Cited by 890Balance, Gait, and Falls PreventionStroke Rehabilitation and RecoveryDiversity and Impact of Dance

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Tai Chi and Postural Stability in Patients with Parkinson's Disease

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Li, Fuzhong, Harmer, Peter, Fitzgerald, Kathleen, Eckstrom, Elizabeth, Stock, Ronald, Galver, Johnny, Maddalozzo, Gianni, Batya, Sara S.·2012·New England Journal of Medicine

DOI 10.1056/nejmoa1107911PMC PMC3285459

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Abstract

BACKGROUND: Patients with Parkinson's disease have substantially impaired balance, leading to diminished functional ability and an increased risk of falling. Although exercise is routinely encouraged by health care providers, few programs have been proven effective. METHODS: We conducted a randomized, controlled trial to determine whether a tailored tai chi program could improve postural control in patients with idiopathic Parkinson's disease. We randomly assigned 195 patients with stage 1 to 4 disease on the Hoehn and Yahr staging scale (which ranges from 1 to 5, with higher stages indicating more severe disease) to one of three groups: tai chi, resistance training, or stretching. The patients participated in 60-minute exercise sessions twice weekly for 24 weeks. The primary outcomes were changes from baseline in the limits-of-stability test (maximum excursion and directional control; range, 0 to 100%). Secondary outcomes included measures of gait and strength, scores on functional-reach and timed up-and-go tests, motor scores on the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale, and number of falls. RESULTS: The tai chi group performed consistently better than the resistance-training and stretching groups in maximum excursion (between-group difference in the change from baseline, 5.55 percentage points; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.12 to 9.97; and 11.98 percentage points; 95% CI, 7.21 to 16.74, respectively) and in directional control (10.45 percentage points; 95% CI, 3.89 to 17.00; and 11.38 percentage points; 95% CI, 5.50 to 17.27, respectively). The tai chi group also performed better than the stretching group in all secondary outcomes and outperformed the resistance-training group in stride length and functional reach. Tai chi lowered the incidence of falls as compared with stretching but not as compared with resistance training. The effects of tai chi training were maintained at 3 months after the intervention. No serious adverse events were observed. CONCLUSIONS: Tai chi training appears to reduce balance impairments in patients with mild-to-moderate Parkinson's disease, with additional benefits of improved functional capacity and reduced falls. (Funded by the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00611481.).

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Self-citation
Two-Year Exercise Program Improves Physical Function in Parkinson’s Disease
Prodoehl, J., Rafferty, M. R., David, F. J., Poon, C., Vaillancourt, D. E., Comella, C. L., Leurgans, S. E., Kohrt, W. M., Corcos, D. M., & Robichaud, J. A. (2014) · Neurorehabilitation and neural repair · doi:10.1177/1545968314539732 · Cited by 94

Authors: Li, F., Harmer, P., Fitzgerald, K., Eckstrom, E., Stock, R., Galver, J., Maddalozzo, G., & Batya, S. S.
Affiliations: Oregon Research Institute (US)
Willamette University (US)
Oregon Health & Science University (US)
Oregon State University (US)
ORCID: Li, Fuzhong
Harmer, Peter
Eckstrom, Elizabeth
Maddalozzo, Gianni
Venue: New England Journal of Medicine
Publisher: Massachusetts Medical Society
Published: 2012-02-09
Volume: 366
Issue: 6
Pages: 511-519
ISSN: 0028-4793 (ISSN-L)
1533-4406
DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa1107911
PMC: PMC3285459
OpenAlex: W2150072209
Cited by: 890
References: 39
Citations by year: 2026: 42 · 2025: 54 · 2024: 47 · 2023: 53 · 2022: 63 · 2021: 69 · 2020: 52 · 2019: 67 · 2018: 50 · 2017: 58 · 2016: 62 · 2015: 75 · 2014: 79 · 2013: 81 · 2012: 37
FWCI: 216.62
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Locations: New England Journal of Medicine (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders: National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NS047130, R01NS047130)
Topics: Health Sciences › Health Professions › Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation › Balance, Gait, and Falls Prevention
Health Sciences › Medicine › Rehabilitation › Stroke Rehabilitation and Recovery
Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Visual Arts and Performing Arts › Diversity and Impact of Dance
Keywords: Tai Chi, Parkinson's disease, postural stability, balance disorders, falls, exercise intervention, resistance training, stretching, limits of stability test, gait, functional reach test, fall prevention
MeSH terms: Aged, Postural Balance, Female, Gait, Humans, Male, Parkinson Disease, Outcome Assessment, Health Care, Tai Ji, Muscle Stretching Exercises, Resistance Training

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Tai Chi and Postural Stability in Patients with Parkinson's Disease

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