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Prevalence of Monoclonal Gammopathy of Undetermined Significance
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BACKGROUND: The prevalence of monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS), a premalignant plasma-cell disorder, among persons 50 years of age or older has not been accurately determined. We used sensitive laboratory techniques to ascertain the prevalence of MGUS in a large population in a well-defined geographic area. METHODS: We identified all living residents of Olmsted County, Minnesota, as of January 1, 1995. We obtained serum that remained after the performance of routine clinical tests at Mayo Clinic or asked subjects for whom such serum was unavailable to provide a sample. Agarose-gel electrophoresis was performed on all serum samples, and any serum sample with a discrete band of monoclonal protein or thought to have a localized band was subjected to immunofixation. RESULTS: Serum samples were obtained from 21,463 of the 28,038 enumerated residents 50 years of age or older (76.6 percent). MGUS was identified in 694 (3.2 percent) of these persons. Age-adjusted rates were higher in men than in women (4.0 percent vs. 2.7 percent, P<0.001). The prevalence of MGUS was 5.3 percent among persons 70 years of age or older and 7.5 percent among those 85 years of age or older. The concentration of monoclonal immunoglobulin was less than 1.0 g per deciliter in 63.5 percent and at least 2.0 g per deciliter in only 4.5 percent of 694 persons. The concentration of uninvolved immunoglobulins was reduced in 27.7 percent of 447 persons tested, and 21.5 percent of 79 tested had a monoclonal urinary light chain. CONCLUSIONS: Among residents of Olmsted County, Minnesota, MGUS was found in 3.2 percent of persons 50 years of age or older and 5.3 percent of persons 70 years of age or older.
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“This tumor does not develop rapidly; instead, it may take decades for symptoms and organ damage to manifest.4-8”
From Evolution of Multiple Myeloma from a Genomic Perspective (2026) · cites this paper as [5]
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“MM is well-described to be universally preceded by precursor states, often decades before it is even diagnosed.”
From Evolution of Multiple Myeloma from a Genomic Perspective (2026) · cites this paper as [5]
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“Several epidemiological studies have shown that patients with MGUS and SMM might experience progression to MM over an extremely variable timeframe. Some patients progressed to MM within 2 years of diagnosis, while others may progress after 10 to 20 years or might never progress at all.4-6,75”
From Evolution of Multiple Myeloma from a Genomic Perspective (2026) · cites this paper as [5]
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Self-citationDysproteinemias and Glomerular Disease
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“MGUS occurs in approximately 5.3% of people over the age of 70 and 3.2 % over the age of 50 [ 27 ].”
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“mately 70%), with IgM and IgA being less common (approximately 17% and 11%, respectively).(1) The presence of a large amount of monoclonal protein in the serum can lead to a range of unusual laboratory results which can be broadly divided into two groups.”
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“As illustrated in Figure 1, the 3 most common forms of Ig-dependent kidney injury include: (1) cast nephropathy, in which casts and crystals composed of filtered monoclonal Ig and other urinary proteins obstruct distal renal tubules, often precipitously, and typically incite an accompanying tubulointerstitial nephriti…”
BackgroundDNA repair pathways in human multiple myeloma
Gourzonès, C., Kassambara, A., Sahota, S. S., Reme, T. X., Moreaux, J., Bourquard, P., Hose, D., Pasero, P., Constantinou, A., & Klein, B. (2013) · Cell Cycle · doi:10.4161/cc.25951 · Cited by 64
“Seminal observations have established that it is preceded by monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS), a premalignant phase(2-6) that occurs in 3% of individuals over 50 years of age.(7) MGUS can persist before developing to MM at a 1% rate/year, independently of the duration of the MGUS phase.”
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Monoclonal Gammopathy of Undetermined Significance and Smoldering Multiple Myeloma
Kyle, R. A., & Rajkumar, S. V. (2010) · Current Hematologic Malignancy Reports · doi:10.1007/s11899-010-0047-9 · Cited by 64
“The frequency of MGUS increases as the patient ages (Table 1) [7].”
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Anderson, K. C. (2011) · Clinical Cancer Research · doi:10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-10-3366 · Cited by 59
“Given that the risk of progression of MGUS to MM or lymphoproliferative disorder is only 1% per year, andmost patients, therefore, die of something else, the recommended approach has been expectant follow-up with no therapy (63, 64).”
