Long-term follow-up of the West of Scotland Coronary Prevention Study
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: The West of Scotland Coronary Prevention Study was a randomized clinical trial comparing pravastatin with placebo in men with hypercholesterolemia who did not have a history of myocardial infarction, with an average follow-up of approximately 5 years. The combined outcome of death from definite coronary heart disease or definite nonfatal myocardial infarction was reduced from 7.9 to 5.5% (P<0.001) in the treatment group. Extended follow-up data were obtained for approximately 10 years after completion of the trial. METHODS: For the survivors of the trial, all deaths, hospitalizations and deaths due to coronary events and stroke, and incident cancers and deaths from cancer were tracked with the use of a national computerized record-linkage system. The results were analyzed with time-to-event analyses and use of Cox proportional-hazards models. RESULTS: Five years after the trial ended, 38.7% of the original statin group and 35.2% of the original placebo group were being treated with a statin. In the period approximately 10 years after completion of the trial, the risk of death from coronary heart disease or nonfatal myocardial infarction was 10.3% in the placebo group and 8.6% in the pravastatin group (P=0.02); over the entire follow-up period, the rate was 15.5% in the placebo group and 11.8% in the pravastatin group (P<0.001). Similar percentage reductions were seen in the combined rate of death from coronary heart disease and hospitalization for coronary events for both periods. The rate of death from cardiovascular causes was reduced (P=0.01), as was the rate of death from any cause (P=0.03), over the entire follow-up period. There were no excess deaths from noncardiovascular causes or excess fatal or incident cancers. CONCLUSIONS: In this analysis, 5 years of treatment with pravastatin was associated with a significant reduction in coronary events for a subsequent 10 years in men with hypercholesterolemia who did not have a history of myocardial infarction.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The effect of blood-pressure reduction on cardiovascular end points usually occurs within months, whereas the effect of lipid lowering is evident after 1 to 2 years.
“The effect of blood-pressure reduction on cardiovascular end points usually occurs within months, 26,27 whereas the effect of lipid lowering is evident after 1 to 2 years.8,28,29”
From Effect of a multifactorial intervention on mortality in type 2 diabetes (2008) · cites this paper as [26]
Increasing evidence from the general population indicates that strength and resistance training or high-intensity interval training can produce multiple beneficial effects for metabolic and mental health.
“Whereas much of the research has been conducted on aerobic exercise, increasing amounts of evidence from the general population indicates that strength and resistance training or 'high intensity interval training can produce a multitude of beneficial effects, for both metabolic and mental health.288-290”
From The Lancet Psychiatry Commission: a blueprint for protecting physical health in people with mental illness (2019) · cites this paper as [288]
Cites
Prevention of Coronary Heart Disease with Pravastatin in Men with Hypercholesterolemia
Shepherd, J., Cobbe, S. M., Ford, I., Isles, C. G., Lorimer, A. R., Macfarlane, P. W., McKillop, J. H., & Packard, C. J. (1995) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199511163332001 · Cited by 7,449 · see citing works
Sacks, F. M., Pfeffer, M. A., Moye, L. A., Rouleau, J. L., Rutherford, J. D., Cole, T. G., Brown, L., Warnica, J. W., Arnold, J. M. O., Wun, C.-C., et al. (1996) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199610033351401 · Cited by 7,439 · see citing works
(1998) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199811053391902 · Cited by 5,261 · see citing works
PREVENTION OF CORONARY HEART DISEASE WITH PRAVASTATIN IN MEN WITH HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA
Hepherd, J. A. S., Obbe, S. T. M. C., Ord, I. A. F., Sles, C. H. G. I., Orimer, A. R. O. L., Acfarlane, P. E. W. M., Illop, J. A. H. M. C. K., Ackard, C. H. J. P., & Roup, S. T. G. (1995) · Cited by 3,453 · see citing works
Nissen, S. E., Nicholls, S. J., Sipahi, I., Libby, P., Raichlen, J. S., Ballantyne, C. M., Davignon, J., Erbel, R., Fruchart, J. C., Tardif, J.-C., et al. (2006) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.295.13.jpc60002 · Cited by 2,047 · see citing works
Jukema, J., Bruschke, A. V., van Boven, A. J., Reiber, J., Bal, E., Zwinderman, A., Jansen, H., Boerma, G., van Rappard, F. M., & Kong, L. I. (1995) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.91.10.2528 · Cited by 911 · see citing works
Pravastatin, lipids, and atherosclerosis in the carotid arteries (PLAC-II)
Crouse, J. R., Byington, R. P., Bond, M. G., Espefand, M. A., Craven, T. E., Sprinkle, J. W., McGovern, M. E., & Furberg, C. D. (1995) · The American Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/s0002-9149(99)80580-3 · Cited by 607 · see citing works
Dale, K. M., Coleman, C. I., Henyan, N. N., Kluger, J., & White, C. M. (2006) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.295.1.74 · Cited by 598 · see citing works
Antibodies against MICA Antigens and Kidney-Transplant Rejection
Zou, Y., Šťastný, P., Süsal, C., Döhler, B., & Opelz, G. (2007) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa067160 · Cited by 452 · see citing works
Pitt, B., Mancini, G., Ellis, S. G., Rosman, H. S., Park, J.-S., & McGovern, M. (1995) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/0735-1097(95)00301-0 · Cited by 445 · see citing works
The Scottish Record Linkage System.
Kendrick, S. W., & Clarke, J. (1993) · PubMed · Cited by 377 · see citing works
Four-year Follow-up of a Prospective Trial of HLA and MICA Antibodies on Kidney Graft Survival
Terasaki, P., Ozawa, M., & Castro, R. M. P. (2007) · American Journal of Transplantation · doi:10.1111/j.1600-6143.2006.01644.x · Cited by 362 · see citing works
Strandberg, T. E., Pyörälà, K., Cook, T. J., Wilhelmsen, L., Færgeman, O., Þorgeirsson, G., Pedersen, T. R., & KJEKSHUS, J. K. (2004) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(04)16936-5 · Cited by 330 · see citing works
Deprivation and mortality in Scotland, 1981 and 1991
McLoone, P., & Boddy, F. A. (1994) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.309.6967.1465 · Cited by 247 · see citing works
Statins and Prostate Cancer Risk: A Case-Control Study
Shannon, J., Tewoderos, S., Garzotto, M. G., Beer, T. M., Derenick, R., Palma, A., & Farris, P. E. (2005) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/aje/kwi203 · Cited by 231 · see citing works
Jaime, J., Klittich, W. S., McGuire, A. J., Ford, I., Norrie, J. D., Pettitt, D., McMurray, J. J. V., & Shepherd, J. (1997) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.315.7122.1577 · Cited by 203 · see citing works
HLA Antibody Identification With Single Antigen Beads Compared To Conventional Methods
El-Awar, N. R., Lee, J., & Terasaki, P. I. (2005) · Human Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.humimm.2005.07.005 · Cited by 130 · see citing works
(1995) · Journal of Clinical Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/0895-4356(95)00530-7 · Cited by 122 · see citing works
A coronary primary prevention study of Scottish men aged 45?64 years: Trial design
(1992) · Journal of Clinical Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/0895-4356(92)90068-x · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Detection of Antibodies to HLA-DP in Renal Transplant Recipients Using Single Antigen Beads
Qiu, J., Cai, J., Terasaki, P. I., El-Awar, N. R., & Lee, J.-H. (2005) · Transplantation · doi:10.1097/01.tp.0000181384.49832.3a · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Screening experience and baseline characteristics in the West of Scotland coronary prevention study
* (1995) · The American Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/s0002-9149(99)80135-0 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Effect of a multifactorial intervention on mortality in type 2 diabetes
Gæde, P., Lund-Andersen, H., Parving, H.-H., & Pedersen, O. (2008) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa0706245 · Cited by 3,489 · see citing works
Collaborators, C. T. T. (. (2012) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(12)60367-5 · Cited by 2,833 · see citing works
Rosuvastatin and Cardiovascular Events in Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis
Fellström, B. C., Jardine, A. G., Schmieder, R. E., Holdaas, H., Bannister, K., Beutler, J., Chae, D.-W., Chevaile, A., Cobbe, S. M., Grönhagen-Riska, C., et al. (2009) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa0810177 · Cited by 2,036 · see citing works
Firth, J., Siddiqi, N., Koyanagi, A., Siskind, D., Rosenbaum, S., Galletly, C., Allan, S., Caneo, C., Carney, R., Carvalho, A. F., et al. (2019) · The Lancet Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s2215-0366(19)30132-4 · Cited by 1,531 · see citing works
Ford, I., & Norrie, J. (2016) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmra1510059 · Cited by 1,405 · see citing works
Coronary CT Angiography and 5-Year Risk of Myocardial Infarction
The SCOT-HEART Investigators (2018) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa1805971 · Cited by 1,390 · see citing works
Jellinger, P. S., Handelsman, Y., Rosenblit, P. D., Bloomgarden, Z. T., Fonseca, V. A., Garber, A. J., Grunberger, G., Guerin, C. K., Bell, D. S. H., Mechanick, J. I., et al. (2017) · Endocrine Practice · doi:10.4158/ep171764.appgl · Cited by 1,094 · see citing works
Wiegman, A., Gidding, S. S., Watts, G. F., Chapman, M. J., Ginsberg, H. N., Cuchel, M., Ose, L., Averna, M., Boileau, C., Borén, J., et al. (2015) · European Heart Journal · doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehv157 · Cited by 891 · see citing works
“better CHD outcomes in those initially randomized to statin treatment.(72,73) Table 4 summarizes key points related to FH management.”
BackgroundRawshani, A., Sattar, N., Franzén, S., Rawshani, A., Hattersley, A. T., Svensson, A.-M., Eliasson, B., & Gudbjörnsdottir, S. (2018) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(18)31506-x · Cited by 802 · see citing works
Brugts, J. J., Yetgin, T., Hoeks, S. E., Gotto, A. M., Shepherd, J., Westendorp, R. G. J., de Craen, A. J. M., Knopp, R. H., Nakamura, H., Ridker, P., et al. (2009) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.b2376 · Cited by 792 · see citing works
Self-citationThe Pathology of Atherosclerosis: Plaque Development and Plaque Responses to Medical Treatment
Insull, W. (2008) · The American Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.amjmed.2008.10.013 · Cited by 637 · see citing works
Jellinger, P. S., Smith, D. A., Mehta, A., Ganda, O. P., Handelsman, Y., Rodbard, H. W., Shepherd, M. D., & Seibel, J. A. (2012) · Endocrine Practice · doi:10.4158/ep.18.s1.1 · Cited by 527 · see citing works
Gæde, P., Oellgaard, J., Carstensen, B., Rossing, P., Lund-Andersen, H., Parving, H.-H., & Pedersen, O. (2016) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s00125-016-4065-6 · Cited by 528 · see citing works
Shah, A. S. V., Griffiths, M., Lee, K. K., McAllister, D., Hunter, A. L., Ferry, A. V., Cruikshank, A., Reid, A. W., Stoddart, M., Strachan, F. E., et al. (2015) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.g7873 · Cited by 460 · see citing works
Pharmacological Actions of Statins: A Critical Appraisal in the Management of Cancer
Gazzerro, P., Proto, M., Gangemi, G., Malfitano, A. M., Ciaglia, E., Pisanti, S., Santoro, A., Laezza, C., & Bifulco, M. (2011) · Pharmacological Reviews · doi:10.1124/pr.111.004994 · Cited by 458 · see citing works
Ray, K. K. (2010) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinternmed.2010.182 · Cited by 446 · see citing works
Updated Cardiovascular Prevention Guideline of the Brazilian Society of Cardiology - 2019
Précoma, D. B., de Oliveira, G. M. M., Simão, A. F. L., Dutra, Ó. P., Coelho-Filho, O. R., Izar, M. C. D. O., Póvoa, R., Giuliano, I. D. C. B., Filho, A. C. D. A., Machado, C. A., et al. (2019) · Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia · doi:10.5935/abc.20190204 · Cited by 469 · see citing works
Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Mortality and Events With Statin Treatments
Mills, E. J., Rachlis, B., Wu, P., Devereaux, P. J., Arora, P., & Perri, D. (2008) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2008.08.039 · Cited by 423 · see citing works
Long-term evolocumab in patients with established atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease
O’Donoghue, M. L., Giugliano, R. P., Wiviott, S. D., Atar, D., Keech, A., Kuder, J. F., Im, K., Murphy, S. A., Flores-Arredondo, J. H., López, J. A. G., et al. (2022) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.122.061620 · Cited by 410 · see citing works
Are sirtuins viable targets for improving healthspan and lifespan?
Baur, J. A., Ungvari, Z. I., Minor, R. K., Couteur, D. G. L., & de Cabo, R. (2012) · Nature Reviews Drug Discovery · doi:10.1038/nrd3738 · Cited by 389 · see citing works
Heart Protection Study Collaborative Group (2011) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(11)61125-2 · Cited by 373 · see citing works
Herrett, E. L., Shah, A. D., Boggon, R., Denaxas, S., Smeeth, L. L., van Staa, T. P., Timmis, A., & Hemingway, H. (2013) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.f2350 · Cited by 370 · see citing works
Statin Therapy: Review of Safety and Potential Side Effects.
Ramkumar, S., Raghunath, A., & Raghunath, S. (2016) · PubMed Central · doi:10.6515/acs20160611a · Cited by 358 · see citing works
Cholesterol Treatment Trialists' (CTT) Collaboration (2012) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0029849 · Cited by 351 · see citing works
Statins for the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease
Taylor, F., Huffman, M. D., Macedo, A. F., Moore, T. H., Burke, M., Davey Smith, G., Ward, K., Ebrahim, S., & Gay, H. C. (2013) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd004816.pub5 · Cited by 1,934 · see citing works
Mills, E. J., WU, P., Chong, G., Ghement, I., Singh, S., Akl, E. A., Eyawo, O., Guyatt, G., Berwanger, O., & Briel, M. (2011) · QJM · doi:10.1093/qjmed/hcq165 · Cited by 338 · see citing works
HMG CoA reductase inhibitors (statins) for people with chronic kidney disease not requiring dialysis
Palmer, S. C., Navaneethan, S. D., Craig, J. C., Johnson, D. W., Perkovic, V., Hegbrant, J., & Strippoli, G. F. (2014) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd007784.pub2 · Cited by 333 · see citing works
Koenig, W. (2013) · International Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.ijcard.2013.07.113 · Cited by 315 · see citing works
Statins in the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease
Reiner, Ž. (2013) · Nature Reviews Cardiology · doi:10.1038/nrcardio.2013.80 · Cited by 312 · see citing works
Statins and cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Kuoppala, J., Lamminpää, A., & Pukkala, . (2008) · European Journal of Cancer · doi:10.1016/j.ejca.2008.06.025 · Cited by 285 · see citing works
Statin use and cancer risk: a comprehensive review
Boudreau, D. M., Yu, O., & Johnson, J. (2010) · Expert Opinion on Drug Safety · doi:10.1517/14740331003662620 · Cited by 274 · see citing works
High-Sensitivity Cardiac Troponin, Statin Therapy, and Risk of Coronary Heart Disease
Ford, I., Shah, A. S. V., Zhang, R., McAllister, D., Strachan, F. E., CASLAKE, M. J., Newby, D. E., Packard, C. J., & Mills, N. L. (2016) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2016.10.020 · Cited by 247 · see citing works
Ford, I., Murray, H., McCowan, C., & Packard, C. J. (2016) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.115.019014 · Cited by 238 · see citing works
Smeeth, L. L., Douglas, I., Hall, A. J., Hubbard, R., & Evans, S. J. W. (2008) · British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2125.2008.03308.x · Cited by 234 · see citing works
Hemingway, H., Asselbergs, F. W., Danesh, J., Dobson, R., Maniadakis, N., Maggioni, A. P., van Thiel, G. J. M. W., Cronin, M., Brobert, G., Vardas, P. E., et al. (2017) · European Heart Journal · doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehx487 · Cited by 212 · see citing works
“These findings and the growing evidence that EHR can provide a platform for assessing feasibility, refining protocols and recruiting patients 41,90,117 have stimulated major interest because of the lower cost and higher speed of trial delivery.”
BackgroundStatin Use and Risk of Prostate Cancer: A Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies
Bansal, D., Undela, K., D’Cruz, S., & Schifano, F. (2012) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0046691 · Cited by 205 · see citing works
Chemoprevention of Colorectal Cancer
Katona, B. W., & Weiss, J. M. (2019) · Gastroenterology · doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2019.06.047 · Cited by 198 · see citing works
Vallejo-Vaz, A. J., Robertson, M., Catapano, A. L., Watts, G. F., Kastelein, J. J., Packard, C. J., Ford, I., & Ray, K. K. (2017) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.117.027966 · Cited by 185 · see citing works
Self-citationSensible approaches for reducing clinical trial costs
Eisenstein, E. L., Collins, R., Cracknell, B. S., Podesta, O., Reid, E. D., Sandercock, P. A., Shakhov, Y., Terrin, M. L., Sellers, M. A., Califf, R. M., et al. (2008) · Clinical Trials · doi:10.1177/1740774507087551 · Cited by 176 · see citing works
“The use and value of such systems for clinical trials, especially to facilitate long-term follow-up of safety and efficacy, has recently been demonstrated in the UK [19,20].”
BackgroundAn assessment by the Statin Intolerance Panel: 2014 update
Guyton, J. R., Bays, H. E., Grundy, S. M., & Jacobson, T. A. (2014) · Journal of clinical lipidology · doi:10.1016/j.jacl.2014.03.002 · Cited by 165 · see citing works
Antioxidant Effects of Statins by Modulating Nrf2 and Nrf2/HO-1 Signaling in Different Diseases
Mansouri, A., Reiner, Ž., Ruscica, M., Tedeschi-Reiner, E., Radbakhsh, S., Ekta, M. B., & Sahebkar, A. (2022) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm11051313 · Cited by 164 · see citing works
van Staa, T. P., Dyson, L., McCann, G., Padmanabhan, S., Belatri, R., Goldacre, B. M., Cassell, J., Pirmohamed, M., Torgerson, D. J., Ronaldson, S. J., et al. (2014) · Health Technology Assessment · doi:10.3310/hta18430 · Cited by 154 · see citing works
Guiding Therapy by Coronary CT Angiography Improves Outcomes in Patients With Stable Chest Pain
Adamson, P. D., Williams, M. C., Dweck, M. R., Mills, N. L., Boon, N. A., Daghem, M., Bing, R., Moss, A. J., Mangion, K., Flather, M., et al. (2019) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2019.07.085 · Cited by 149 · see citing works
“Finally, we would highlight that the magnitude of the effect size we described in the SCOT-HEART trial is consistent with other diagnostic studies in patients with suspected coronary heart disease (14), as well as primary prevention trials in patients with interventions targeted to those at higher risk, such as the JU…”
BackgroundResultBonovas, S., Filioussi, K., & Sitaras, N. M. (2008) · International Journal of Cancer · doi:10.1002/ijc.23550 · Cited by 149 · see citing works
Routinely collected data for randomized trials: promises, barriers, and implications
Cord, K. A. M., Salman, R. A., Treweek, S. P., Gardner, H., Strech, D., Whiteley, W. N., Ioannidis, J. P. A., & Hemkens, L. G. (2018) · Trials · doi:10.1186/s13063-017-2394-5 · Cited by 148 · see citing works
Mills, E. J., O’Regan, C., Eyawo, O., Wu, P., Mills, F. P., Berwanger, O. B., & Briel, M. (2011) · European Heart Journal · doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehr035 · Cited by 147 · see citing works
Cholesterol and cardiovascular disease in the elderly. Facts and gaps.
Félix-Redondo, F. J., Grau, M., & Fernandez-Berges, D. J. (2013) · Europe PMC (PubMed Central) · Cited by 138 · see citing works
Logue, J., Murray, H. M., Welsh, P. I., Shepherd, J., Packard, C. J., Macfarlane, P. W., Cobbe, S. M., Ford, I., & Sattar, N. A. (2011) · Heart · doi:10.1136/hrt.2010.211201 · Cited by 139 · see citing works
“9 years, with further follow-up completed to 15 years.(14) All subjects provided written informed consent and ethical approval was obtained for the trial.”
BackgroundInclusion of Stroke in Cardiovascular Risk Prediction Instruments
Lackland, D. T., Elkind, M. S. V., D’Agostino, R. B., Dhamoon, M. S., Goff, D. C., Higashida, R. T., McClure, L. A., Mitchell, P. H., Sacco, R. L., Sila, C. A., et al. (2012) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/str.0b013e31825bcdac · Cited by 133 · see citing works
New‐Onset Epilepsy Risk Factors in Older Veterans
Pugh, M. J., Knoefel, J. E., Mortensen, E. M., Amuan, M. E., Berlowitz, D. R., & Cott, A. C. V. (2009) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1111/j.1532-5415.2008.02124.x · Cited by 128 · see citing works
Sever, P., Chang, C. L., Gupta, A. K., Whitehouse, A., & Poulter, N. R. (2011) · European Heart Journal · doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehr333 · Cited by 124 · see citing works
Shah, A. S. V., Sandoval, Y. B., Noaman, A., Sexter, A., Vaswani, A., Smith, S. W., Gibbins, M., Griffiths, M., Chapman, A. R., Strachan, F. E., et al. (2017) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.j4788 · Cited by 124 · see citing works
Diabetes mellitus and other disorders of metabolism
(2009) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-7020-2993-6.00024-9 · Cited by 121 · see citing works
Franklin, J. M., Pawar, A. M., Martin, D., Glynn, R. J., Levenson, M. S., Temple, R., & Schneeweiß, S. (2019) · Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1002/cpt.1633 · Cited by 122 · see citing works
“Furthermore, many of the trials that were not found to be replicable given our self-imposed data constraints relied on laboratory values that are not measured in claims but are measured well in other RWD sources, such as EHRs.(38) A major barrier to greater reliance on RWE has been concerns about the validity of nonra…”
Differential metabolic effects of pravastatin and simvastatin in hypercholesterolemic patients
Koh, K. K., Quon, M. J., Han, S. H., Lee, Y., Kim, S. J., Park, J. B., & Shin, E. K. (2009) · Atherosclerosis · doi:10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2008.09.021 · Cited by 119 · see citing works
Lowrie, R., Mair, F. S., Greenlaw, N., Forsyth, P., Jhund, P. S., McConnachie, A., Rae, B., & McMurray, J. J. V. (2011) · European Heart Journal · doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehr433 · Cited by 116 · see citing works
Lytras, T. (2014) · World Journal of Gastroenterology · doi:10.3748/wjg.v20.i7.1858 · Cited by 114 · see citing works
Antiatherosclerotic and Anti-Insulin Resistance Effects of Adiponectin: Basic and Clinical Studies
Han, S. H., Sakuma, I., Shin, E. K., & Koh, K. K. (2009) · Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.pcad.2009.06.004 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
ACE inhibitors and statins in adolescents with type 1 diabetes
Marcovecchio, M. L., Chiesa, S. T., Bond, S., Daneman, D., Dawson, S., Donaghue, K. C., Jones, T. W., Mahmud, F. H., Marshall, S. M., Neil, H. A. W., et al. (2017) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa1703518 · Cited by 112 · see citing works
McConnachie, A., Walker, A., Robertson, M., Marchbank, L., Peacock, J., Packard, C. J., Cobbe, S. M., & Ford, I. (2014) · European Heart Journal · doi:10.1093/eurheartj/eht232 · Cited by 104 · see citing works
“2% in the pravastatin and placebo arms, respectively) in the two groups during the first 5 years of extended follow-up.(4) All follow-up in this report, both within-trial and post-trial, is from electronic linkage to hospital discharge records, the cancer registry and General Register Office death records using establ…”
BackgroundMethodMeasurement of endothelial function and its clinical utility for cardiovascular risk
Al-Qaisi, M. (2008) · Vascular Health and Risk Management · doi:10.2147/vhrm.s2769 · Cited by 108 · see citing works
Prostate cancer and PSA among statin users in the Finnish prostate cancer screening trial
Murtola, T. J., Tammela, T. L. J., Määttänen, L., Huhtala, H., Platz, E. A., Ala‐Opas, M., Stenman, U., & Auvinen, A. P. (2010) · International Journal of Cancer · doi:10.1002/ijc.25165 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
Sever, P., Poulter, N. R., Dahlöf, B., Wedel, H., Beevers, G., Caulfield, M. J., Collins, R., Kjeldsen, S. E., Kristinsson, A., McInnes, G. T., et al. (2008) · European Heart Journal · doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehm583 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
Cardiometabolic Comorbidities in Cancer Survivors
Zullig, L. L., Sung, A. D., Khouri, M. G., Jazowski, S. A., Shah, N. P., Sitlinger, A. P., Blalock, D. V., Whitney, C. A., Kikuchi, R., Bosworth, H. B., et al. (2022) · JACC CardioOncology · doi:10.1016/j.jaccao.2022.03.005 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
Williams, M. C., Wereski, R., Tuck, C. E., Adamson, P. D., Shah, A. S. V., van Beek, E. J. R., Roditi, G., Berry, C., Boon, N. A., Flather, M., et al. (2025) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(24)02679-5 · Cited by 108 · see citing works
Treatment with Statins in Elderly Patients
Horodinschi, R.-N., Stănescu, A. M. A., Bratu, O. G., Stoian, A. P., Radavoi, D. G., & Diaconu, C. C. (2019) · Medicina · doi:10.3390/medicina55110721 · Cited by 103 · see citing works
Evidence Mandating Earlier and More Aggressive Treatment of Hypercholesterolemia
Steinberg, D. H., Glass, C. K., & Witztum, J. L. (2008) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.107.753152 · Cited by 100 · see citing works
Ford, I., Mooijaart, S. P., Lloyd, S. M., Murray, H. M., Westendorp, R. G. J., de Craen, A. J. M., Packard, C. J., Buckley, B. M., Barlow, C., Preiss, D., et al. (2011) · International Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/ije/dyr172 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
Lochhead, P. J., & Chan, A. T. (2012) · Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology · doi:10.1016/j.cgh.2012.08.037 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
Statins in the Prevention and Treatment of Heart Failure: a Review of the Evidence
Lee, M. M. Y., Sattar, N. A., McMurray, J. J. V., & Packard, C. J. (2019) · Current Atherosclerosis Reports · doi:10.1007/s11883-019-0800-z · Cited by 95 · see citing works
NLA Task Force on Statin Safety - 2014 update
Jacobson, T. A. (2014) · Journal of clinical lipidology · doi:10.1016/j.jacl.2014.03.003 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Curing atherosclerosis should be the next major cardiovascular prevention goal
Robinson, J. G., & Gidding, S. S. (2014) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2014.04.009 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
MacDonald, T. M., Hawkey, C. J., Ford, I., McMurray, J. J. V., Scheiman, J. M., Hallas, J., Findlay, E. A., Grobbee, D. E., Hobbs, R. F., Ralston, S. H., et al. (2016) · European Heart Journal · doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehw387 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Prevalence and determinants of carotid plaque in the cross-sectional REFINE-Reykjavik study
Sturlaugsdottir, R., Aspelund, T., Björnsdóttir, G., Sigurdsson, S. O., Þórsson, B., Eiríksdóttir, G., & Gudnason, V. G. (2016) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2016-012457 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
Vickers, A. J., & Scardino, P. T. (2009) · Trials · doi:10.1186/1745-6215-10-14 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Statin Use and Breast Cancer Risk in a Large Population-Based Setting
Boudreau, D. M., Yu, O., Miglioretti, D. L., Buist, D. S. M., Heckbert, S. R., & Daling, J. R. (2007) · Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention · doi:10.1158/1055-9965.epi-06-0737 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
“In conclusion, our study and other epidemiologic studies indicate that statins are safe in relation to prostate cancer risk but any chemopreventive effect remains to be established and recent report of increased prostate cancer risk with pravastatin use from the long-term follow-up of the West of Scotland Coronary Pre…”
BackgroundResultThe Complex Interplay Between Cholesterol and Prostate Malignancy
Solomon, K. R., & Freeman, M. R. (2011) · Urologic Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.ucl.2011.04.001 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Rubbo, B., Fitzpatrick, N. K., Denaxas, S., Daskalopoulou, M., Yu, N., Patel, R. S., & Hemingway, H. (2015) · International Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.ijcard.2015.03.075 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Benefits of statin therapy and compliance in high risk cardiovascular patients
DEEDWANIA, P. C., & Lardizabal (2010) · Vascular Health and Risk Management · doi:10.2147/vhrm.s9474 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Long-term persistence with statin therapy: A nationwide register study in Finland
Helin-Salmivaara, A., Lavikainen, P., Korhonen, M. J., Halava, H., Junnila, S. Y. T., Kettunen, R., Neuvonen, P. J., Martikainen, J. E., Ruokoniemi, P., & Saastamoinen, L. K. (2008) · Clinical Therapeutics · doi:10.1016/j.clinthera.2008.12.003 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Buchwald, H., Rudser, K. D., Williams, S. E., Michalek, V. N., Vagasky, J., & Connett, J. E. (2010) · Annals of Surgery · doi:10.1097/sla.0b013e3181deb4d0 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Danilowicz, K., Bruno, O. D., Manavela, M., Gomez, R. M., & Barkan, A. (2008) · Pituitary · doi:10.1007/s11102-008-0126-2 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Statins and prostate cancer prevention: where we are now, and future directions
Murtola, T. J., Visakorpi, T., Lahtela, J. T., Syvälä, H., & Tammela, T. L. J. (2008) · Nature Clinical Practice Urology · doi:10.1038/ncpuro1146 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Liu, Q., & Gupta, S. (2011) · International Journal of Research in Marketing · doi:10.1016/j.ijresmar.2011.04.001 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Bathum, L., Christensen, R. D., Pedersen, L. E., Pedersen, P. L., Larsen, J. T., & Nexøe, J. (2013) · Scandinavian Journal of Primary Health Care · doi:10.3109/02813432.2013.824157 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Statins and prostate cancer: Molecular and clinical aspects
Papadopoulos, G. I., Delakas, D., Nakopoulou, L., & Kassimatis, T. I. (2011) · European Journal of Cancer · doi:10.1016/j.ejca.2011.01.005 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Use of data linkage to measure the population health effect of non-health-care interventions
Lyons, R. A., Ford, D. V., Moore, L., & Rodgers, S. (2013) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(13)61750-x · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Long-Term Effectiveness and Safety of Pravastatin in Patients With Coronary Heart Disease
Hague, W. E., Simes, J. R., Kirby, A. C., KEECH, A. C., White, H. D., Hunt, D. U., Nestel, P. J., Colquhoun, D. M., Pater, H., Stewart, R., et al. (2016) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.115.018580 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Compliance with lipid-lowering therapy and its impact on cardiovascular morbidity and mortality
Liberopoulos, E. N., Florentin, M., Mikhailidis, D. P., & Elisaf, M. (2008) · Expert Opinion on Drug Safety · doi:10.1517/14740330802396984 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Rorie, D. A., Rogers, A., Mackenzie, I. S., Ford, I., Webb, D. J., Willams, B., Brown, M. J., Poulter, N. R., Findlay, E. A., Saywood, W., et al. (2016) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2015-010313 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Statin use and prostate cancer risk in a large population-based setting
Boudreau, D. M., Yu, O., Buist, D. S. M., & Miglioretti, D. L. (2008) · Cancer Causes & Control · doi:10.1007/s10552-008-9139-4 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
“In conclusion, our study and other epidemiologic studies indicate that statins are safe in relation to prostate cancer risk but any chemopreventive effect remains to be established and recent report of increased prostate cancer risk with pravastatin use from the long-term follow-up of the West of Scotland Coronary Pre…”
ResultLloyd, S. M., Stott, D. J., de Craen, A. J. M., Kearney, P. M., Sattar, N. A., Perry, I. J., Packard, C. J., Briggs, A. H., Marchbank, L., Comber, H., et al. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0072642 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Big biomedical data and cardiovascular disease research: opportunities and challenges
Denaxas, S., & Morley, K. I. (2015) · European Heart Journal - Quality of Care and Clinical Outcomes · doi:10.1093/ehjqcco/qcv005 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Lee, K. K., Noaman, A., Vaswani, A., Gibbins, M., Griffiths, M., Chapman, A. R., Strachan, F. E., Anand, A., McAllister, D., Newby, D. E., et al. (2018) · The American Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.amjmed.2018.10.002 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Can the biology of VEGF and haem oxygenases help solve pre-eclampsia?
Ahmed, A., & Cudmore, M. (2009) · Biochemical Society Transactions · doi:10.1042/bst0371237 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Wadham, C., & Mangoni, A. A. (2009) · Expert Opinion on Drug Metabolism & Toxicology · doi:10.1517/17425250902785172 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Statins increase the risk of prostate cancer: A population‐based case–control study
Chang, C., Ho, S., Chiu, H., & Yang, C. (2011) · The Prostate · doi:10.1002/pros.21401 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Adding a life-course perspective to cardiovascular-risk communication
Karmali, K. N., & Lloyd‐Jones, D. M. (2013) · Nature Reviews Cardiology · doi:10.1038/nrcardio.2012.185 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Grabowski, D. C., Lakdawalla, D. N., Goldman, D. P., Eber, M., Liu, L. Z., Abdelgawad, T., Kuznik, A., Chernew, M. E., & Philipson, T. (2012) · Health Affairs · doi:10.1377/hlthaff.2011.1120 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
- Authors
- Ford, I., Murray, H., Packard, C. J., Shepherd, J., Macfarlane, P. W., & Cobbe, S. M.
- Affiliations
- University of Glasgow (GB)
- Venue
- New England Journal of Medicine
- Publisher
- Massachusetts Medical Society
- Published
- 2007-10-11
- Volume
- 357
- Issue
- 15
- Pages
- 1477-1486
- ISSN
- 0028-4793 (ISSN-L)
- 1533-4406
- OpenAlex
- W1973491874
- Cited by
- 416
- References
- 23
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 23 · 2017: 26 · 2016: 29 · 2015: 19 · 2014: 34 · 2013: 46 · 2012: 28
- FWCI
- 36.61
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- New England Journal of Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- ENLIGHTEN (Jurnal Bimbingan dan Konseling Islam) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Lipoproteins and Cardiovascular Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Acute Myocardial Infarction Research
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cancer Research › Cancer, Lipids, and Metabolism
- Keywords
- pravastatin, statins, hypercholesterolemia, coronary artery disease, myocardial infarction, long-term follow-up, secondary prevention, cardiovascular mortality, cancer incidence, men
- MeSH terms
- Anticholesteremic Agents, Coronary Disease, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Hypercholesterolemia, Male, Middle Aged, Myocardial Infarction, Pravastatin, Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors, Kaplan-Meier Estimate
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
