Variant ASGR1 Associated with a Reduced Risk of Coronary Artery Disease
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: Several sequence variants are known to have effects on serum levels of non-high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol that alter the risk of coronary artery disease. METHODS: We sequenced the genomes of 2636 Icelanders and found variants that we then imputed into the genomes of approximately 398,000 Icelanders. We tested for association between these imputed variants and non-HDL cholesterol levels in 119,146 samples. We then performed replication testing in two populations of European descent. We assessed the effects of an implicated loss-of-function variant on the risk of coronary artery disease in 42,524 case patients and 249,414 controls from five European ancestry populations. An augmented set of genomes was screened for additional loss-of-function variants in a target gene. We evaluated the effect of an implicated variant on protein stability. RESULTS: We found a rare noncoding 12-base-pair (bp) deletion (del12) in intron 4 of ASGR1, which encodes a subunit of the asialoglycoprotein receptor, a lectin that plays a role in the homeostasis of circulating glycoproteins. The del12 mutation activates a cryptic splice site, leading to a frameshift mutation and a premature stop codon that renders a truncated protein prone to degradation. Heterozygous carriers of the mutation (1 in 120 persons in our study population) had a lower level of non-HDL cholesterol than noncarriers, a difference of 15.3 mg per deciliter (0.40 mmol per liter) (P=1.0×10(-16)), and a lower risk of coronary artery disease (by 34%; 95% confidence interval, 21 to 45; P=4.0×10(-6)). In a larger set of sequenced samples from Icelanders, we found another loss-of-function ASGR1 variant (p.W158X, carried by 1 in 1850 persons) that was also associated with lower levels of non-HDL cholesterol (P=1.8×10(-3)). CONCLUSIONS: ASGR1 haploinsufficiency was associated with reduced levels of non-HDL cholesterol and a reduced risk of coronary artery disease. (Funded by the National Institutes of Health and others.).
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Founder populations such as those from Finland and Iceland have provided multiple examples of otherwise rare risk alleles driven to higher frequency locally through drift and/or selection.
“Founder populations (such as those from Finland and Iceland) have provided multiple examples of otherwise rare risk alleles driven to higher frequency locally through drift and/or selection49–52.”
From A brief history of human disease genetics (2020) · cites this paper as [51]
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- Authors
- Nioi, P., Sigurdsson, A., Thorleifsson, G., Helgason, H., Agustsdottir, A. B., Norddahl, G. L., Helgadottir, A., Magnusdottir, A., Jonasdottir, A., Gretarsdottir, S., Jonsdottir, I., Steinthorsdottir, V., Rafnar, T., Swinkels, D. W., Galesloot, T. E., Grarup, N., Jørgensen, T., Vestergaard, H., Hansen, T., Lauritzen, T., Linneberg, A., Friedrich, N., Krarup, N. T., Fenger, M., Abildgaard, U., Hansen, P. R., Galløe, A. M., Braund, P. S., Nelson, C. P., Hall, A. S., Williams, M. J. A., van Rij, A. M., Jones, G. T., Patel, R. S., Levey, A. I., Hayek, S., Shah, S. H., Reilly, M., Eyjolfsson, G. I., Sigurdardottir, O., Olafsson, I., Kiemeney, L. A., Quyyumi, A. A., Rader, D. J., Kraus, W. E., Samani, N. J., Pedersen, O., Thorgeirsson, G., Masson, G., Holm, H., Gudbjartsson, D., Sulem, P., Thorsteinsdottir, U., & Stefansson, K.
- Affiliations
- University of Iceland (IS)
- Radboud University Nijmegen (NL)
- University of Copenhagen (DK)
- University of Leicester (GB)
- University of Leeds (GB)
- Emory University (US)
- ORCID
- Nioi, Paul
- Norddahl, Gudmundur L.
- Swinkels, Dorine W.
- Galesloot, Tessel E.
- Grarup, Niels
- Jørgensen, Torben
- Vestergaard, Henrik
- Hansen, Torben
- Lauritzen, Torsten
- Linneberg, Allan
- Krarup, Nikolaj T.
- Fenger, Mogens
- Hansen, Peter R.
- Braund, Peter S.
- Nelson, Christopher P.
- Hall, Alistair S.
- Williams, Michael J.A.
- Jones, Gregory T.
- Patel, Riyaz S.
- Levey, Allan I.
- Hayek, Salim
- Shah, Svati H.
- Reilly, Muredach
- Kiemeney, Lambertus A.
- Quyyumi, Arshed A.
- Rader, Daniel J.
- Kraus, William E.
- Samani, Nilesh J.
- Pedersen, Oluf
- Gudbjartsson, Daniel
- Sulem, Patrick
- Venue
- New England Journal of Medicine
- Publisher
- Massachusetts Medical Society
- Published
- 2016-06-02
- Volume
- 374
- Issue
- 22
- Pages
- 2131-2141
- ISSN
- 0028-4793 (ISSN-L)
- 1533-4406
- OpenAlex
- W2404380044
- Cited by
- 189
- References
- 38
- Citations by year
- 2026: 22 · 2025: 15 · 2024: 30 · 2023: 18 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 19 · 2020: 15 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 27 · 2016: 7
- FWCI
- 15.33
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- New England Journal of Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
- Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Leicester Research Archive (University of Leicester) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Research at the University of Copenhagen (University of Copenhagen) (submittedVersion)
- Scopus (Elsevier) (submittedVersion)
- VBN Forskningsportal (Aalborg Universitet) (submittedVersion)
- Radboud Repository (Radboud University) (submittedVersion)
- University of Southern Denmark Research Portal (University of Southern Denmark) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Hirsla (Landspítali University Hospital) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Emory University (RR025008, P30NS055077)
- National Institute for Health and Care Research (CL-2011-11-003, NF-SI-0611-10170)
- British Heart Foundation (FS/14/76/30933)
- Novo Nordisk
- Novo Nordisk Fonden
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research
- National Institutes of Health (RR025008)
- Medical Research Council (MR/L01629X/1)
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (R01HL089650)
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (P30NS055077)
- National Center for Research Resources (UL1RR025008)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetic Associations and Epidemiology
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Lipoproteins and Cardiovascular Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Cholesterol and Lipid Metabolism
- Keywords
- ASGR1, asialoglycoprotein receptor, non-HDL cholesterol, coronary artery disease, haploinsufficiency, loss-of-function mutations, cryptic splice site, frameshift mutation, protein stability, genetic association, serum cholesterol
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Base Sequence, Cholesterol, Coronary Artery Disease, Female, Humans, Iceland, Male, Middle Aged, Molecular Sequence Data, Myocardial Infarction, Risk, Sequence Analysis, DNA, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Asialoglycoprotein Receptor, White People, Kaplan-Meier Estimate, Haploinsufficiency
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