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Trajectories of Growth among Children Who Have Coronary Events as Adults
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BACKGROUND: Low birth weight is a risk factor for coronary heart disease. It is uncertain how postnatal growth affects disease risk. METHODS: We studied 8760 people born in Helsinki from 1934 through 1944. Childhood growth had been recorded. A total of 357 men and 87 women had been admitted to the hospital with coronary heart disease or had died from the disease. Coronary risk factors were measured in a subset of 2003 people. RESULTS: The mean body size of children who had coronary events as adults was below average at birth. At two years of age the children were thin; subsequently, their body-mass index (BMI) increased relative to that of other children and had reached average values by 11 years of age. In simultaneous regressions, the hazard ratios associated with a 1 SD increase in BMI were 0.76 (95 percent confidence interval, 0.66 to 0.87; P<0.001) at 2 years and 1.14 (95 percent confidence interval, 1.00 to 1.31; P=0.05) at 11 years among the boys. The corresponding figures for the girls were 0.62 (95 percent confidence interval, 0.46 to 0.82; P=0.001) and 1.35 (95 percent confidence interval, 1.02 to 1.78; P=0.04). Low BMI at 2 years of age and increased BMI from 2 to 11 years of age were also associated with raised fasting insulin concentrations (P<0.001 for both). CONCLUSIONS: On average, adults who had a coronary event had been small at birth and thin at two years of age and thereafter put on weight rapidly. This pattern of growth during childhood was associated with insulin resistance in later life. The risk of coronary events was more strongly related to the tempo of childhood gain in BMI than to the BMI attained at any particular age.
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“Undernutrition and low birth weight was also associated with insulin resistance in this population later in life [42].”
From Recent Experimental Studies of Maternal Obesity, Diabetes during Pregnancy and the Developmental Origins of Cardiovascular Disease (2022) · cites this paper as [42]
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“Thus, the DOHaD theory proposed that nutrient restriction during specific periods of development (e.g., conception, gestation and the first few years of life), when tissues and organs are particularly sensitive to environmental exposures, as a consequence influence the susceptibility for cardiovascular and metabolic diseases in adulthood [41,42,43].”
From Recent Experimental Studies of Maternal Obesity, Diabetes during Pregnancy and the Developmental Origins of Cardiovascular Disease (2022) · cites this paper as [42]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Barker, D. J. P., Osmond, C., Forsén, T. J., Kajantie, E., & Eriksson, J. G.
- Affiliations
- Southampton General Hospital (GB)
- Venue
- New England Journal of Medicine
- Publisher
- Massachusetts Medical Society
- Published
- 2005-10-27
- Volume
- 353
- Issue
- 17
- Pages
- 1802-1809
- ISSN
- 0028-4793 (ISSN-L)
- 1533-4406
- OpenAlex
- W2020985812
- Cited by
- 1,517
- References
- 21
- Citations by year
- 2026: 28 · 2025: 33 · 2024: 41 · 2023: 63 · 2022: 48 · 2021: 67 · 2020: 49 · 2019: 52 · 2018: 77 · 2017: 66 · 2016: 87 · 2015: 79 · 2014: 67 · 2013: 115 · 2012: 109
- FWCI
- 68.02
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- New England Journal of Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- ePrints Soton (University of Southampton) (acceptedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Birth, Development, and Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet
- Keywords
- coronary artery disease, child growth, low birth weight, body mass index, rapid weight gain, insulin resistance, fasting insulin, coronary risk factors, sex differences
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Birth Weight, Child, Child, Preschool, Coronary Disease, Female, Growth, Humans, Hyperinsulinism, Infant, Newborn, Male, Middle Aged, Retrospective Studies, Risk Factors, Thinness, Cohort Studies, Weight Gain, Body Mass Index, Proportional Hazards Models
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