Cited by 2,953Lipoproteins and Cardiovascular HealthInflammatory Biomarkers in Disease PrognosisAdipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 37 of the 37 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

C-Reactive Protein and Other Circulating Markers of Inflammation in the Prediction of Coronary Heart Disease

Open access

Danesh, John, Wheeler, Jeremy G., Hirschfield, Gideon M., Eda, Shinichi, Eiriksdottir, Gudny, Rumley, Ann, Lowe, Gordon D.O., Pepys, Mark B., Gudnason, Vilmundur·2004·New England Journal of Medicine

DOI 10.1056/nejmoa032804

Open this paper in CoChat — free account Open PDF

Abstract

BACKGROUND: C-reactive protein is an inflammatory marker believed to be of value in the prediction of coronary events. We report data from a large study of C-reactive protein and other circulating inflammatory markers, as well as updated meta-analyses, to evaluate their relevance to the prediction of coronary heart disease. METHODS: Measurements were made in samples obtained at base line from up to 2459 patients who had a nonfatal myocardial infarction or died of coronary heart disease during the study and from up to 3969 controls without a coronary heart disease event in the Reykjavik prospective study of 18,569 participants. Measurements were made in paired samples obtained an average of 12 years apart from 379 of these participants in order to quantify within-person fluctuations in inflammatory marker levels. RESULTS: The long-term stability of C-reactive protein values (within-person correlation coefficient, 0.59; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.52 to 0.66) was similar to that of both blood pressure and total serum cholesterol. After adjustment for base-line values for established risk factors, the odds ratio for coronary heart disease was 1.45 (95 percent confidence interval, 1.25 to 1.68) in a comparison of participants in the top third of the group with respect to base-line C-reactive protein values with those in the bottom third, and similar overall findings were observed in an updated meta-analysis involving a total of 7068 patients with coronary heart disease. By comparison, the odds ratios in the Reykjavik Study for coronary heart disease were somewhat weaker for the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (1.30; 95 percent confidence interval, 1.13 to 1.51) and the von Willebrand factor concentration (1.11; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.97 to 1.27) but generally stronger for established risk factors, such as an increased total cholesterol concentration (2.35; 95 percent confidence interval, 2.03 to 2.74) and cigarette smoking (1.87; 95 percent confidence interval, 1.62 to 2.16). CONCLUSIONS: C-reactive protein is a relatively moderate predictor of coronary heart disease. Recommendations regarding its use in predicting the likelihood of coronary heart disease may need to be reviewed.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1056/nejmoa032804

Cites

37 of 37 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

We couldn’t retrieve this paper’s full text, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Atherosclerosis--an inflammatory disease
Ross, R. (1999) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199901143400207 · Cited by 21,725
Markers of Inflammation and Cardiovascular Disease: Application to Clinical and Public Health Practice: A Statement for Healthcare Professionals From the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the American Heart Association
Pearson, T. A., Mensah, G. A., Alexander, R. W., Anderson, J. L., Cannon, R. O., Criqui, M., Fadl, Y. Y., Fortmann, S. P., Hong, Y., Myers, G. L., et al. (2003) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.0000052939.59093.45 · Cited by 6,401
Inflammation, aspirin, and the risk of cardiovascular disease in apparently healthy men
Ridker, P. M., Cushman, M., Stampfer, M. J., Tracy, R. P., & Hennekens, C. H. (1997) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199704033361401 · Cited by 5,504
C-reactive protein: a critical update
Pepys, M. B., & Hirschfield, G. M. (2003) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci18921 · Cited by 4,694
Self-citation
Comparison of C-Reactive Protein and Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Levels in the Prediction of First Cardiovascular Events
Ridker, P. M., Rifai, N., Rose, L., Buring, J. E., & Cook, N. R. (2002) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa021993 · Cited by 3,604
C-Reactive Protein, a Sensitive Marker of Inflammation, Predicts Future Risk of Coronary Heart Disease in Initially Healthy Middle-Aged Men
Köenig, W., Sund, M., Fröhlich, M., Fischer, H.-G., Löwel, H., Döring, A., Hutchinson, W. L., & Pepys, M. B. (1999) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.99.2.237 · Cited by 1,952
Self-citation
Low grade inflammation and coronary heart disease: prospective study and updated meta-analyses
Danesh, J. (2000) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.321.7255.199 · Cited by 1,692
Self-citation
Prospective Study of C-Reactive Protein and the Risk of Future Cardiovascular Events Among Apparently Healthy Women
Ridker, P. M., Buring, J. E., Shih, J., Matias, M., & Hennekens, C. H. (1998) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.98.8.731 · Cited by 1,642
Measurement of C-reactive protein for the targeting of statin therapy in the primary prevention of acute coronary events
Ridker, P. M., Rifai, N., Clearfield, M., Downs, J. R., Weis, S. E., Miles, J. S., & Gotto, A. M. (2001) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm200106283442601 · Cited by 1,557
Associations of elevated interleukin-6 and C-reactive protein levels with mortality in the elderly
Harris, T. B., Ferrucci, L., Tracy, R. P., Corti, M. C., Wacholder, S., Ettinger, W. H., Heimovitz, H., Cohen, H. J., & Wallace, R. (1999) · The American Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1016/s0002-9343(99)00066-2 · Cited by 1,488

Flagged first, then by citations

Show all 37 references

Research works printed but not linked: 2

Tulinius H, 1997, Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev, 6, 863
Witherell H, 1999, Gastroenterology, 116, A355

Sorted by citations

Inflammation, Atherosclerosis, and Coronary Artery Disease
Hansson, G. K. (2005) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmra043430 · Cited by 8,773
2019 ESC/EAS guidelines for the management of dyslipidaemias: lipid modification to reduce cardiovascular risk
Mach, F., Baigent, C., Catapano, A. L., Koskinas, K. C., Casula, M., Badimon, L., Chapman, M. J., De Backer, G. G., Delgado, V., Ference, B. A., et al. (2019) · Atherosclerosis · doi:10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2019.08.014 · Cited by 4,854
Loneliness matters: a theoretical and empirical review of consequences and mechanisms
Hawkley, L. C., & Cacioppo, J. T. (2010) · Annals of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1007/s12160-010-9210-8 · Cited by 4,782
“In turn, many of these mechanisms are influenced by lifestyle factors such as diet, physical inactivity, and obesity—factors that alter blood lipids and inflammatory processes that have known consequences for vascular health and functioning [62, 63].”
European guidelines on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice: executive summary
Graham, I., Atar, D., Borch‐Johnsen, K., Boysen, G., Burell, G. K., Cífková, R., Dallongeville, J., Backer, G. D., Ebrahim, S. B. J., Gjelsvik, B., et al. (2007) · European Heart Journal · doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehm316 · Cited by 3,865
2024 ESC Guidelines for the management of chronic coronary syndromes
Vrints, C. J., Andreotti, F., Koskinas, K. C., Rosselló, X., Adamo, M., Ainslie, J., BANNING, A. P., Budaj, A., Buechel, R. R., Chiariello, G. A., et al. (2024) · European Heart Journal · doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehae177 · Cited by 3,521
C-reactive protein concentration and risk of coronary heart disease, stroke, and mortality: an individual participant meta-analysis
(2010) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(09)61717-7 · Cited by 2,546
C-Reactive Protein Levels and Outcomes after Statin Therapy
Ridker, P. M., Cannon, C. P., Morrow, D., Rifai, N., Rose, L. M., McCabe, C. H., Pfeffer, M. A., & Braunwald, E. (2005) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa042378 · Cited by 2,292
Inflammation in Atherosclerosis
Libby, P., Ridker, P. M., & Hansson, G. K. (2009) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2009.09.009 · Cited by 2,228
The immune response in atherosclerosis: a double-edged sword
Hansson, G. K., & Libby, P. (2006) · Nature reviews. Immunology · doi:10.1038/nri1882 · Cited by 2,220
Obesity and inflammation: the linking mechanism and the complications
Ellulu, M. S., Patimah, I., Khaza’ai, H., Rahmat, A., & Abed, Y. (2017) · Archives of Medical Science · doi:10.5114/aoms.2016.58928 · Cited by 1,982
2010 ACCF/AHA Guideline for Assessment of Cardiovascular Risk in Asymptomatic Adults
Greenland, P., Alpert, J. S., Beller, G. A., Benjamin, E. J., Budoff, M. J., Fayad, Z. A., Foster, E., Hlatky, M. A., Hodgson, J. M., Kushner, F. G., et al. (2010) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/cir.0b013e3182051b4c · Cited by 1,976
Aortic Pulse Wave Velocity Improves Cardiovascular Event Prediction
Ben-Shlomo, Y., Spears, M., Boustred, C., May, M., Anderson, S. G., Benjamin, E. J., Boutouyrie, P., Cameron, J., Chen, C.-H., Cruickshank, J. K., et al. (2014) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2013.09.063 · Cited by 1,835
Untitled work
Graham (2007) · doi:10.1097/01.hjr.0000277983.23934.c9 · Cited by 1,647
Risk of Myocardial Infarction and Stroke after Acute Infection or Vaccination
Smeeth, L. L., Thomas, S. L., Hall, A. J., Hubbard, R., Farrington, P., & Vallance, P. J. (2004) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa041747 · Cited by 1,375
Multiple Biomarkers for the Prediction of First Major Cardiovascular Events and Death
Wang, T. J., Gona, P. N., Larson, M. G., Tofler, G. H., Levy, D. A., Newton‐Cheh, C., Jacques, P. F., Rifai, N., Selhub, J., Robins, S. J., et al. (2006) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa055373 · Cited by 1,337
2010 ACCF/AHA Guideline for Assessment of Cardiovascular Risk in Asymptomatic Adults
Greenland, P., Alpert, J. S., Beller, G. A., Benjamin, E. J., Budoff, M. J., Fayad, Z. A., Foster, E., Hlatky, M. A., Hodgson, J. M., Kushner, F. G., et al. (2010) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2010.09.001 · Cited by 1,348
Comments on ‘Evaluating the added predictive ability of a new marker: From area under the ROC curve to reclassification and beyond’ by M. J. Pencina, R. B. D'Agostino Sr, R. B. D'Agostino Jr, R. S. Vasan, Statistics in Medicine (DOI: 10.1002/sim.2929)
Greenland, P. (2007) · Statistics in Medicine · doi:10.1002/sim.2976 · Cited by 1,300
The effects of acute psychological stress on circulating inflammatory factors in humans: a review and meta-analysis
Steptoe, A., Hamer, M., & Chida, Y. (2007) · Brain, Behavior, and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2007.03.011 · Cited by 1,278
Inflammatory Markers and the Risk of Coronary Heart Disease in Men and Women
Pai, J. K., Pischon, T., Ma, J., Manson, J. E., Hankinson, S. E., JOSHIPURA, K. J., Curhan, G. C., Rifai, N., Cannuscio, C. C., Stampfer, M. J., et al. (2004) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa040967 · Cited by 1,186
The Central Role of Endothelial Dysfunction in Cardiorenal Syndrome
Zhang, J., Bottiglieri, T., & McCullough, P. A. (2016) · Cardiorenal Medicine · doi:10.1159/000452283 · Cited by 1,084
INFLAMMATION AND ATHEROSCLEROSIS
Hansson, G. K., Robertson, A.-K. L., & Söderberg‐Nauclér, C. (2006) · Annual Review of Pathology Mechanisms of Disease · doi:10.1146/annurev.pathol.1.110304.100100 · Cited by 1,082
Obesity, inflammation, and atherosclerosis
Rocha, V. Z., & Libby, P. (2009) · Nature Reviews Cardiology · doi:10.1038/nrcardio.2009.55 · Cited by 994
Biomarkers of Cardiovascular Disease: Molecular Basis and Practical Considerations
Vasan, R. S. (2006) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.104.482570 · Cited by 1,212
Coronary Calcification, Coronary Disease Risk Factors, C-Reactive Protein, and Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease Events
Arad, Y., Goodman, K. J., Roth, M., Newstein, D., & Guerci, A. D. (2005) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2005.02.088 · Cited by 982
Which White Blood Cell Subtypes Predict Increased Cardiovascular Risk?
Horne, B. D., Anderson, J. L., John, J. M., Weaver, A. N., Bair, T. L., Jensen, K. R., Renlund, D. G., & Muhlestein, J. B. (2005) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2005.02.054 · Cited by 973
Laboratory markers in IBD: useful, magic, or unnecessary toys?
Vermeire, S., Assche, G. V., & Rutgeerts, P. (2006) · Gut · doi:10.1136/gut.2005.069476 · Cited by 984
Inflammation in Atherosclerosis: From Vascular Biology to Biomarker Discovery and Risk Prediction
Packard, R. R. S., & Libby, P. (2008) · Clinical Chemistry · doi:10.1373/clinchem.2007.097360 · Cited by 925
The heart's content: The association between positive psychological well-being and cardiovascular health.
Boehm, J. K., & Kubzansky, L. D. (2012) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/a0027448 · Cited by 909
Association of Serum Interleukin 6 and C-Reactive Protein in Childhood With Depression and Psychosis in Young Adult Life: A Population-Based Longitudinal Study
Khandaker, G. M., Pearson, R. M., Zammit, S., Lewis, G., & Jones, P. B. (2014) · JAMA Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2014.1332 · Cited by 846
Genetically elevated C-reactive protein and ischemic vascular disease
Zacho, J., Tybjærg-Hansen, A., Jensen, J. S., Grande, P., Sillesen, H., & Nordestgaard, B. G. (2008) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa0707402 · Cited by 839
Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Activates Cleavage of CREBH to Induce a Systemic Inflammatory Response
Zhang, K., Shen, X., Wu, J., Sakaki, K., Saunders, T., Rutkowski, D. T., Back, S. H., & Kaufman, R. J. (2006) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2005.11.040 · Cited by 716
Inflammation in Atherosclerosis: Transition From Theory to Practice
Libby, P., Okamoto, Y., Rocha, V. Z., & Folco, E. (2010) · Circulation Journal · doi:10.1253/circj.cj-09-0706 · Cited by 799
Greater Cardiovascular Responses to Laboratory Mental Stress Are Associated With Poor Subsequent Cardiovascular Risk Status: A Meta-Analysis of Prospective Evidence
Chida, Y., & Steptoe, A. (2010) · Hypertension · doi:10.1161/hypertensionaha.109.146621 · Cited by 787
Prevalence of low-grade inflammation in depression: a systematic review and meta-analysis of CRP levels
Osimo, E. F., Baxter, L. J., Lewis, G., Jones, P. B., & Khandaker, G. M. (2019) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291719001454 · Cited by 774
Race and Gender Differences in C-Reactive Protein Levels
Khera, A., McGuire, D. K., Murphy, S. A., Stanek, H. G., Das, S. R., Vongpatanasin, W., Wians, F. H., Grundy, S. M., & de Lemos, J. A. (2005) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2005.04.051 · Cited by 773
The Association of Anger and Hostility With Future Coronary Heart Disease
Chida, Y., & Steptoe, A. (2009) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2008.11.044 · Cited by 774
Efficacy and tolerability of rimonabant in overweight or obese patients with type 2 diabetes: a randomised controlled study
Scheen, A. J., Finer, N., Hollander, P. A., Jensen, M. D., & Gaal, L. F. V. (2006) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(06)69571-8 · Cited by 740
European guidelines on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice: Executive summary
Graham, I. M. (2007) · Atherosclerosis · doi:10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2007.08.024 · Cited by 716
The effects of acute psychological stress on circulating and stimulated inflammatory markers: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Marsland, A. L., Walsh, C., Lockwood, K., & John-Henderson, N. A. (2017) · Brain, Behavior, and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2017.01.011 · Cited by 691
Metabolic Syndrome: Connecting and Reconciling Cardiovascular and Diabetes Worlds
Grundy, S. M. (2006) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2005.11.046 · Cited by 686
Long-Term Interleukin-6 Levels and Subsequent Risk of Coronary Heart Disease: Two New Prospective Studies and a Systematic Review
Danesh, J., Kaptoge, S., Mann, A. G., Sarwar, N., Wood, A., Angleman, S. B., Wensley, F., Higgins, J. P. T., Lennon, L., Eiriksdottir, G., et al. (2008) · PLoS Medicine · doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.0050078 · Cited by 676
Self-citation
Acute-phase proteins: As diagnostic tool
Jain, S., Gautam, V., & Naseem, S. (2011) · Journal of Pharmacy And Bioallied Sciences · doi:10.4103/0975-7406.76489 · Cited by 684
Should C-Reactive Protein Be Added to Metabolic Syndrome and to Assessment of Global Cardiovascular Risk?
Ridker, P. M., Wilson, P. W. F., & Grundy, S. M. (2004) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.0000132467.45278.59 · Cited by 645
From Vulnerable Plaque to Vulnerable Patient—Part III: Executive Summary of the Screening for Heart Attack Prevention and Education (SHAPE) Task Force Report
Naghavi, M., Falk, E., Hecht, H. S., Jamieson, M. J., Kaul, S., Berman, D. S., Fayad, Z. A., Budoff, M. J., Rumberger, J. A., Naqvi, T. Z., et al. (2006) · The American Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.amjcard.2006.03.002 · Cited by 631
C-Reactive Protein and the Prediction of Cardiovascular Events Among Those at Intermediate Risk
Ridker, P. M. (2007) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2007.02.052 · Cited by 635
Age, Gene/Environment Susceptibility-Reykjavik Study: multidisciplinary applied phenomics
Harris, T. B., Launer, L. J., Eiriksdottir, G., Kjartansson, O., Jonsson, P. V., Sigurdsson, G., Thorgeirsson, G., Aspelund, T., Garcia, M. E., Cotch, M. F., et al. (2007) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/aje/kwk115 · Cited by 592
Self-citation
Health Consequences of Weight Stigma: Implications for Obesity Prevention and Treatment
Puhl, R., & Suh, Y. (2015) · Current Obesity Reports · doi:10.1007/s13679-015-0153-z · Cited by 654
Socio‐economic differentials in peripheral biology: Cumulative allostatic load
Seeman, T., Epel, E., Gruenewald, T., Karlamangla, A., & McEwen, B. S. (2010) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2009.05341.x · Cited by 579
Associations of C-reactive protein and interleukin-6 with cognitive symptoms of depression: 12-year follow-up of the Whitehall II study
Gimeno, D., Kivimäki, M., Brunner, E. J., Elovainio, M., De Vogli, R., Steptoe, A., Kumari, M., Lowe, G. D. O., Rumley, A., Marmot, M. G., et al. (2009) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291708003723 · Cited by 561
Self-citation
Benchmarks for the Assessment of Novel Cardiovascular Biomarkers
Morrow, D. A., & de Lemos, J. A. (2007) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.106.683110 · Cited by 561
C-Reactive Protein as a Risk Factor for Coronary Heart Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-analyses for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force
Buckley, D., Fu, R. F., Freeman, M., Rogers, K. R., & Helfand, M. (2009) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-151-7-200910060-00009 · Cited by 561
N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide, C-reactive protein, and urinary albumin levels as predictors of mortality and cardiovascular events in older adults
Kistorp, C. (2005) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.293.13.1609 · Cited by 535
Influenza as a trigger for acute myocardial infarction or death from cardiovascular disease: a systematic review
Warren‐Gash, C., Smeeth, L. L., & Hayward, A. C. (2009) · The Lancet Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1016/s1473-3099(09)70233-6 · Cited by 529
C-Reactive Protein as a Marker for Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Vermeire, S., Assche, G. V., & Rutgeerts, P. J. (2004) · Inflammatory Bowel Diseases · doi:10.1097/00054725-200409000-00026 · Cited by 534
Obesity and Obesity-Initiated Metabolic Syndrome
Wahba, I. M., & MAK, R. H. K. (2007) · Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology · doi:10.2215/cjn.04071206 · Cited by 524
Meta-Analysis of Genome-Wide Association Studies in >80 000 Subjects Identifies Multiple Loci for C-Reactive Protein Levels
Dehghan, A., Dupuis, J., Barbalić, M., Bis, J. C., Eiríksdóttir, G., Lu, C., Pellikka, N., Wallaschofski, H., Kettunen, J., Henneman, P., et al. (2011) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.110.948570 · Cited by 507
Serum amyloid A – a review
Sack, G. H. (2018) · Molecular Medicine · doi:10.1186/s10020-018-0047-0 · Cited by 526
The effect of including C-reactive protein in cardiovascular risk prediction models for women
Cook, N. R., Buring, J. E., & Ridker, P. M. (2006) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-145-1-200607040-00128 · Cited by 504
Fruit and vegetable consumption and its relation to markers of inflammation and oxidative stress in adolescents
Holt, E. M., Steffen, L. M., Moran, A., Basu, S., Steinberger, J., Ross, J. A., Hong, C.-P., & Sinaiko, A. R. (2009) · Journal of the American Dietetic Association · doi:10.1016/j.jada.2008.11.036 · Cited by 496
High-Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein and Cardiovascular Disease
Yousuf, O. K., Mohanty, B. D., Martin, S. S., Joshi, P. H., Blaha, M. J., Nasir, K., Blumenthal, R. S., & Budoff, M. J. (2013) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2013.05.016 · Cited by 505
Inflammatory processes in cardiovascular disease: a route to targeted therapies
Ruparelia, N., Chai, J. T., Fisher, E. A., & Choudhury, R. P. (2017) · Nature Reviews Cardiology · doi:10.1038/nrcardio.2016.185 · Cited by 477
Circulating levels of inflammatory markers and cancer risk in the health aging and body composition cohort
Il'yasova, D., Colbert, L. H., Harris, T. B., Newman, A. B., Bauer, D. C., Satterfield, S., & Kritchevsky, S. B. (2005) · Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention · doi:10.1158/1055-9965.epi-05-0316 · Cited by 479
A comprehensive view of sex-specific issues related to cardiovascular disease
Pilote, L., Dasgupta, K., Guru, V., Humphries, K. H., McGrath, J. J., Norris, C. M., Rabi, D. M., Tremblay, J., Alamian, A., Barnett, T. A., et al. (2007) · Canadian Medical Association Journal · doi:10.1503/cmaj.051455 · Cited by 483
High-sensitivity C-reactive protein
Bassuk, S. S., Rifai, N., & Ridker, P. M. (2004) · Current Problems in Cardiology · doi:10.1016/s0146-2806(04)00074-x · Cited by 493
Infection, inflammation, height, and longevity
Crimmins, E. M., & Finch, C. E. (2005) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0501470103 · Cited by 468
C-Reactive Protein in Heart Failure
Anand, I. S., Latini, R., Florea, V. G., Kuskowski, M. A., Rector, T. S., Masson, S., Signorini, S. G., Mocarelli, P., Hester, A., Glazer, R. D., et al. (2005) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.104.508465 · Cited by 473
Tree nut phytochemicals: composition, antioxidant capacity, bioactivity, impact factors. A systematic review of almonds, Brazils, cashews, hazelnuts, macadamias, pecans, pine nuts, pistachios and walnuts
Bolling, B. W., Chen, C.-Y. O., McKay, D. L., & Blumberg, J. B. (2011) · Nutrition Research Reviews · doi:10.1017/s095442241100014x · Cited by 469
Use of Plasma Biomarkers at Exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Hurst, J. R., Donaldson, G. C., Perera, W. R., Wilkinson, T. M. A., Bilello, J. A., Hagan, G. W., Vessey, R., & Wedzicha, J. A. (2006) · American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1164/rccm.200604-506oc · Cited by 453
Composition of Carotid Atherosclerotic Plaque Is Associated With Cardiovascular Outcome
Hellings, W. E., Peeters, W., Moll, F. L., Piers, S. R. D., van Setten, J., van der Spek, P. J., de Vries, J. P. P. M., Seldenrijk, K. A., de Bruin, P. C., Vink, A., et al. (2010) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.109.887497 · Cited by 450
Cardiovascular Complications After Renal Transplantation and Their Prevention
OJO, A. O. (2006) · Transplantation · doi:10.1097/01.tp.0000235527.81917.fe · Cited by 446
Long-term Effects of Metformin on Metabolism and Microvascular and Macrovascular Disease in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Kooy, A., de Jager, J., Lehert, P., Bets, D., Wulffelé, M. G., Donker, A. J. M., & Stehouwer, C. D. A. (2009) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinternmed.2009.20 · Cited by 440
Diabetes, Obesity, and Hypertension May Enhance Associations between Air Pollution and Markers of Systemic Inflammation
Dubowsky, S. D., Suh, H. H., Schwartz, J. D., Coull, B. A., & Gold, D. R. (2006) · Environmental Health Perspectives · doi:10.1289/ehp.8469 · Cited by 435
C-reactive protein in patients with COPD, control smokers and non-smokers
Pinto-Plata, V. (2005) · Thorax · doi:10.1136/thx.2005.042200 · Cited by 433
Prognostic Significance of the Long Pentraxin PTX3 in Acute Myocardial Infarction
Latini, R., Maggioni, A. P., Peri, G., Gonzini, L., Lucci, D., Mocarelli, P., Vago, L., Pasqualini, F., Signorini, S. G., Soldateschi, D., et al. (2004) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.0000145167.30987.2e · Cited by 431
Associations between cigarette smoking, pipe/cigar smoking, and smoking cessation, and haemostatic and inflammatory markers for cardiovascular disease
Wannamethee, S. G., Lowe, G. D. O., Shaper, A. G., Rumley, A., LENNON, L. T., & Whincup, P. H. (2005) · European Heart Journal · doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehi183 · Cited by 430
Self-citation
C-Reactive Protein, Interleukin-6, and Soluble Adhesion Molecules as Predictors of Progressive Peripheral Atherosclerosis in the General Population
Tzoulaki, I., Murray, G. D., Lee, A. J., Rumley, A., Lowe, G. D. O., & Fowkes, F. G. R. (2005) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.104.513085 · Cited by 432
Self-citation
ABO(H) blood groups and vascular disease: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Wu, O., Bayoumi, N., Vickers, M. A., & Clark, P. (2008) · Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis · doi:10.1111/j.1538-7836.2007.02818.x · Cited by 425
Established and Emerging Plasma Biomarkers in the Prediction of First Atherothrombotic Events
Ridker, P. M., Brown, N. J., Vaughan, D. E., Harrison, D. G., & Mehta, J. L. (2004) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.0000133444.17867.56 · Cited by 420
Genome Analyses of >200,000 Individuals Identify 58 Loci for Chronic Inflammation and Highlight Pathways that Link Inflammation and Complex Disorders
Ligthart, S., Vaez, A., Võsa, U., Stathopoulou, M. G., de Vries, P. S., Prins, B. P., van der Most, P. J., Tanaka, T., Naderi, E., Rose, L. M., et al. (2018) · The American Journal of Human Genetics · doi:10.1016/j.ajhg.2018.09.009 · Cited by 421
Self-citation
C-reactive protein and albumin as predictors of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in chronic kidney disease
Menon, V., Greene, T., Wang, X., Pereira, A. A., Marcovina, S. M., Beck, G. J., Kusek, J. W., Collins, A. J., Levey, A. S., & Sarnak, M. J. (2005) · Kidney International · doi:10.1111/j.1523-1755.2005.00455.x · Cited by 418
Biomarkers of Atherosclerotic Plaque Instability and Rupture
Köenig, W., & Khuseyinova, N. (2006) · Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis and Vascular Biology · doi:10.1161/01.atv.0000251503.35795.4f · Cited by 417
A Test in Context
Ridker, P. M. (2016) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2015.11.037 · Cited by 414
Quantitative effects on cardiovascular risk factors and coronary heart disease risk of replacing partially hydrogenated vegetable oils with other fats and oils
Mozaffarian, D., & Clarke, R. (2009) · European Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1038/sj.ejcn.1602976 · Cited by 410
Obesity, Inflammation, and Periodontal Disease
Pischon, N., Heng, N., Bernimoulin, J. ‐., Kleber, B. M., Willich, S. N., & Pischon, T. (2007) · Journal of Dental Research · doi:10.1177/154405910708600503 · Cited by 410
Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Morbidity in Long-Term Survivors of Testicular Cancer: A 20-Year Follow-Up Study
Haugnes, H. S., Wethal, T., Aass, N., Dahl, O., Klepp, O., Langberg, C. W., Wilsgaard, T., Bremnes, R. M., & Fosså, S. D. (2010) · Journal of Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1200/jco.2010.29.9362 · Cited by 407
Von Willebrand Factor in Cardiovascular Disease
Spiel, A. O., Gilbert, J. C., & Jilma, B. (2008) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.107.722827 · Cited by 403
The Clinical Significance and Potential Role of C-Reactive Protein in Chronic Inflammatory and Neurodegenerative Diseases
Luan, Y., & Yao, Y.-M. (2018) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2018.01302 · Cited by 418
Prognostic significance of the Centers for Disease Control/American Heart Association high-sensitivity C-reactive protein cut points for cardiovascular and other outcomes in patients with stable coronary artery disease
Sabatine, M. S., Morrow, D. A., Jablonski, K. A., Rice, M. M., Warnica, J. W., Domanski, M. J., Hsia, J., Gersh, B. J., Rifai, N., Ridker, P. M., et al. (2007) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.106.649939 · Cited by 385
Clinical and subclinical inflammation in patients with familial Mediterranean fever and in heterozygous carriers of MEFV mutations
Lachmann, H. J., Şengül, B., Yavuzşen, T., Booth, D. R., Booth, S. E., Bybee, A., Gallimore, J. R., Soytürk, M., Akar, S., Tunca, M., et al. (2006) · Lara D. Veeken · doi:10.1093/rheumatology/kei279 · Cited by 388
A Decade of Reversal: An Analysis of 146 Contradicted Medical Practices
Prasad, V., Vandross, A., Toomey, C., Cheung, M., Rho, J., Quinn, S., Chacko, S. J., Borkar, D., Gall, V., Selvaraj, S., et al. (2013) · Mayo Clinic Proceedings · doi:10.1016/j.mayocp.2013.05.012 · Cited by 381
Emerging Risk Factors for Coronary Heart Disease: A Summary of Systematic Reviews Conducted for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force
Helfand, M., Buckley, D., Freeman, M., Fu, R. F., Rogers, K. R., Fleming, C., & Humphrey, L. L. (2009) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-151-7-200910060-00010 · Cited by 383
Microvascular Function Predicts Cardiovascular Events in Primary Prevention
Anderson, T. J., Charbonneau, F., Title, L. M., Buithieu, J., Rose, M. S., Conradson, H. E., Hildebrand, K., Fung, M., Verma, S., & Lonn, E. (2011) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.110.953653 · Cited by 381
B-Type Natriuretic Peptides and Cardiovascular Risk
Angelantonio, E. D., Chowdhury, R., Sarwar, N., Ray, K. K., Gobin, R., Saleheen, D., Thompson, A., Gudnason, V. G., Sattar, N. A., & Danesh, J. (2009) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.109.884866 · Cited by 379
Self-citation
Asymmetric Dimethylarginine and the Risk of Cardiovascular Events and Death in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease
Schnabel, R. B., Blankenberg, S., Lubos, E., Lackner, K. J., Rupprecht, H. J., Espinola–Klein, C., Jachmann, N., Post, F., Peetz, D., Bickel, C., et al. (2005) · Circulation Research · doi:10.1161/01.res.0000181286.44222.61 · Cited by 377
C-Reactive Protein and the 10-Year Incidence of Coronary Heart Disease in Older Men and Women: The Cardiovascular Health Study
Cushman, M., Arnold, A. M., Psaty, B. M., Manolio, T. A., Kuller, L. H., Burke, G. L., Polak, J. F., & Tracy, R. P. (2005) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.104.504159 · Cited by 368
What Does Minor Elevation of C-Reactive Protein Signify?
Kushner, I., Rzewnicki, D., & Samols, D. R. (2006) · The American Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.amjmed.2005.06.057 · Cited by 372
Predictive value of elevated neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio on cardiac mortality in patients with stable coronary artery disease
Papa, A., Emdin, M., Passino, C., Michelassi, C., Battaglia, D. B. R., & Cocci, F. (2008) · Clinica Chimica Acta · doi:10.1016/j.cca.2008.04.019 · Cited by 371
C‐reactive protein and coronary heart disease: a critical review
Casas, J. P., Shah, T., Hingorani, A. D., Danesh, J., & Pepys, M. B. (2008) · Journal of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2796.2008.02015.x · Cited by 367
Self-citation
Contribution of 30 Biomarkers to 10-Year Cardiovascular Risk Estimation in 2 Population Cohorts
Blankenberg, S., Zeller, T., Saarela, O., Havulinna, A. S., Kee, F., Tunstall‐Pedoe, H., Kuulasmaa, K., Yarnell, J., Schnabel, R. B., Wild, P. S., et al. (2010) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.109.901413 · Cited by 368
Toothbrushing, inflammation, and risk of cardiovascular disease: results from Scottish Health Survey
de Oliveira, C., Watt, R., & Hamer, M. (2010) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.c2451 · Cited by 365