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Monoclonal Gammopathy of Undetermined Significance
Kyle, R. A., & Rajkumar, S. V. (2005) · Clinical Lymphoma & Myeloma · doi:10.3816/clm.2005.n.036 · Cited by 59
Self-citationMonoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance and smoldering multiple myeloma
Rajkumar, S. V., Lacy, M. Q., & Kyle, R. A. (2007) · Blood Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.blre.2007.01.002 · Cited by 59
Self-citationExtrachromosomal circular DNA (eccDNA): an emerging star in cancer
Li, R., Wang, Y., Li, J., & Zhou, X. (2022) · Biomarker Research · doi:10.1186/s40364-022-00399-9 · Cited by 59
“The absence of a clear precancerous lesion in some cancers and the fact that not all precancerous lesions eventually develop into cancer mean that we have not yet been able to identify a sufficiently accurate biologic signature [72].”
BackgroundDiseases of White Blood Cells, Lymph Nodes, Spleen, and Thymus
Klatt, E. C., & Kumar, V. (2010) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-1-4160-4930-2.00013-x · Cited by 57
Animal models of monoclonal immunoglobulin-related renal diseases
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Monoclonal B-cell lymphocytosis: right track or red herring?
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Deciphering the chronology of copy number alterations in Multiple Myeloma
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Laboratory Persistence and Clinical Progression of Small Monoclonal Abnormalities
Murray, D. L., Seningen, J. L., Dispenzieri, A. A., Snyder, M. R., Kyle, R. A., Rajkumar, S. V., & Katzmann, J. A. (2012) · American Journal of Clinical Pathology · doi:10.1309/ajcpt6owwmhita1y · Cited by 55
“The IFE MGUS patients had no M-spike quantitation for various reasons: (1) no detectable SPEP abnormality, (2) an elevated β fraction that was symmetric and less than 2 g/dL (20 g/L), and (3) a detectable fuzzy band in the γ fraction that was much smaller than the polyclonal background.”
BackgroundResultSelf-citationMultiple Myeloma Precursor Disease
Landgren, O., & Waxman, A. J. (2010) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2010.1713 · Cited by 55
“2% of white individuals older than 50 years.(11) Prevalence appears to be roughly twice as high among African, African American, and obese individuals.”
Roeker, L. E., Larson, D. R., Kyle, R. A., Kumar, S. K., Dispenzieri, A. A., & Rajkumar, S. V. (2013) · Leukemia · doi:10.1038/leu.2013.34 · Cited by 56
Self-citationPrevalence of Monoclonal Gammopathy of Undetermined Significance
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“As yet, it is difficult to accurately predict the subset that will progress in MGUS after initial diagnosed and this remains an important area of investigation (3, 8).”
BackgroundPlasma cell disorders in HIV-infected patients: epidemiology and molecular mechanisms
Coker, W. J., Jeter, A., Schade, H. H., & Kang, Y. (2013) · Biomarker Research · doi:10.1186/2050-7771-1-8 · Cited by 54
“2% among persons 50 years of age or older [12].”
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“Because annual risk for progression from MGUS to myeloma is not affected by either age or MGUS duration,((15)) patients with MGUS—the vast majority of whom are elderly—are much more likely to die of causes unrelated to their plasma cell disorder.”
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Maura, F., Bolli, N., Rustad, E. H., Hultcrantz, M. L., Munshi, N. C., & Landgren, O. (2019) · JAMA Oncology · doi:10.1001/jamaoncol.2019.4659 · Cited by 50
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Neuromuscular amyloidosis: Unmasking the master of disguise
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MicroRNA: Important Player in the Pathobiology of Multiple Myeloma
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“…Institute, National University Health System, 1E, Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 119228 Correspondence should be addressed to Wee Joo Chng; mdccwj@nus.edu.sg Received 26 March 2014; Accepted 19 May 2014; Published 3 June 2014 Academic Editor: Kazuyuki Shimizu Copyright © 2014 C. Bi and W. J. Chng.”
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Genomic Instability in Multiple Myeloma
Alagpulinsa, D. A., Szalat, R. E., Poznansky, M. C., & Reis, R. J. S. (2020) · Trends in cancer · doi:10.1016/j.trecan.2020.05.006 · Cited by 53
Hutchison, C. A., Cockwell, P., Harding, S., Mead, G. P., Bradwell, A. R., & Barnett, A. H. (2008) · Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Targets · doi:10.1517/14728222.12.6.667 · Cited by 52
CLL-like monoclonal B-cell lymphocytosis: Are we all bound to have it?
