, V. G. (2009) · Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases · doi:10.1136/ard.2009.110536 · Cited by 83
Self-citation
Inflammatory Markers, Angiographic Severity of Coronary Artery Disease, and Patient Outcome
Sukhija, R., Fahdi, I. E., Garza, L., Fink, L. M., Scott, M., Aude, Y. W., Pacheco, R., Bursac, Z., Grant, A. A., & Mehta, J. L. (2007) · The American Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.amjcard.2006.11.032 · Cited by 83
Protective effects of genistein in homocysteine-induced endothelial cell inflammatory injury
Han, S., Wu, H. B. K., Li, W., & Gao, P. (2015) · Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry · doi:10.1007/s11010-015-2335-0 · Cited by 84
Cross-Sectional Relations of Multiple Biomarkers From Distinct Biological Pathways to Brachial Artery Endothelial Function
Kathiresan, S., Gona, P. N., Larson, M. G., Vita, J. A., Mitchell, G. F., Tofler, G. H., Levy, D. A., Newton‐Cheh, C., Wang, T. J., Benjamin, E. J., et al. (2006) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.105.580233 · Cited by 83
Cardiovascular Death and the Metabolic Syndrome
Langenberg, C., Bergstrom, J., Scheidt‐Nave, C., Pfeilschifter, J., & Barrett-Connor, E. L. (2006) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc05-2385 · Cited by 83
Lifecourse Socioeconomic Position, C-Reactive Protein, and Carotid Intima-Media Thickness in Young Adults
Mika Kivimaki, B., Lawlor, D. A., Juonala, M., Smith, G. D., Elovainio, M. J., Keltikangas‐Järvinen, L., Vahtera, J., Viikari, J. S. A., & Raitakari, O. T. (2005) · Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis and Vascular Biology · doi:10.1161/01.atv.0000183729.91449.6e · Cited by 84
Genetic determinants of von Willebrand factor levels and activity in relation to the risk of cardiovascular disease: a review
de Maat, M. P. M., Leebeek, F. W. G., van Schie, M. C., & van Loon, J. E. (2011) · Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis · doi:10.1111/j.1538-7836.2011.04243.x · Cited by 82
Evaluation of intima media thickness of the common and internal carotid arteries with inflammatory markers in familial Mediterranean fever as possible predictors for atherosclerosis
Bilginer, Y., Özaltın, F., Başaran, C., Düzova, A., Beşbaş, N., Topaloğlu, R., Özen, S., & Bakkaloğlu, A. (2008) · Rheumatology International · doi:10.1007/s00296-008-0605-9 · Cited by 82
Plasma C-Reactive Protein Levels Are Associated With Improved Outcome in ARDS
Bajwa, E. K., Khan, U. A., Januzzi, J. L., Gong, M. N., Thompson, B., & Christiani, D. C. (2009) · CHEST Journal · doi:10.1378/chest.08-2413 · Cited by 82
Cardiac tissue oxidative stress and inflammation after vitamin D administrations in high fat- diet induced obese rats
Farhangi, M. A., Nameni, G., Hajiluian, G., & Mesgari-Abbasi, M. (2017) · BMC Cardiovascular Disorders · doi:10.1186/s12872-017-0597-z · Cited by 81
Kidney function and multiple hemostatic markers: cross sectional associations in the multi-ethnic study of atherosclerosis
Dubin, R. F., Cushman, M., Folsom, A. R., Fried, L. F., Palmas, W., Peralta, C. A., Wassel, C. L., & Shlipak, M. G. (2011) · BMC Nephrology · doi:10.1186/1471-2369-12-3 · Cited by 81
Glucocorticoid resistance and β2-adrenergic receptor signaling pathways promote peripheral pro-inflammatory conditions associated with chronic psychological stress: A systematic review across species
Walsh, C. P., Bovbjerg, D. H., & Marsland, A. L. (2021) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.06.013 · Cited by 87
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Important Underrecognised Cardiometabolic Risk Factor in Reproductive-Age Women
Baldani, D. P., Škrgatić, L., & Ougouag, R. (2015) · International Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1155/2015/786362 · Cited by 85
Prospective association of periodontal disease with cardiovascular and all-cause mortality: NHANES III follow-up study
Xu, F., & Lü, B. (2011) · Atherosclerosis · doi:10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2011.07.091 · Cited by 81
Optimization of digestion parameters for protein quantification
Norrgran, J., Williams, T. L., Woolfitt, A. R., Solano, M. I., Pirkle, J. L., & Barr, J. R. (2009) · Analytical Biochemistry · doi:10.1016/j.ab.2009.05.050 · Cited by 81
Cardiovascular risk and rheumatoid arthritis: clinical practice guidelines based on published evidence and expert opinion
Pham, T., Gossec, L., Constantin, A., Pavy, S., Bruckert, É., Cantagrel, A. G., Combe, B. G., Flipo, R., Goupille, P., Loët, X. L., et al. (2006) · Joint Bone Spine · doi:10.1016/j.jbspin.2006.01.014 · Cited by 81
Influence of Genetic Variation in the C‐Reactive Protein Gene on the Inflammatory Response During and After Acute Coronary Ischemia
Danik, J. S., Chasman, D. I., Cannon, C. P., Miller, D. T., Zee, R. Y. L., Kozłowski, P., Kwiatkowski, D. J., & Ridker, P. M. (2006) · Annals of Human Genetics · doi:10.1111/j.1469-1809.2006.00272.x · Cited by 80
Association of serum uric acid with cardiovascular disease in rheumatoid arthritis
Panoulas, V. F., Milionis, H. J., Douglas, K., Nightingale, P., Kita, M. D., Klocke, R., Elisaf, M., & Kitas, G. D. (2007) · Lara D. Veeken · doi:10.1093/rheumatology/kem159 · Cited by 81
High-Sensitivity CRP Is an Independent Risk Factor for All Fractures and Vertebral Fractures in Elderly Men: The MrOS Sweden Study
Eriksson, A. L., Movérare‐Skrtic, S., Ljunggren, Ö., Karlsson, M. K., Mellström, D., & Ohlsson, C. (2013) · Journal of Bone and Mineral Research · doi:10.1002/jbmr.2037 · Cited by 81
Polymorphisms of the CRP gene inhibit inflammatory response and increase susceptibility to depression: The Health in Men Study
Almeida, O. P., Norman, P. E., Allcock, R., Bockxmeer, F. V., Hankey, G. J., Jamrozik, K., & Flicker, L. (2009) · International Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/ije/dyp199 · Cited by 80
Persistent depressive symptomatology and inflammation: To what extent do health behaviours and weight control mediate this relationship?
Hamer, M., Molloy, G. J., de Oliveira, C., & Demakakos, P. (2009) · Brain, Behavior, and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2009.01.005 · Cited by 82
Metagenomic analysis of the gut microbiome in atherosclerosis patients identify cross‐cohort microbial signatures and potential therapeutic target
Liu, S., Zhao, W., Liu, X., & Cheng, L. (2020) · The FASEB Journal · doi:10.1096/fj.202000622r · Cited by 79
Effect of atorvastatin on inflammation and outcome in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus on hemodialysis
Krane, V., for the German Diabetes and Dialysis Study Investigators, Winkler, K., Drechsler, C., Lilienthal, J., März, W., & Wanner, C. (2008) · Kidney International · doi:10.1038/ki.2008.484 · Cited by 79

Authors: Danesh, J., Wheeler, J. G., Hirschfield, G. M., Eda, S., Eiriksdottir, G., Rumley, A., Lowe, G. D. O., Pepys, M. B., & Gudnason, V.
Affiliations: University of Cambridge (GB)
The Royal Free Hospital (GB)
Roche (Japan) (JP)
Glasgow Royal Infirmary (GB)
Icelandic Heart Association (IS)
ORCID: Danesh, John
Hirschfield, Gideon M.
Lowe, Gordon D.O.
Pepys, Mark B.
Gudnason, Vilmundur
Venue: New England Journal of Medicine
Publisher: Massachusetts Medical Society
Published: 2004-04
Volume: 350
Issue: 14
Pages: 1387-1397
ISSN: 0028-4793 (ISSN-L)
1533-4406
DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa032804
OpenAlex: W2058709767
Cited by: 2,953
References: 37
Citations by year: 2026: 39 · 2025: 38 · 2024: 66 · 2023: 43 · 2022: 65 · 2021: 79 · 2020: 102 · 2019: 79 · 2018: 97 · 2017: 99 · 2016: 113 · 2015: 121 · 2014: 144 · 2013: 122 · 2012: 170
FWCI: 238.23
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Locations: New England Journal of Medicine (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Lipoproteins and Cardiovascular Health
Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Inflammatory Biomarkers in Disease Prognosis
Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases
Keywords: C-reactive protein, coronary artery disease, inflammation, circulating inflammatory markers, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, von Willebrand factor, myocardial infarction, cardiovascular risk prediction, within-person variability, total cholesterol, cigarette smoking, Reykjavik Study
MeSH terms: Aged, Blood Sedimentation, C-Reactive Protein, Coronary Disease, Female, Humans, Inflammation, Male, Middle Aged, Prospective Studies, Risk, Risk Factors, von Willebrand Factor, Meta-Analysis as Topic, Biomarkers, Odds Ratio, Case-Control Studies

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

C-Reactive Protein and Other Circulating Markers of Inflammation in the Prediction of Coronary Heart Disease

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks