The DOI matches its Crossref record; 18 of the 18 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; 4 of the 10 sources its claims cite were checked for support.
Idecabtagene Vicleucel in Relapsed and Refractory Multiple Myeloma.
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: Idecabtagene vicleucel (ide-cel, also called bb2121), a B-cell maturation antigen-directed chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy, has shown clinical activity with expected CAR T-cell toxic effects in patients with relapsed and refractory multiple myeloma. METHODS: CAR-positive (CAR+) T cells. The primary end point was an overall response (partial response or better); a key secondary end point was a complete response or better (comprising complete and stringent complete responses). RESULTS: nucleated cells) was confirmed in 33 patients, representing 26% of all 128 patients who were treated and 79% of the 42 patients who had a complete response or better. The median progression-free survival was 8.8 months (95% confidence interval, 5.6 to 11.6). Common toxic effects among the 128 treated patients included neutropenia in 117 patients (91%), anemia in 89 (70%), and thrombocytopenia in 81 (63%). Cytokine release syndrome was reported in 107 patients (84%), including 7 (5%) who had events of grade 3 or higher. Neurotoxic effects developed in 23 patients (18%) and were of grade 3 in 4 patients (3%); no neurotoxic effects higher than grade 3 occurred. Cellular kinetic analysis confirmed CAR+ T cells in 29 of 49 patients (59%) at 6 months and 4 of 11 patients (36%) at 12 months after infusion. CONCLUSIONS: Ide-cel induced responses in a majority of heavily pretreated patients with refractory and relapsed myeloma; MRD-negative status was achieved in 26% of treated patients. Almost all patients had grade 3 or 4 toxic effects, most commonly hematologic toxic effects and cytokine release syndrome. (Funded by bluebird bio and Celgene, a Bristol-Myers Squibb company; KarMMa ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT03361748.).
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Claims the paper makes
4 of 10 cited sources checked · 2 supported · 0 flagged · accuracy not yet measured
Every source the paper cites for this claim was checked and supports it.
In the paper
“The B-cell maturation antigen (BCMA)-directed CAR T cell idecabtagene vicleucel (ide-cel, also called bb2121) showed promising efficacy in a phase 1 study involving patients with relapsed or refractory myeloma.11”
§ Idecabtagene Vicleucel in Relapsed and Refractory Multiple Myeloma > D
What the sources say
- Supportedcites [11] 11. Raje N, Berdeja J, Lin Y, et al. Anti- BCMA CAR T-cell therapy bb2121 in re- lapsed or refractory multiple myeloma. N Engl J Med 2019; 380: 1726-37. source
The Methods identify bb2121 as an anti-BCMA CAR T-cell therapy studied in a phase 1 trial involving patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma. The Discussion reports an 85% clinical response rate, supporting the characterization of its efficacy as promising. (LLM, conf=0.94)
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passes- Supported
The sources with a verdict support this claim; the rest weren’t checked yet, have no full text we could read, or their verdicts aren’t rated yet.
In the paper
“These efficacy results compare favorably with results in similarly heavily pretreated patients with relapsed or refractory myeloma treated with two recently approved regimens, selinexor plus dexamethasone and belantamab mafodotin (median progression-free survival, 3.7 months and 2.9 months, respectively).5,17”
§ Idecabtagene Vicleucel in Relapsed and Refractory Multiple Myeloma > Discussion
What the sources say
- Supportedcites [5] 5. Chari A, Vogl DT, Gavriatopoulou M, et al. Oral selinexor-dexamethasone for triple-class refractory multiple myeloma. N Engl J Med 2019; 381: 727-38. source
The Methods and Discussion describe patients with triple-class refractory myeloma who were heavily pretreated, with a median of seven previous regimens. The Efficacy section reports median progression-free survival of 3.7 months with selinexor plus dexamethasone. This citation supports the selinexor result; the separate belantamab result is not attributed to this paper. (LLM, conf=0.92)
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [17] 17. Lonial S, Lee HC, Badros A, et al. Belan- tamab mafodotin for relapsed or refracto- ry multiple myeloma (DREAMM-2): a two- arm, randomised, open-label, phase 2 study. Lancet Oncol 2020; 21: 207-21. source
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passes- Rests on an assumption: Cross-trial comparisons of progression-free survival between the KarMMa study and trials of selinexor plus dexamethasone or belantamab mafodotin are valid.
- Supported
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“Observed toxic effects were consistent with those in previous reports.11”
§ Idecabtagene Vicleucel in Relapsed and Refractory Multiple Myeloma > Discussion
What the sources say
- Partly supportedcites [11] 11. Raje N, Berdeja J, Lin Y, et al. Anti- BCMA CAR T-cell therapy bb2121 in re- lapsed or refractory multiple myeloma. N Engl J Med 2019; 380: 1726-37. sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Results (Safety; page unavailable) document the observed toxic effects. The Discussion compares them with previous studies, but reports a lower incidence of severe cytokine release syndrome with bb2121 and cautions that cross-study comparisons are complicated. It does not establish that the toxic effects were generally consistent with previous reports. (LLM, conf=0.82)
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passes- Partly supported
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Duration of undetectable sBCMA correlated with response duration, and clearance of sBCMA at month 2 was associated with longer progression-free survival (Fig. S5E and S5F).”
§ Idecabtagene Vicleucel in Relapsed and Refractory Multiple Myeloma > Figure 2 (facing page). Progression-free Survival, Duration of Response, and Overall Survival.
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passes- Rests on an assumption: Soluble BCMA is a serum-based universal marker of myeloma burden.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“with peak levels higher in patients having cytokine release syndrome of grade 3 or higher (Fig. S6).”
§ Idecabtagene Vicleucel in Relapsed and Refractory Multiple Myeloma > Biomarkers
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesA result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“a somewhat higher frequency and somewhat greater depth of response were observed at the 450 × 10 6 dose (response in 81% of the pa-tients and complete response or better in 39%).”
§ Idecabtagene Vicleucel in Relapsed and Refractory Multiple Myeloma > Discussion
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesA result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“At baseline, 110 of 112 tumor samples (98%) expressed BCMA, with 109 having at least 50% BCMA-positive plasma cells, and all the patients had detectable levels of sBCMA.”
§ Idecabtagene Vicleucel in Relapsed and Refractory Multiple Myeloma > Figure 2 (facing page). Progression-free Survival, Duration of Response, and Overall Survival.
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedn = 112Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesA result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“A response was observed in 73% of the treated patients, and a complete response or better was observed in 33%;”
§ Idecabtagene Vicleucel in Relapsed and Refractory Multiple Myeloma > Discussion
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesA result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Baseline cytokine levels were not associated with higher-grade cytokine release syndrome or neurotoxic effects.”
§ Idecabtagene Vicleucel in Relapsed and Refractory Multiple Myeloma > Biomarkers
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesA result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“with an incidence of response to bridging therapy of 4%”
§ Idecabtagene Vicleucel in Relapsed and Refractory Multiple Myeloma > Discussion
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passes
- Probably not a substantial claim. 12
- It may state two separate claims as one. 32
- The quote only partly states this claim. 1
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“In contrast, CD19 epitope loss is reported to be a relatively common escape mechanism after treatment with CD19-directed CAR T-cell therapy, especially in patients with acute leukemia.18,19”
§ Idecabtagene Vicleucel in Relapsed and Refractory Multiple Myeloma > Discussion
What the sources say
- Partly supportedcites [18] 18. Cheng J, Zhao L, Zhang Y, et al. Un- derstanding the mechanisms of resis- tance to CAR T-cell therapy in malignan- cies. Front Oncol 2019; 9: 1237. sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Tumor Factors section reports that loss of the targeted CD19 epitope enabled escape after anti-CD19 CAR T-cell therapy in relapsed B-ALL. It also reports that target-antigen-negative relapse accounts for approximately 9–25% of B-ALL relapses, but does not establish that epitope loss specifically is relatively common or more common in acute leukemia than in other malignancies. (LLM, conf=0.82)
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [19] 19. Badar T, Shah NN. Chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapy for acute lympho- blastic leukemia. Curr Treat Options On- col 2020; 21: 16. source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Partly supported
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Among patients with persistent grade 3 or 4 neutropenia (52 patients) or thrombocytopenia (62 patients) 1 month after infusion, the median time to recovery to grade 2 or lower was 1.9 months (range, 1.2 to 5.6) and 2.1 months (range, 1.2 to 13.8), respectively”
§ Idecabtagene Vicleucel in Relapsed and Refractory Multiple Myeloma > Safety
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedn = 52Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The Kaplan-Meier estimated median progression-free survival was 8.8 months overall (95% CI, 5.6 to 11.6), 12.1 months (95% CI, 8.8 to 12.3) at the 450 × 10 6 dose, and 20.2 months (95% CI, 12.3 to could not be estimated) in patients having a complete or stringent complete response”
§ Idecabtagene Vicleucel in Relapsed and Refractory Multiple Myeloma > Efficacy
Load-bearingStrength:hedged· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The 128 treated patients had received a median of 6 previous antimyeloma regimens (range, 3 to 16), and 120 (94%) had received previous autologous hematopoietic stem-cell transplants (Table 1).”
§ Idecabtagene Vicleucel in Relapsed and Refractory Multiple Myeloma > Patients
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedn = 128Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Although high interpatient variability was observed at all doses, upper quartiles of exposure (area under the curve of the transgene level from time of dose to 28 days [AUC 0-28 days ]) were observed more frequently at the 450 × 10 6 dose (Fig. 3B).”
§ Idecabtagene Vicleucel in Relapsed and Refractory Multiple Myeloma > Cellular Pharmacokinetic Profile and Immunogenicity
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Among treated patients, 5 were positive for antidrug antibodies before infusion.”
§ Idecabtagene Vicleucel in Relapsed and Refractory Multiple Myeloma > Cellular Pharmacokinetic Profile and Immunogenicity
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Baseline sBCMA levels were elevated in treated patients and de-creased rapidly after infusion in patients who had a response, with nadir values achieved within 3 months (Fig. 3A and Fig. S5B and S5C).”
§ Idecabtagene Vicleucel in Relapsed and Refractory Multiple Myeloma > Biomarkers
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: Soluble BCMA is a serum-based universal marker of myeloma burden.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Neurotoxic effects developed in 23 patients (18%) and were of grade 3 in 4 patients (3%); no neurotoxic effects higher than grade 3 occurred.”
- Also stated in: § Table 1. (Continued.) · plain
“Investigator-identified neurotoxic effects were reported in 23 patients (18%), of whom 4 (3%) had grade 3 events; no grade 4 or 5 neu-rotoxic effects were observed”
§ Idecabtagene Vicleucel in Relapsed and Refractory Multiple Myeloma > Abstract
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedn = 128Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Also stated in: § Table 1. (Continued.) · plain
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The median time to first response was 1.0 month (range, 0.5 to 8.8); the median time to a complete response or better was 2.8 months (range, 1.0 to 11.8).”
§ Idecabtagene Vicleucel in Relapsed and Refractory Multiple Myeloma > Efficacy
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“At doses of 150 × 10 6 , 300 × 10 6 , and 450 × 10 6 CAR+ T cells, neurotoxic effects of any grade were reported in 0 of 4 patients, 12 of 70 patients (17%), and 11 of 54 patients (20%), respectively, with grade 3 events in 0 patients, 1 patient (1%), and 3 patients (6%).”
§ Idecabtagene Vicleucel in Relapsed and Refractory Multiple Myeloma > Table 1. (Continued.)
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedn = 54Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Antidrug antibodies had no effect on the incidence of response or of complete response or better and had no noticeable effect on progression-free survival.”
§ Idecabtagene Vicleucel in Relapsed and Refractory Multiple Myeloma > Cellular Pharmacokinetic Profile and Immunogenicity
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: The absence of a detectable effect of antidrug antibodies on efficacy is not due to insufficient statistical power.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The Kaplan-Meier estimated median overall survival was 19.4 months (95% CI, 18.2 to could not be estimated), with an overall survival of 78% at 12 months (Fig. 2D).”
§ Idecabtagene Vicleucel in Relapsed and Refractory Multiple Myeloma > Efficacy
Load-bearingStrength:hedged· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Exposures were higher in patients who had a response than in those who did not (Fig. S5A), and higher exposure was associated with deeper response and longer progression-free survival (Fig. 3C and 3D).”
§ Idecabtagene Vicleucel in Relapsed and Refractory Multiple Myeloma > Cellular Pharmacokinetic Profile and Immunogenicity
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Achievement of undetectable sBCMA levels increased with depth of response (17 of 27 pa-”
§ Idecabtagene Vicleucel in Relapsed and Refractory Multiple Myeloma > Biomarkers
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesThe quote only partly states this claim.
- Rests on an assumption: Soluble BCMA is a serum-based universal marker of myeloma burden.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“At doses of 150 × 10 6 , 300 × 10 6 , and 450 × 10 6 CAR+ T cells, cytokine release syndrome of any grade was observed in 2 of 4 patients (50%), 53 of 70 patients (76%), and 52 of 54 patients (96%), respectively, with cytokine release syndrome of grade 3 or higher observed in 0 patients, 4 patients (6%), and 3 patients (6%).”
§ Idecabtagene Vicleucel in Relapsed and Refractory Multiple Myeloma > Table 1. (Continued.)
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The Kaplan-Meier estimate for median duration of response was 10.7 months (95% CI, 9.0 to 11.3) overall and 11.3 months (95% CI, 10.3 to 11.4) at the 450 × 10 6 dose”
§ Idecabtagene Vicleucel in Relapsed and Refractory Multiple Myeloma > Efficacy
Load-bearingStrength:hedged· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Cytokine release syndrome was reported in 107 patients (84%), including 7 (5%) who had events of grade 3 or higher.”
- Also stated in: § Table 1. (Continued.) · plain
“Cytokine release syndrome occurred in 107 patients (84%) and was mostly of grade 1 or 2 (Table 2 and Table S10).Five patients (4%) had grade 3 cytokine release syndrome, 1 (<1%) had grade 4, and 1 (<1%) had grade 5 (300 × 10 6 dose level).”
§ Idecabtagene Vicleucel in Relapsed and Refractory Multiple Myeloma > Abstract
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedn = 128Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Also stated in: § Table 1. (Continued.) · plain
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Infections occurred in 88 patients (69%) and were of grade 3 or 4 in 28 (22%).”
§ Idecabtagene Vicleucel in Relapsed and Refractory Multiple Myeloma > Safety
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedn = 88Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“including many with a high tumor burden, high-risk cytogenetic abnormalities, and extramedullary disease.”
§ Idecabtagene Vicleucel in Relapsed and Refractory Multiple Myeloma > Discussion
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Common toxic effects among the 128 treated patients included neutropenia in 117 patients (91%), anemia in 89 (70%), and thrombocytopenia in 81 (63%).”
§ Idecabtagene Vicleucel in Relapsed and Refractory Multiple Myeloma > Abstract
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedn = 128Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“After disease progression, 28 patients were retreated with ide-cel (Table S4).Six patients (21%) had a second response, with durations of response ranging from 1.9 to 6.8 months; all the patients who had a response were retreated at a dose higher than their initial dose.”
§ Idecabtagene Vicleucel in Relapsed and Refractory Multiple Myeloma > Efficacy
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Most grade 3 or 4 events were hematologic toxic effects, including neutropenia in 114 patients (89%), anemia in 77 (60%), and thrombocytopenia in 67 (52%), and were at least partially related to the lymphodepleting chemotherapy administered before ide-cel infusion.”
§ Idecabtagene Vicleucel in Relapsed and Refractory Multiple Myeloma > Safety
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedn = 114Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“A total of 44 treated patients (34%) died during the study, with most deaths (27) attributed by the investigator to complications of myeloma progression (Table S12).”
§ Idecabtagene Vicleucel in Relapsed and Refractory Multiple Myeloma > Table 1. (Continued.)
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedn = 44Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Levels of proinflammatory markers, including cytokines, ferritin, and C-reactive protein, increased early after ide-cel infusion and decreased by month 1”
§ Idecabtagene Vicleucel in Relapsed and Refractory Multiple Myeloma > Biomarkers
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The response duration increased with the depth of response; the median response duration was 4.5 months (95% CI, 2.9 to 6.7), 10.4 months (95% CI, 5.1 to 11.3), and 19.0 months (95% CI, 11.3 to could not be estimated) in patients having a best response of partial response (27 patients), very good partial response (25 patients), and complete or stringent complete response (42 patients),”
§ Idecabtagene Vicleucel in Relapsed and Refractory Multiple Myeloma > Efficacy
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“At the target doses of 150 × 10 6 , 300 × 10 6 , and 450 × 10 6 CAR+ T cells, a response was observed in 2 of 4 patients (50%), in 48 of 70 patients (69%), and in 44 of 54 patients (81%), respectively, and a complete response or better was observed in 1 of 4 patients (25%), in 20 of 70 patients (29%), and in 21 of 54 patients (39%).”
§ Idecabtagene Vicleucel in Relapsed and Refractory Multiple Myeloma > Efficacy
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Five patients (4%) died after 6 months from unrelated adverse events, and an additional 8 patients (6%) died after disease progression.”
§ Idecabtagene Vicleucel in Relapsed and Refractory Multiple Myeloma > Table 1. (Continued.)
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedn = 5Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Minimal residual disease (MRD)-negative status (<10 -5 nucleated cells) was confirmed in 33 patients, representing 26% of all 128 patients who were treated and 79% of the 42 patients who had a complete response or better.”
- Also stated in: § Efficacy · plain
“Of the 42 patients with a complete or stringent complete response, 33 (79%) also had MRDnegative status at a sensitivity level of 10 -5 , corresponding to 26% (95% CI, 19 to 34) of the treated population; the remaining 9 patients (21%) could not be evaluated for MRD”
§ Idecabtagene Vicleucel in Relapsed and Refractory Multiple Myeloma > Abstract
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedn = 33Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Also stated in: § Efficacy · plain
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“High-grade hematologic toxic effects were common but transient.”
§ Idecabtagene Vicleucel in Relapsed and Refractory Multiple Myeloma > Discussion
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The fact that MRDnegative responses occurred in approximately a quarter of the patients highlights the depth of response induced by ide-cel.”
§ Idecabtagene Vicleucel in Relapsed and Refractory Multiple Myeloma > Discussion
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: MRD negativity at a sensitivity of 10^-5 is a valid measure of depth of response and clinical benefit.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The study protocol was approved by local or independent institutional review boards or ethics committees at participating sites.All the patients provided written informed consent.”
§ Idecabtagene Vicleucel in Relapsed and Refractory Multiple Myeloma > Study Oversight
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Nearly all tumors expressed BCMA, a finding that supports the use of ide-cel in relapsed and refractory myeloma without restriction based on tumor BCMA expression.”
§ Idecabtagene Vicleucel in Relapsed and Refractory Multiple Myeloma > Discussion
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: BCMA expression is required for ide-cel efficacy, so lack of tumor BCMA expression would limit its use.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The primary efficacy analysis was performed in the population of patients treated with ide-cel (128 patients).”
§ Idecabtagene Vicleucel in Relapsed and Refractory Multiple Myeloma > Statistical Analysis
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Between December 13, 2017, and November 13, 2018, a total of 140 patients were enrolled and underwent leukapheresis, of whom 128 received ide-cel infusions.Twelve patients discontinued the study before ide-cel infusion (including 1 patient who discontinued after unsuccessful manufacture of the CAR T-cell product)”
§ Idecabtagene Vicleucel in Relapsed and Refractory Multiple Myeloma > Patients
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedn = 140Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The study was designed by the authors in conjunction with the sponsors and conducted in accordance with the International Council for Harmonisation guidelines for Good Clinical Practice and the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki.”
§ Idecabtagene Vicleucel in Relapsed and Refractory Multiple Myeloma > Study Oversight
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The sample size for the primary end point (overall response) was based on a onesample binomial test with normal approximation, under the assumption of 15% dropout between the time of enrollment and ide-cel treatment.”
§ Idecabtagene Vicleucel in Relapsed and Refractory Multiple Myeloma > Statistical Analysis
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Statistical tests were not performed on subgroup analyses.”
§ Idecabtagene Vicleucel in Relapsed and Refractory Multiple Myeloma > Statistical Analysis
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The primary end point was an overall response (partial response or better), defined according to IMWG Uniform Response Criteria for Multiple Myeloma 12 as assessed by an independent review committee.”
§ Idecabtagene Vicleucel in Relapsed and Refractory Multiple Myeloma > End Points and Assessments
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“MRD negativity was evaluated in bone marrow aspirates by next-generation sequencing (clonoSEQ, Adaptive Biotechnologies) with a minimum cutoff of 10 -5 nucleated cells.”
§ Idecabtagene Vicleucel in Relapsed and Refractory Multiple Myeloma > End Points and Assessments
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The actual doses delivered were within 20% of the target doses.”
§ Idecabtagene Vicleucel in Relapsed and Refractory Multiple Myeloma > Study Design and Patients
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Adverse events were graded according to National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (NCI CTCAE), version 4.03.Cytokine release syndrome was graded according to published criteria (Table S2).14”
§ Idecabtagene Vicleucel in Relapsed and Refractory Multiple Myeloma > End Points and Assessments
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper relies on this without support.
Soluble BCMA is a serum-based universal marker of myeloma burden.
“Soluble BCMA was assessed as a serum-based universal marker of myeloma burden.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Cross-trial comparisons of progression-free survival between the KarMMa study and trials of selinexor plus dexamethasone or belantamab mafodotin are valid.
“These efficacy results compare favorably with results in similarly heavily pretreated patients with relapsed or refractory myeloma treated with two recently approved regimens, selinexor plus dexamethasone and belantamab mafodotin (median progression-free survival, 3.7 months and 2.9 months, respectively).5,17”
The paper relies on this without support.
MRD negativity at a sensitivity of 10^-5 is a valid measure of depth of response and clinical benefit.
“The fact that MRDnegative responses occurred in approximately a quarter of the patients highlights the depth of response induced by ide-cel.”
The paper relies on this without support.
BCMA expression is required for ide-cel efficacy, so lack of tumor BCMA expression would limit its use.
“Nearly all tumors expressed BCMA, a finding that supports the use of ide-cel in relapsed and refractory myeloma without restriction based on tumor BCMA expression.”
The paper relies on this without support.
The absence of a detectable effect of antidrug antibodies on efficacy is not due to insufficient statistical power.
“Antidrug antibodies had no effect on the incidence of response or of complete response or better and had no noticeable effect on progression-free survival.”
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Idecabtagene vicleucel (ide-cel) and ciltacabtagene autoleucel (cilta-cel) are newly approved CAR-T products targeting BCMA that are active in relapsed refractory myeloma.89,90”
From Multiple myeloma: 2024 update on diagnosis, risk-stratification, and management (2024) · cites this paper as [89]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Safety of ide-cel remained consistent with the IA, with no parkinsonism, Guillain-Barré syndrome, or SPMs of T-cell origin reported. 13”
From Ide-cel vs standard regimens in triple-class-exposed relapsed and refractory multiple myeloma: updated KarMMa-3 analyses. (2024) · cites this paper as [18]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Common side effects such as CRS and immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome (ICANS) were mostly low grade, indicating manageable toxicity.”
From Multiple myeloma: signaling pathways and targeted therapy (2024) · cites this paper as [243]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“The median duration of response (mDOR) was 11 months in patients achieving CR and 19 months in those achieving stringent complete response (sCR).”
From Multiple myeloma: signaling pathways and targeted therapy (2024) · cites this paper as [243]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“A number of BCMA-directed therapies, including belantamab mafodotin, idecabtagene vicleucel (ide-cel), ciltacabtagene autoleucel (cilta-cel) and teclistamab, have shown efficacy in clinical trials and are approved for the treatment of relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma4–9.”
From Elranatamab in relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma: phase 2 MagnetisMM-3 trial results (2023) · cites this paper as [5]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Median DOR and PFS were 10.7 months and 8.8 months, respectively, for ide-cel, and were both not reached for cilta-cel5,6.”
From Elranatamab in relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma: phase 2 MagnetisMM-3 trial results (2023) · cites this paper as [5]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Although follow-up is still ongoing, among patients with ≥CR, DOR and PFS at 15 months with elranatamab were comparable to those observed with other BCMA-targeted T-cell-redirecting therapies, suggesting similar outcomes once a deep response is achieved5,24,25.”
From Elranatamab in relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma: phase 2 MagnetisMM-3 trial results (2023) · cites this paper as [5]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“High response rates have been reported with the BCMA chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapies, ide-cel and cilta-cel, with responses reported in 73% and 97% of treated patients, respectively.”
From Elranatamab in relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma: phase 2 MagnetisMM-3 trial results (2023) · cites this paper as [5]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“In comparison to other BCMA-targeted T-cell-redirecting therapies, the rate of hematologic AEs with elranatamab was similar or lower after a similar follow-up4–6.”
From Elranatamab in relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma: phase 2 MagnetisMM-3 trial results (2023) · cites this paper as [5]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“CAR-T therapy requires that patients have access to specialized care centers and can wait the minimum 4-week period for production, which can result in attrition rates of approximately 10 to 15%,6-8”
From Teclistamab in Relapsed or Refractory Multiple Myeloma (2022) · cites this paper as [6]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Among 128 patients with relapsed refractory myeloma treated on a phase II trial, ide-cel was associated with a response rate of 73%.89 Thirty three percent of patients had a complete response or better. The median PFS was 8.8 months.”
From Multiple myeloma: 2024 update on diagnosis, risk-stratification, and management (2024) · cites this paper as [89]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Cytokine release syndrome was seen in 84%, and 5% were grade 3 or higher. Neurotoxicity was seen in 18%, and was grade 3 in 3%.”
From Multiple myeloma: 2024 update on diagnosis, risk-stratification, and management (2024) · cites this paper as [89]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy has shown promising ef fi cacy in patients with TCE R/RMM. 13-21”
From Ide-cel vs standard regimens in triple-class-exposed relapsed and refractory multiple myeloma: updated KarMMa-3 analyses. (2024) · cites this paper as [18]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“In the KarMMa study involving 128 patients with RRMM, the overall response rate (ORR) to a single infusion of Abecma was 73%, with a complete response (CR) rate of 33%.”
From Multiple myeloma: signaling pathways and targeted therapy (2024) · cites this paper as [243]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Abecma has demonstrated the ability to induce rapid, deep, and long-lasting remissions with just one infusion, providing a new and effective personalized therapy option for MM patients [227, 243, 258, 259].”
From Multiple myeloma: signaling pathways and targeted therapy (2024) · cites this paper as [243]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“In contrast, higher-grade cytokine release syndrome and neurotoxic events have been described after CAR-T administration in patients with multiple myeloma.6,8”
From Teclistamab in Relapsed or Refractory Multiple Myeloma (2022) · cites this paper as [6]
The check wasn’t confident either way, so it gives no verdict — never disputed.
In the citing paper
“Similarly, patients with advanced disease stage (R-ISS stage III) have consistently shown poorer outcomes irrespective of the therapy received4–6,19–22.”
From Elranatamab in relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma: phase 2 MagnetisMM-3 trial results (2023) · cites this paper as [5]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredIn the citing paper
“Recently approved therapies such as selinexor, 9 belantamab mafodotin, 10 idecabtagene vicleucel, 11 and ciltacabtagene autoleucel 12 have had clinical benefit in patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma.”
From Talquetamab, a T-Cell–Redirecting GPRC5D Bispecific Antibody for Multiple Myeloma (2022) · cites this paper as [11]
Citations
Cites
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Self-citationCurrent concepts in the diagnosis and management of cytokine release syndrome.
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Anti-BCMA CAR T-cell therapy bb2121 in relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma.
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Self-citationOral selinexor-dexamethasone for triple-class refractory multiple myeloma.
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Self-citationOutcomes of patients with multiple myeloma refractory to CD38-targeted monoclonal antibody therapy.
Gandhi, U. H., Cornell, R. F., Lakshman, A., Gahvari, Z. J., McGehee, E., Jagosky, M. H., Gupta, R., Varnado, W., Fiala, M. A., Chhabra, S., et al. (2019) · Leukemia · doi:10.1038/s41375-019-0435-7 · Cited by 616
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Treatment of relapsed and refractory multiple myeloma
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CAR T-cell therapy in hematologic malignancies: a voyage in progress.
Holstein, S. A., & Lunning, M. A. (2020) · Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1002/cpt.1674 · Cited by 172
Understanding the mechanisms of resistance to CAR T-cell therapy in malignancies.
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Items 1,001–1,100 of 2,535
Shahid, Z., Etra, A. M., Levine, J. E., Riches, M., Baluch, A., Hill, J. A., Nakamura, R., Toor, A. A., Üstün, C., Young, J. H., et al. (2024) · Transplantation and Cellular Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.jtct.2024.03.001 · Cited by 12
Perez, A. P., Sagheer, T. A., Nahas, G., & Linhares, Y. P. L. (2024) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2024.1412002 · Cited by 11
“Patients who received cilta-cel outpatient were asked to remain within 1 hour of the study site for 2 weeks after cell infusion (19, 20).”
MethodCAR-T Cells in Acute Myeloid Leukemia: Where Do We Stand?
Damiani, D., & Tiribelli, M. (2024) · Biomedicines · doi:10.3390/biomedicines12061194 · Cited by 12
“The unprecedented success of anti-CD19 CAR-T cell therapy in advanced B cell malignancies, with CR rates around 50% and an overall response rate (ORR) in more than 80%, resulted in the approval by the FDA of six anti-CD19 CAR-T cell products since 2017 [28–35].”
BackgroundT-cell exhaustion in multiple myeloma
Żyłka, K., Kubicki, T., Gil, L., & Dytfeld, D. (2024) · Expert Review of Hematology · doi:10.1080/17474086.2024.2370552 · Cited by 15
Targeting endothelial cell anergy to improve CAR T cell therapy for solid tumors
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Srivastava, S., Tyagi, A., Pawar, V. A., Khan, N. H., Arora, K., Verma, C., & Kumar, V. (2024) · ImmunoTargets and Therapy · doi:10.2147/itt.s474659 · Cited by 12
BCMA-BBZ-OX40 CAR-T Therapy Using an Instant Manufacturing Platform in Multiple Myeloma
Wang, T., Yang, Y., Ma, L., Feng, R., Li, J., Zhang, C., Bai, J., Ding, Y., Liu, G., Wu, F., et al. (2024) · Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer · doi:10.1136/jitc-2024-009476 · Cited by 12
“BCMA- BBZ-OX40 CAR-T cells are a potential treatment option for patients with R/R MM, and the InstanCART provides a treatment opportunity for rapidly progressive patients.”
Chimeric antigen receptor-T-cell therapies going viral: latent and incidental viral infections
Kampouri, E., Reynolds, G. K., Teh, B. W., & Hill, J. A. (2024) · Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1097/qco.0000000000001066 · Cited by 11
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“Of note, there were small increments in MRD negative rates at months 3 and 6 after treatment initiation because in some patients the BM aspirate at month 1 was severely hemodiluted and these patients were considered as MRD positive in the ITT analyses.”
Fleischer, A., Kurth, S., Duell, J., et al. (2024) · Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer · doi:10.1136/jitc-2024-009174 · Cited by 11
“17 27 This difference may be partly attributed to the varying disease burden and the immune environment specific to each malignancy.”
Self-citationAutonomous Nucleic Acid and Protein Nanocomputing Agents Engineered to Operate in Living Cells
Panigaj, M., Roy, T. B., Skelly, E., Chandler, M. R., Wang, J., Ekambaram, S., Bircsak, K. M., Dokholyan, N. V., & Afonin, K. A. (2025) · ACS Nano · doi:10.1021/acsnano.4c13663 · Cited by 13
Díez, B., Calviño, C., Fernández-García, M., Rodriguez-Marquez, P., Rodríguez-Díaz, S., Martínez-Turillas, R., Ceballos, C., Illarramendi, J., Serrano-López, J., Miskey, C., et al. (2025) · Molecular Therapy: Methods & Clinical Development · doi:10.1016/j.omtm.2025.101425 · Cited by 12
Targeting BCMA in multiple myeloma: designs, challenges, and future directions
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“…name: Abecma) (www. abecm ahcp. com) for treating adult patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM) who have undergone at least four prior lines of therapy, including an immunomodulatory drug (IMiD), a proteasome inhibitor (PI), and an anti-CD38 monoclonal antibody (mAb) [27–29].”
Narula, G., Keerthivasagam, S., Jain, H., Punatar, S. B., Chichra, A., Dhamne, C. A., Tembhare, P. R., Subramanian, P. G., Patkar, N. V., Poojary, M., et al. (2025) · Blood Cancer Journal · doi:10.1038/s41408-025-01279-9 · Cited by 11
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“While highly speci fi c and potent for treating rheumatologic diseases and hematological-malignancies (4 – 8), these engineered T cell therapies are susceptible to escape, exhaustion, and have diminished persistence when employed for solid tumor therapy (9 – 14).”
Lin, Y., Luo, S., Wei, J., Lin, S., Wang, D., Zhao, X., Feng, Z., Shen, Y., & Chen, Q. (2025) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms26199669 · Cited by 12
“…transplantation (HSCT), and immunomodulatory drugs only stabilize the disease and relieve symptoms [76,77], BCMA-targeted CAR-T-cell therapy has shown definite efficacy in relapsed/refractory (R/R) MM, leading to the FDA approval of idecabtagene violence and ciltacabtagene for R/R MM [40,76,77].”
Self-citationA new era of novel immunotherapies for multiple myeloma
Kazandjian, D. G., & Landgren, O. (2021) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(21)01602-0 · Cited by 11
Pennipede, D., Mohyuddin, G. R., Hawkins, R., Ganguly, S., Shune, L. O., Ahmed, N., Mohan, M., Cui, W., Mahmoudjafari, Z., McGuirk, J. P., et al. (2021) · European Journal Of Haematology · doi:10.1111/ejh.13697 · Cited by 11
Melflufen for multiple myeloma: a promise unfulfilled?
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“Phase II Study – KarMMa The KarMMa study was conducted in follow-up to CRB-401.(58) It was a Phase 2 trial that enrolled 140 patients with RRMM who had progressed after three prior lines of therapy, including a PI, an IMiD, and an anti-CD38 mAb.”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluentialT-Cell-Based Cellular Immunotherapy of Multiple Myeloma: Current Developments
Simmons, G. L., & Puglianini, O. A. C. (2022) · Cancers · doi:10.3390/cancers14174249 · Cited by 11
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CAR T cell therapy in multiple myeloma, where are we now and where are we heading for?
Fischer, L., Grieb, N., Platzbecker, U., Vučinić, V., & Merz, M. (2023) · European Journal of Haematology · doi:10.1111/ejh.14051 · Cited by 11
“5,10,11 Exhaustion of CAR T cells and non-CAR host immunity, development of anti-drug antibodies, and shedding of BCMA through gamma secretases have been described as possible modes of resistance.”
BackgroundOutcomes of patients with light chain ( AL ) amyloidosis after failure of daratumumab‐based therapy
Theodorakakou, F., Fotiou, D., Spiliopoulou, V., Ρούσσου, Μ., Malandrakis, P., Ntanasis‐Stathopoulos, I., Migkou, M., Eleutherakis‐Papaiakovou, E., Kanellias, N., Papanikolaou, A., et al. (2023) · British Journal of Haematology · doi:10.1111/bjh.19042 · Cited by 12
“On the other hand, studies with venetoclax in patients with translocation t(11;14), included daratumumab-exposed patients, demonstrate haematological response in 81% and CR/VGPR in 78%.”
BackgroundDurand, R., Descamps, G., Bellanger, C., Dousset, C., Maïga, S., Alberge, J.-B., Derrien, J., Cruard, J., Minvielle, S., Lilli, N. L., et al. (2023) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood.2023021581 · Cited by 12
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Engineering de novo binder CAR-T cell therapies with generative AIPreprint
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Engineering scFv immunotherapies: From CAR T cells to bispecific antibodies
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Self-citationIn vivo CAR-cell therapy: current challenges and emerging therapeutic advances
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“Similarly, in BCMA-targeted CAR-T therapy for multiple myeloma, persistent activation within the bone marrow has induced severe ICANS, including seizures and impaired consciousness [131].”
McMillan, A., Basu, S., Karunanithi, K., Parkins, E., Lau, E. Y. M., Cook, G., Parrish, C., Al‐Kaisi, F., Pratt, G., Shafeek, S., et al. (2023) · British Journal of Haematology · doi:10.1111/bjh.18703 · Cited by 10
CAR-modified immune cells as a rapidly evolving approach in the context of cancer immunotherapies
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Outcomes of Penta-Refractory Multiple Myeloma Patients Treated with or without BCMA-Directed Therapy
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“Despite the similarity between triple-class refractory and penta-refractory myeloma, the latter conveys extra concerns about T-cell fitness due to multiple previous LOTs.”
BackgroundInfluentialProlonged haematologic toxicity in CAR‐T ‐cell therapy: A review
Liu, Q., Hu, T., Li, H., Shen, Y., Wu, D., & Ye, B. (2023) · Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine · doi:10.1111/jcmm.17930 · Cited by 11
Innovative drugs promote precision cancer therapy
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Treatment of multiple myeloma with selinexor: a review
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“98,99 Cengiz et al .”
Non-viral delivery of RNA for therapeutic T cell engineering
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Late events after anti-CD19 CAR T-cell therapy for relapsed/refractory B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma
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“5,6 This underscores the critical need for research into the on-target, off-tumour effects of targeting BCMA and other TAA on cellular immunity to better understand the mechanisms of pathogen defence and infection.”
Hansen, D. K., Lu, X., Puglianini, O., Sorensen, S., Usmani, S., Zhang, E., Huo, S., Zhang, Y., Qureshi, Z. P., & Jagannath, S. (2024) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2024.1408892 · Cited by 10
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CAR T-cells for pediatric solid tumors: where to go from here?
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“Several clinical studies have demonstrated encouraging efficacy of BCMA CAR T-cells in R/R MM, with response rates of 73.4% and 94.8% for the idel-cel and cilta-cel BCMA CAR T-cell products, respectively [33].”
InfluentialYee, A. J., Laubach, J. P., Campagnaro, E. L., Lipe, B. C., Nadeem, O., Friedman, R. S., Cole, C. E., O’Donnell, E., Bianchi, G., Branagan, A. R., et al. (2024) · Blood Advances · doi:10.1182/bloodadvances.2024014717 · Cited by 10
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Nivolumab to restore T-cell fitness in CAR-T refractory multiple myeloma
Waldschmidt, J. M., Sotudeh, N., Arora, S., Vijaykumar, T., Anand, P., Stuart, H., Frede, J., Campbell, T., Kaiser, S. M., Zheng, X., et al. (2025) · Blood Advances · doi:10.1182/bloodadvances.2024015285 · Cited by 10
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Immune Resistance in Glioblastoma: Understanding the Barriers to ICI and CAR-T Cell Therapy
Eckert, T., Zobaer, M. S., Boulos, J., Alexander-Bryant, A. A., Baker, T. G., Rivers, C., Das, A., Vandergrift, W. A., Santos, J. L. M., Zukas, A. M., et al. (2025) · Cancers · doi:10.3390/cancers17030462 · Cited by 10
“The rapid growth of tumor cells exacerbates the hypoxia within the microenvironment, triggering a continuous release of angiogenic factors to provide the tumor cells with adequate blood and oxygen [29,59].”
InfluentialMajhail, N. S., Cox, T., Larson, S., Battiwalla, M., Ramakrishnan, A., Shaughnessy, P. J., Tees, M. T., Zahradka, N., Wilkes, M., & Pantin, J. M. (2025) · JCO Oncology Practice · doi:10.1200/op-25-00062 · Cited by 10
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Next-generation immune profiling – beyond blood cancer cells
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Smoldering multiple myeloma – Past, present, and future
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Promising therapeutic approaches for relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma
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“syndrome (CRS), mostly of grade 1 or 2 and 7 patients (5%) had adverse events (AEs) of grade 3 or higher [21].”
BackgroundTargeting BCMA to Treat Multiple Myeloma: Updates From the 2021 ASH Annual Meeting
Guo, R., Lu, W., Zhang, Y., Cao, X., Jin, X. K., & Zhao, M. (2022) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2022.839097 · Cited by 12
“Because of the difference in overall OS and median PFS (34.2, 24.8 months and 8.8, 8.6 months, respectively) between the results of KarMMa and an earlier phase I study of ide-cel named CRB-401 (65), further research was conducted on the patients enrolled in KarMMa who relapsed after ide-cel treatment.”
BackgroundInfluentialGenetic Modification of T Cells for the Immunotherapy of Cancer
Quinn, S., Lenart, N. M., Dronzek, V., Scurti, G. M., Hossain, N. M., & Nishimura, M. I. (2022) · Vaccines · doi:10.3390/vaccines10030457 · Cited by 10
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CAR-T cell therapy for multiple myeloma: a practical toolkit for treatment in Brazil
Hungria, V., Piérola, A., Schmidt, J., Crusoé, E., de Magalhães, R. J. P., Maiolino, Â., & Rodríguez-Otero, P. (2022) · Hematology, Transfusion and Cell Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.htct.2022.08.002 · Cited by 10
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Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cells in Acute Myeloid Leukemia
Cummins, K. D., & Gill, S. I. (2023) · Hematology/Oncology Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.hoc.2023.06.004 · Cited by 10
Nakanishi, Y., Marumo, Y., Ri, M., Kinoshita, S., Suzuki, T., Narita, T., Kusumoto, S., Komatsu, H., & Iida, S. (2023) · International Journal of Hematology · doi:10.1007/s12185-023-03633-8 · Cited by 10
“At a median follow-up of 13.3 months (range 0.2–21.2), median progression-free survival was 8.8 months (95% CI 5.6–11.6) [4].”
BackgroundInfluentialFang, J., & Zhou, F. (2023) · Annals of Hematology · doi:10.1007/s00277-023-05444-7 · Cited by 12
“Moreover, although 18% of subjects exhibited neurotoxicity, most were low grade and only 3% were grade 3 [38].”
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Pereira, R., & Bergantim, R. (2024) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms25094996 · Cited by 10
“The results of this trial demonstrated superior and deeper treatment responses with ide-cel, as well as a safety profile that was similar to that reported by Munshi et al. [46] and Raje et al. [29].”
ResultToxicity of CAR T-Cell Therapy for Multiple Myeloma
Afrough, A., Abraham, P. R., Turer, L., Kaur, G., Sannareddy, A., Hansen, D. K., & Anderson, L. D. (2024) · Acta Haematologica · doi:10.1159/000539134 · Cited by 11
“In the pivotal KarMMa trial evaluating ide-cel in RRMM, 18% of participants ( n = 23) experienced ICANS, with median time to onset of 2 days (range, 1 – 10), with 3% incidence of grade 3 or higher ICANS [15].”
InfluentialSelf-citationChiawpanit, C., Wathikthinnakon, M., Sawasdee, N., Phanthaphol, N., Sujjitjoon, J., Junking, M., Yamabhai, M., Panaampon, J., Yenchitsomanus, P., & Panya, A. (2024) · International Immunopharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112273 · Cited by 10
Chen, D., Zhu, Y., Zhi, C., Jiang, S., He, H., Qiang, W., Fang, X., Sun, X., & Du, J. (2024) · Clinical Cancer Research · doi:10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-24-0414 · Cited by 10
Idecabtagene Vicleucel in Relapsed Myeloma
Kidoguchi, K., Mori, J., & Tanimoto, T. (2021) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmc2105069 · Cited by 10
Straßl, I., Schreder, M., Steiner, N., Rudzki, J. D., Agis, H., Kunz, T., Müser, N., Willenbacher, W., Petzer, A. L., Neumeister, P., et al. (2021) · Cancers · doi:10.3390/cancers13184701 · Cited by 10
“In this case, of heavily pretreated patients, the most exciting fact was that an MRD negativity of <10−5 nucleated cells were confirmed in 26% of all patients treated and 79% of 42 patients with a CR or better [21].”
BackgroundGiri, S., Bal, S., Godby, K. N., Ravi, G., Clark, D., Ubersax, C., Cooley, A., White, P., Rangarajan, S., Williams, G. R., et al. (2022) · American Journal of Hematology · doi:10.1002/ajh.26472 · Cited by 10
“8 months; efficacy parameters considered transformative in this setting.(3) While the FDA approval of CAR-T therapy among patients with”
BackgroundTumour Escape from CAR-T Cells
Rasche, L., Vago, L., & Mutis, T. (2022) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-94353-0_4 · Cited by 10
New and emerging pharmacotherapies for the management of multiple myeloma
Moore, D. C., Oxencis, C. J., & Shank, B. R. (2022) · American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy · doi:10.1093/ajhp/zxac091 · Cited by 9
Njomen, E., Vanecek, A. S., Lansdell, T. A., Yang, Y.-T., Schall, P. Z., Harris, C. M., Bernard, M. P., Isaac, D., Alkharabsheh, O. A., Al-Janadi, A., et al. (2022) · Biomedicines · doi:10.3390/biomedicines10050938 · Cited by 10
“Most recently, a B-cell maturation antigen directed genetically modified autologous chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)T cell therapy (idecabtagene vicleucel) has been approved, with breakthrough therapy designation for multiple myeloma patients with relapsed or refractory MM after four or more lines of prior therapy [52].”
BackgroundShah, N. D., Delforge, M., Miguel, J. F. S., Moshkovich, O., Braverman, J., Dhanda, D. S., Lanar, S., Miera, M., Williams, A., Murphy, R., et al. (2022) · Leukemia Research · doi:10.1016/j.leukres.2022.106921 · Cited by 10
Self-citationAtieh, T., Atrash, S., Ahmed, N., Mohan, M., Cui, W., Shune, L. O., Hajjar, S., Mahmoudjafari, Z., Quick, J., Wishna, A., et al. (2022) · Clinical Lymphoma Myeloma & Leukemia · doi:10.1016/j.clml.2022.08.003 · Cited by 10
First report of teclistamab in a patient with relapsed AL amyloidosis and multiple myeloma
Leung, N., Chapman, J. A., & Bhatia, S. (2023) · eJHaem · doi:10.1002/jha2.772 · Cited by 10
The Current Landscape of Modular CAR T Cells
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“Today, there are seven approved CAR T-cell therapies for the treatment of B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (B-ALL) and Multiple Myeloma (MM) [2,3].”
Overcoming functional and translational challenges of cellular immunotherapies for solid tumors
Chen, Y.-C., Chen, K., Levine, B. L., & Shah, K. (2026) · Cancer Cell · doi:10.1016/j.ccell.2026.02.002 · Cited by 9
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Self-citationIdentification of CD8+ T-cell epitope from multiple myeloma-specific antigen AKAP4
Ma, N., Liu, H., Zhang, Y., Liu, W., Liang, Z., Wang, Q., Yuhua, S., Wang, L., Li, Y., Ren, H., et al. (2022) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2022.927804 · Cited by 9
“The past decade witnessed great progress in multiple myeloma (MM) management, including new agents such as proteasome inhibitors (1, 2) and immuno-modulators (3, 4), immunotherapy targeting myeloma cells such as the monoclonal antibodies targeting CD38 (5) and SLAMF7 (CS-1) (6), antiBCMA chimeric antigen receptor T (C…”
BackgroundInfluentialAutomated detection of immune effector cell‐associated neurotoxicity syndrome via quantitative EEG
Eckhardt, C. A., Sun, H., Malik, P., et al. (2023) · Annals of Clinical and Translational Neurology · doi:10.1002/acn3.51866 · Cited by 9
Pasvolsky, O., Pasyar, S., Bassett, R. L., Khan, H., Tanner, M. R., Bashir, Q., Srour, S. A., Saini, N. Y., Lin, P. Y., Ramdial, J., et al. (2023) · Cancer · doi:10.1002/cncr.35171 · Cited by 9
“The anti ‐ myeloma armamentarium is constantly evolving, and new modalities, such as B ‐ cell maturation antigen ‐ directed CAR T 19 and bispecific antibodies, 20 have shown efficacy in inducing deep responses in patients with relapsed/refractory MM.”
BackgroundLee, W., Graham, C., Wiggin, H. R., Nolan, H. K., Graham, K., Korell, F., Leick, M. B., Barselau, A. L., Emmanuel‐Alejandro, E., Trailor, M., et al. (2024) · Cytometry Part B Clinical Cytometry · doi:10.1002/cyto.b.22165 · Cited by 9
“…maturation antigen (BCMA) targeting CAR T cells now commercially available for B cell and plasma cell malignancies respectively (Abramson et al., 2020; Berdeja et al., 2021; Munshi et al., 2021; Neelapu et al., 2017; Park et al., 2016; Raje et al., 2019; Schuster et al., 2019; Wang et al., 2020).”
BackgroundInfluentialCilta-cel, a BCMA-targeting CAR-T therapy for patients with multiple myeloma
Jagannath, S., Jackson, C. C., Schecter, J. M., Lendvai, N. K., Sun, H., Akram, M., Patel, N., & Martin, T. G. (2024) · Expert Opinion on Biological Therapy · doi:10.1080/14712598.2024.2352591 · Cited by 13
“Data are less promising for retreating with the same CAR-T [77].”
BackgroundMorè, S., Corvatta, L., Manieri, V. M., Morsia, E., & Offidani, M. (2024) · Cancers · doi:10.3390/cancers16122263 · Cited by 9
“The most common cytopenia is neutropenia, which was globally 91% and 96% in CAR T cell therapy ide-cel and cilta-cel, respectively, with neutropenia grade ≥ 3 being 89% and 95% in the two groups, respectively [90, 118].”
BackgroundYang, Q., Hu, S., Wang, Y., Zhong, L., Yu, X., Zhang, Y., Zhang, Y., Zhang, H., Wang, S., & Tian, Q. (2024) · Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy · doi:10.1016/j.biopha.2024.117064 · Cited by 10
Metadata
- Authors
- Munshi, N. C., Anderson, L. D., Shah, N., Madduri, D., Berdeja, J., Lonial, S., Raje, N., Lin, Y., Siegel, D., Oriol, A., Moreau, P., Yakoub-Agha, I., Delforge, M., Cavo, M., Einsele, H., Goldschmidt, H., Weisel, K., Rambaldi, A., Reece, D., Petrocca, F., Massaro, M., Connarn, J. N., Kaiser, S., Patel, P., Huang, L., Campbell, T. B., Hege, K., & San-Miguel, J.
- Affiliations
- Harvard University (US)
- Mayo Clinic (US)
- Hackensack University Medical Center (US)
- From the Jerome Lipper Multiple Myeloma Center, Dana–Farber Cancer Institute (N.C.M.), the Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System, Harvard Medical School (N.C.M.), and Massachusetts General Hospital (N.R.), Boston, and bluebird bio, Cambridge (F.P., M.M.) — all in Massachusetts; Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (L.D.A.); the University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (N.S.); Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York ...
- ORCID
- Munshi, Nikhil C.
- Anderson, Larry D.
- Shah, Nina
- Madduri, Deepu
- Berdeja, Jesús
- Lonial, Sagar
- Raje, Noopur
- Lin, Yi
- Siegel, David
- Oriol, Albert
- Moreau, Philippe
- Yakoub-Agha, Ibrahim
- Delforge, Michel
- Einsele, Hermann
- Goldschmidt, Hartmut
- Weisel, Katja
- Rambaldi, Alessandro
- Reece, Donna
- Petrocca, Fabio
- Connarn, Jamie N.
- Kaiser, Shari
- Patel, Payal
- Huang, Liping
- Campbell, Timothy B.
- Hege, Kristen
- Venue
- New England Journal of Medicine
- Publisher
- Massachusetts Medical Society
- Published
- 2021-02-25
- Volume
- 384
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 705-716
- ISSN
- 0028-4793 (ISSN-L)
- 1533-4406
- OpenAlex
- W3133229959
- Semantic Scholar
- fd96e2f87dff7d1153a17b78b56fbbab69cb714e
- Cited by
- 2,560
- References
- 17
- Citations by year
- 2026: 411 · 2025: 486 · 2024: 540 · 2023: 493 · 2022: 436 · 2021: 186
- FWCI
- 150.68
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- New England Journal of Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- HAL (submittedVersion)
- Archivio istituzionale della ricerca (Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Lirias (KU Leuven) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Bristol-Myers Squibb
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › CAR-T cell therapy research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Hematology › Multiple Myeloma Research and Treatments
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Protein Degradation and Inhibitors
- Keywords
- idecabtagene vicleucel, CAR T-cell therapy, relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma, BCMA, minimal residual disease, cytokine release syndrome, neurotoxicity, CAR T cell persistence, progression-free survival, complete response, neutropenia, anemia, thrombocytopenia, chimeric antigen receptor T cells
- MeSH terms
- Receptors, Chimeric Antigen, Progression-Free Survival, Cytokine Release Syndrome, Adult, Aged, Female, Hematologic Diseases, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Multiple Myeloma, Recurrence, Biomarkers, Immunotherapy, Adoptive, Drug Resistance, Neoplasm
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
A language model drew the claims from the paper on 2026-10-11, under version 3 of the claim definition (model deepseek-v4.1-flash, prompt extract-v3).
A second model labelled each claim on 2026-10-11 (model jev-1.13-20260917, definition revision gold-guideline-v0.2).
Cited sources are checked with a language model’s help (gpt-6-sol).
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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