Scarfò, L., Dagklis, A., Scielzo, C., Fazi, C., & Ghia, P. (2010) · Seminars in Cancer Biology · doi:10.1016/j.semcancer.2010.08.005 · Cited by 51
Physiopathology of necrobiotic xanthogranuloma with monoclonal gammopathy
Szalat, R. E., Pirault, J., Fermand, J., Carrié, A., Saint-Charles, F., Olivier, M., Robillard, P., Frisdal, É., Villard, E. F., Cathébras, P. J., et al. (2014) · Journal of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1111/joim.12195 · Cited by 53
Diagnostic value of blood tests for occult causes of initially idiopathic small-fiber polyneuropathy
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“2 % prevalence of MGUS in US adults over age 50, even though they include patients under 50 [64].”
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Sigurbergsdóttir, A. Ý., Rögnvaldsson, S., Þorsteinsdóttir, S., Sverrisdottir, I. S., Sigurðardóttir, G. Á., Viðarsson, B., Onundarson, P. T., Agnarsson, B. A., Sigurðardóttir, M. S., Þorsteinsdóttir, I., et al. (2023) · Haematologica · doi:10.3324/haematol.2023.283191 · Cited by 50
“MGUS is asymptomatic and is therefore typically diagnosed incidentally during clinical workup for various medical conditions, while most remain undiagnosed.(1) Although asymptomatic, MGUS has been associated with over 100 medical disorders, that are either assumed to cause or result from MGUS.”
BackgroundMacrophages in multiple myeloma: emerging concepts and therapeutic implications
Asimakopoulos, F. A., Kim, J., Denu, R. A., Hope, C. L., Jensen, J. L., Ollar, S. J., Hebron, E., Flanagan, C. E., Callander, N. S., & Hematti, P. (2013) · Leukemia & lymphoma/Leukemia and lymphoma · doi:10.3109/10428194.2013.778409 · Cited by 51
Multiple myeloma in the very elderly patient: challenges and solutions
King, A. J., Eyre, T. A., Sharpley, F. A., Watson, C. S., Ramasamy, K., & Willan, J. (2016) · Clinical Interventions in Aging · doi:10.2147/cia.s89465 · Cited by 53
Bergstrom, D. J., Kotb, R. R., Louzada, M., Sutherland, H. J., Tavoularis, S., Venner, C. P., Côté, J. A., LeBlanc, R., Reiman, T., Sébag, M., et al. (2020) · Clinical Lymphoma Myeloma & Leukemia · doi:10.1016/j.clml.2020.01.017 · Cited by 51
“There is clear epidemiologic evidence that individuals with MGUS are at increased risk of bone fracture independent of the development of overt MM and that the prevalence of osteopenia/ osteoporosis is increased in those with MGUS as compared to ageand gender-matched controls without MGUS.32,44 Thus, patients with MGU…”
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Raheja, D., Specht, C., & Simmons, Z. (2014) · Muscle & Nerve · doi:10.1002/mus.24471 · Cited by 49
“5% in those 85 years of age.(4) The clinical features of paraproteinemias vary widely, ranging from benign and subclinical MGUS to systemic malignant disorders such as multiple myeloma, Waldenstr€ om macroglobulinemia, POEMS (Polyneuropathy, Organomegaly, Endocrinopathy, Mprotein and Skin changes) syndrome, and primar…”
BackgroundFracture risk in patients with monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance
Gregersen, H., Jensen, P., Gislum, M., Jørgensen, B., Sørensen, H. T., & Nørgaard, M. (2006) · British Journal of Haematology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2141.2006.06269.x · Cited by 49
“Fracture risk in patients with monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) is the most common immunoglobulin disorder, with an estimated prevalence of 5% in persons above 70 years of age (Kyle et al, 2006).”
BackgroundCampbell, J. P., Cobbold, M., Wang, Y., Goodall, M. D., Bonney, S. L., Chamba, A., Birtwistle, J., Plant, T. D., Afzal, Z., Jefferis, R., et al. (2013) · Journal of Immunological Methods · doi:10.1016/j.jim.2013.01.014 · Cited by 48
“This finding accords with expected prevalence of MGUS in the general population (Kyle et al., 2006).”
ResultGozzetti, A., Guarnieri, A., Zamagni, E., Zakharova, E., Coriu, D., Bittrich, M., Pika, T., Tovar, N., Schutz, N. P., Ciofini, S., et al. (2022) · American Journal of Hematology · doi:10.1002/ajh.26566 · Cited by 48
“Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) is defined by a serum or urine monoclonal protein of less than 3 g/dL and 500 mg/24 h, respectively, and by less than 10% monoclonal plasma cells in the bone marrow.(1) Currently, no treatment is indicated for MGUS outside of a clinical trial.”
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“Introduction Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) is a common premalignant condition affecting at least 3% of those over the age of 50 years [1].”
BackgroundCastillo, J. J. (2016) · Primary Care Clinics in Office Practice · doi:10.1016/j.pop.2016.07.002 · Cited by 47
“The incidence and prevalence of MGUS increase with age, are higher in men than women, and are higher in individuals of African descent.(4,5)”
BackgroundBosseboeuf, A., Allain‐Maillet, S., Mennesson, N., Tallet, A., Rossi, C., Garderet, L., Caillot, D., Moreau, P., Piver, É., Girodon, F., et al. (2017) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2017.01347 · Cited by 46
“Most MGUS never evolve toward smoldering myeloma (SM) and MM: the risk of transformation of MGUS into SM and MM is estimated at 1% per year per patient, and involves the repeated acquisition of genetic alterations (7, 8).”
BackgroundSepiashvili, L., Kohlhagen, M., Snyder, M. R., Willrich, M. A. V., Mills, J. R., Dispenzieri, A. A., & Murray, D. L. (2019) · Clinical Chemistry · doi:10.1373/clinchem.2018.299461 · Cited by 47
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Epigenetic Aberrations in Multiple Myeloma
Caprio, C., Sacco, A., Giustini, V., & Roccaro, A. M. (2020) · Cancers · doi:10.3390/cancers12102996 · Cited by 49
“MM is consistently preceded by a pre-malignant condition named monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS), occurring in about 3–5% of the population above 50 year of age [3].”
BackgroundPepe, J., Petrucci, M. T., Mascia, M. L., Piemonte, S., Fassino, V., Romagnoli, E., & Minisola, S. (2008) · Calcified Tissue International · doi:10.1007/s00223-008-9145-2 · Cited by 47
“In a recent population-based study involving residents of Olmsted County, Minnesota, Kyle and coworkers [1] reported that the prevalence of this condition was 3.”
BackgroundMulti-omics reveal immune microenvironment alterations in multiple myeloma and its precursor stages
Cheng, Y., Sun, F., Alapat, D. V., Wanchai, V., Mery, D. E., Siegel, E. R., Xu, H., Johnson, S., Guo, W., Bailey, C., et al. (2024) · Blood Cancer Journal · doi:10.1038/s41408-024-01172-x · Cited by 50
Risk of Malignant Disease Among 1525 Adult Male US Veterans With Gaucher Disease
Landgren, O., Turesson, I., Gridley, G., & Caporaso, N. E. (2007) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinte.167.11.1189 · Cited by 46
The roles of bone remodeling in normal hematopoiesis and age-related hematological malignancies
Zhang, H., Liesveld, J. L., Calvi, L. M., Lipe, B. C., Xing, L., Becker, M. W., Schwarz, E. M., & Yeh, S.-C. A. (2023) · Bone Research · doi:10.1038/s41413-023-00249-w · Cited by 48
“Specifically, aberrant bone remodeling may be critical given the high incidence (3%) of plasma cell dyscrasias,(211) with the median age at diagnosis being 70 years.(212,213) Therefore, here, we review the current understanding of the interactions between skeletal aging and the development/progression of MM.”
BackgroundThe skinny on obesity and plasma cell myeloma: a review of the literature
Carson, K. R., Bates, M. L., & Tomasson, M. H. (2014) · Bone Marrow Transplantation · doi:10.1038/bmt.2014.71 · Cited by 46
Szabo, A. G., Gang, A. O., Pedersen, M. Ø., Poulsen, T. S., Klausen, T. W., & Nørgaard, P. H. (2016) · Leukemia & lymphoma/Leukemia and lymphoma · doi:10.1080/10428194.2016.1187275 · Cited by 45
Monoclonal Gammopathy of Undetermined Significance (MGUS)—Not So Asymptomatic after All
Lomas, O., Mouhieddine, T. H., Tahri, S., & Ghobrial, I. M. (2020) · Cancers · doi:10.3390/cancers12061554 · Cited by 46
“The majority of patients with MGUS are over the age of 65 [4], and even in healthy individuals, the immune response to vaccination declines with age [72].”
BackgroundInfluentialMoura, B., Aimo, A., Al‐Mohammad, A., Keramida, K., Gal, T. B., Dorbala, S., Todiere, G., Cameli, M., Barison, A., Bayés‐Genís, A., et al. (2023) · European Journal of Heart Failure · doi:10.1002/ejhf.2997 · Cited by 44
Management of multiple myeloma in Asia: resource-stratified guidelines
Tan, D. C. L., Chng, W. J., Chou, T., Nawarawong, W., Hwang, S.-Y., Chim, C. S., Chen, W.-M., Durie, B. G. M., & Lee, J. H. (2013) · The Lancet Oncology · doi:10.1016/s1470-2045(13)70404-2 · Cited by 45
Rosner, M. H., Edeani, A., Yanagita, M., Glezerman, I. G., Leung, N., & for the American Society of Nephrology Onco-Nephrology Forum (2016) · Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology · doi:10.2215/cjn.02920316 · Cited by 44
Predictive factors of efficacy of rituximab in patients with anti-MAG neuropathy
Gazzola, S., Delmont, É., Franques, J., Boucraut, J., Salort‐Campana, E., Verschueren, A., Sagui, E., Hubert, A.-M., Pouget, J., & Attarian, S. (2017) · Journal of the Neurological Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.jns.2017.04.015 · Cited by 44
“Nearly 10% of patients with a neuropathy have a monoclonal gammopathy (MG) [1] Peripheral neuropathies are more common in patients with MG than in the general population.”
Biological determinants of health disparities in multiple myeloma
Smith, C. J., Ambs, S., & Landgren, O. (2018) · Blood Cancer Journal · doi:10.1038/s41408-018-0118-z · Cited by 44
An update on the diagnosis and management of the polyneuropathy of POEMS syndrome
Cerri, F., Falzone, Y., Riva, N., & Quattrini, A. (2018) · Journal of Neurology · doi:10.1007/s00415-018-9068-4 · Cited by 47
Multiple Myeloma Guidelines and Their Recent Updates: Implications for Imaging
Mosebach, J., Thierjung, H., Schlemmer, H.-P., & Delorme, S. (2019) · RöFo - Fortschritte auf dem Gebiet der Röntgenstrahlen und der bildgebenden Verfahren · doi:10.1055/a-0897-3966 · Cited by 44
Casadonte, R., Kriegsmann, M., Deininger, S., Amann, K., Paape, R., Belau, E., Suckau, D., Fuchser, J., Beckmann, J., Becker, M. S., et al. (2015) · Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry · doi:10.1007/s00216-015-8689-z · Cited by 43
“Clinically, silent monoclonal gammopathies are frequent in elderly patients [30], and therefore, the presence of a monoclonal gammopathy should not lead to the conclusion that the amyloid is of the light chain subtype unless there is immunohistochemical evidence of light chains in the amyloid deposits or there has bee…”
BackgroundMonoclonal B cell lymphocytosis and “in situ” lymphoma
Karube, K., Scarfò, L., Campo, E., & Ghia, P. (2013) · Seminars in Cancer Biology · doi:10.1016/j.semcancer.2013.08.003 · Cited by 43
Ciocchini, M., Arbelbide, J. A., & Musso, C. G. (2017) · International Urology and Nephrology · doi:10.1007/s11255-017-1594-y · Cited by 43
“Thus, it is crucial to keep in mind a nephrological perspective during the MGUS evaluation [29, 33, 34].”
BackgroundGenetic predisposition for multiple myeloma
Pertesi, M., Went, M., Hansson, M., Hemminki, K., Houlston, R. S., & Nilsson, B. (2020) · Leukemia · doi:10.1038/s41375-019-0703-6 · Cited by 43
“It is preceded by monoclonal gammopathy of unknown significance (MGUS) [1], a common condition (3% of >50 years old) defined by a premalignant clonal growth of plasma cells that does not yet satisfy the criteria for MM, but progresses to MM at a rate of about 1% per year [2].”
BackgroundMonoclonal Gammopathy of Undetermined Significance
Gonsalves, W. I., & Rajkumar, S. V. (2022) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/aitc202212200 · Cited by 44
Self-citationStecco, A., Buemi, F., Iannessi, A., Carriero, A., & Gallamini, A. (2018) · Leukemia & lymphoma/Leukemia and lymphoma · doi:10.1080/10428194.2018.1434881 · Cited by 42
Dutta, A. K., Alberge, J.-B., Lightbody, E. D., Boehner, C. J., Dunford, A., Sklavenitis-Pistofidis, R., Mouhieddine, T. H., Cowan, A. N., Su, N. K., Horowitz, E. M., et al. (2023) · Cancer Discovery · doi:10.1158/2159-8290.cd-22-0482 · Cited by 41
Acquired von Willebrand Syndrome Associated With Monoclonal Gammopathy
Voisin, S., Hamidou, M. A., Lefrançois, A., Sigaud, M., Mahé, B., & Trossaërt, M. (2011) · Medicine · doi:10.1097/md.0b013e3182397166 · Cited by 41
“The mean age at onset was 64 years, in keeping with the ISTH database population,(11) and similar to the results noted in the MGUS and WM populations.(24,26) For AVWS screening, not all laboratory tests are equivalent.”
ResultBlotta, S., Tassone, P., PRABHALA, R. H., Tagliaferri, P., Cervi, D. N., Amin, S. B., Jakubı́ková, J., Tai, Y., Podar, K., Mitsiades, C. S., et al. (2009) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood-2009-04-219436 · Cited by 40
Glyphosate induces benign monoclonal gammopathy and promotes multiple myeloma progression in mice
Wang, L., Deng, Q., Hu, H. Z., Liu, M., Gong, Z., Zhang, S., Xu-Monette, Z. Y., Lu, Z., Young, K. H., Ma, X., et al. (2019) · Journal of Hematology & Oncology · doi:10.1186/s13045-019-0767-9 · Cited by 41
Lymphoid clonal hematopoiesis: implications for malignancy, immunity, and treatment
von Beck, K., von Beck, T. A., Ferrell, P. B., Bick, A. G., & Kishtagari, A. (2023) · Blood Cancer Journal · doi:10.1038/s41408-022-00773-8 · Cited by 45
“MGUS and MM can be further classified by immunoglobulin subtype with IgG being the most frequent [50].”
BackgroundThe epidemiology of Waldenström macroglobulinemia
McMaster, M. L. (2023) · Seminars in Hematology · doi:10.1053/j.seminhematol.2023.03.008 · Cited by 40
Defining precancer: a grand challenge for the cancer community
Faupel‐Badger, J. M., Kohaar, I., Bahl, M., Chan, A. T., Campbell, J. D., Li, J., Marzo, A. M. D., Maitra, A., Merrick, D. T., Hawk, E. T., et al. (2024) · Nature reviews. Cancer · doi:10.1038/s41568-024-00744-0 · Cited by 46
Wadhera, R. K., Kyle, R. A., Larson, D. R., Dispenzieri, A. A., Kumar, S. K., Lazarus, H. M., & Rajkumar, S. V. (2011) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood-2011-04-349175 · Cited by 40
“Months from MM diagnosis till onset of secondary MGUS 12 (1-189)”
BackgroundSelf-citationC-src Enriched Serum Microvesicles Are Generated in Malignant Plasma Cell Dyscrasia
Noto, G. D., Paolini, L., Zendrini, A., Radeghieri, A., Caimi, L., & Ricotta, D. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0070811 · Cited by 40
“MGUS can be diagnosed incidentally and can behave like a benign, asymptomatic entity, or it can progress (1% per year) to different hematologic malignancies such as multiple myeloma (MM) [1,2].”
BackgroundPrevention of Progression in Monoclonal Gammopathy of Undetermined Significance
Rajkumar, S. V. (2009) · Clinical Cancer Research · doi:10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-09-1575 · Cited by 40
“MGUS is a classic premalignant condition, present in more than 3% of the general population over the age of 50 years (2).”
BackgroundSelf-citationIgD Heavy-Chain Deposition Disease
Royal, V., Quint, P. S., Leblanc, M., LeBlanc, R., Duncanson, G. F., Perrizo, R. L., Fervenza, F. C., Kurtin, P. J., & Sethi, S. M. (2014) · Journal of the American Society of Nephrology · doi:10.1681/asn.2014050481 · Cited by 40
Multiples Myelom – aktuelle Standards in Diagnostik und Therapie
Kehrer, M., Koob, S., Strauss, A. C., Wirtz, D. C., & Schmolders, J. (2017) · Zeitschrift für Orthopädie und Unfallchirurgie · doi:10.1055/s-0043-110224 · Cited by 42
“1% pro Jahr für die Progression in eine therapiebedürftige maligne Plasmazellerkrankung wie das multiple Myelom [10,11].”
BackgroundAdvances in the Treatment of Paraproteinemic Neuropathy
Nobile‐Orazio, E., Bianco, M., & Nozza, A. (2017) · Current Treatment Options in Neurology · doi:10.1007/s11940-017-0479-9 · Cited by 40
Urbán, V. S., Ceglédi, A., & Mikala, G. (2022) · GeroScience · doi:10.1007/s11357-022-00698-x · Cited by 43
“Interestingly, the MGUS is known to be present in approximately more than 3% in the population above the age of 50 [12].”
BackgroundManagement of paraproteinaemia
Cook, L. B. M., & Macdonald, D. H. C. (2007) · Postgraduate Medical Journal · doi:10.1136/pgmj.2006.054627 · Cited by 41
Abou‐Ismail, M. Y., Rodgers, G. M., Bray, P. F., & Lim, M. Y. (2021) · Research and Practice in Thrombosis and Haemostasis · doi:10.1002/rth2.12481 · Cited by 39
Genome Instability in Multiple Myeloma: Facts and Factors
Aksenova, A. Y., Zhuk, A. S., Lada, A. G., Zotova, I. V., Stepchenkova, E. I., Kostroma, I. I., Gritsaev, S. V., & Pavlov, Y. I. (2021) · Cancers · doi:10.3390/cancers13235949 · Cited by 43
“It could be present in ~3% of the normal human population over 50 years old [7].”
BackgroundThe use of immunoglobulin light chain assays in the diagnosis of paraprotein-related kidney disease
Yadav, P., Leung, N., Sanders, P. W., & Cockwell, P. (2014) · Kidney International · doi:10.1038/ki.2014.333 · Cited by 39
“(1) For patients with advanced chronic kidney disease and a serum FLC ratio between 1.”
BackgroundMethodStanganelli, C., Arbelbide, J. A., Fantl, D. B. E., Corrado, C., & Slavutsky, I. R. (2009) · Annals of Hematology · doi:10.1007/s00277-009-0818-3 · Cited by 39
“After a median of 10 years, about one quarter of MGUS patients develop MM [30].”
Background
Metadata
- Authors
- Kyle, R. A., Therneau, T. M., Rajkumar, S. V., Larson, D. R., Plevak, M. F., Offord, J. R., Dispenzieri, A., Katzmann, J. A., & Melton, L. J.
- Affiliations
- Mayo Clinic (US)
- Venue
- New England Journal of Medicine
- Publisher
- Massachusetts Medical Society
- Published
- 2006-03-30
- Volume
- 354
- Issue
- 13
- Pages
- 1362-1369
- ISSN
- 0028-4793 (ISSN-L)
- 1533-4406
- OpenAlex
- W2086990334
- Cited by
- 1,423
- References
- 22
- Citations by year
- 2026: 56 · 2025: 80 · 2024: 90 · 2023: 71 · 2022: 83 · 2021: 88 · 2020: 93 · 2019: 77 · 2018: 64 · 2017: 73 · 2016: 66 · 2015: 60 · 2014: 66 · 2013: 78 · 2012: 70
- FWCI
- 33.16
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- New England Journal of Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Cancer Institute (CA 107 476, CA6 2242, R01CA107476, P01CA062242)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Hematology › Multiple Myeloma Research and Treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Hematology › Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Internal Medicine › Amyloidosis: Diagnosis, Treatment, Outcomes
- Keywords
- monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance, prevalence, plasma cell dyscrasia, M protein, serum protein electrophoresis, immunofixation, age differences, Olmsted County, Minnesota
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Female, Humans, Immunoglobulin A, Immunoglobulin G, Immunoglobulin M, Male, Middle Aged, Minnesota, Paraproteinemias, Prevalence, Age Distribution, Sex Distribution
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