Authors: Danesh, J., Wheeler, J. G., Hirschfield, G. M., Eda, S., Eiriksdottir, G., Rumley, A., Lowe, G. D. O., Pepys, M. B., & Gudnason, V.
Affiliations: University of Cambridge (GB)
The Royal Free Hospital (GB)
Roche (Japan) (JP)
Glasgow Royal Infirmary (GB)
Icelandic Heart Association (IS)
ORCID: Danesh, John
Hirschfield, Gideon M.
Lowe, Gordon D.O.
Pepys, Mark B.
Gudnason, Vilmundur
Venue: New England Journal of Medicine
Publisher: Massachusetts Medical Society
Published: 2004-04
Volume: 350
Issue: 14
Pages: 1387-1397
ISSN: 0028-4793 (ISSN-L)
1533-4406
DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa032804
OpenAlex: W2058709767
Cited by: 2,953
References: 37
Citations by year: 2026: 39 · 2025: 38 · 2024: 66 · 2023: 43 · 2022: 65 · 2021: 79 · 2020: 102 · 2019: 79 · 2018: 97 · 2017: 99 · 2016: 113 · 2015: 121 · 2014: 144 · 2013: 122 · 2012: 170
FWCI: 238.23
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Locations: New England Journal of Medicine (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Lipoproteins and Cardiovascular Health
Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Inflammatory Biomarkers in Disease Prognosis
Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases
Keywords: C-reactive protein, coronary artery disease, inflammation, circulating inflammatory markers, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, von Willebrand factor, myocardial infarction, cardiovascular risk prediction, within-person variability, total cholesterol, cigarette smoking, Reykjavik Study
MeSH terms: Aged, Blood Sedimentation, C-Reactive Protein, Coronary Disease, Female, Humans, Inflammation, Male, Middle Aged, Prospective Studies, Risk, Risk Factors, von Willebrand Factor, Meta-Analysis as Topic, Biomarkers, Odds Ratio, Case-Control Studies

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

C-Reactive Protein and Other Circulating Markers of Inflammation in the Prediction of Coronary Heart Disease

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks