The DOI matches its Crossref record; 13 of the 13 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
1 ω , 2 ω , and 3ω methods for measurements of thermal properties
Abstract
3 ω methods are commonly used to measure the thermal conductivity of a substrate adjacent to a strip heater or the thermal conductivity and specific heat of a suspended wire. Here we consider the general case of a line heater that is also used to sense temperature. Analysis of all harmonics is presented in terms of generic thermal and electrical transfer functions and is readily adapted to other experimental configurations. We identify voltage signals at 2ω and 1ω that contain the same information about the thermal properties as the 3ω signal. The 2ω voltage requires a dc offset at the current source. The 1ω voltage requires a very stable current source, but eliminates the need for higher-harmonic detection, and is advantageous for studying the dynamics of systems with very fast thermal response times. The 1ω,2ω, and 3ω methods compare favorably with experiments using a suspended platinum wire and a line heater on a Pyrex substrate. With a modern lock-in amplifier, no common-mode voltage subtraction is necessary, which simplifies the experiment compared to the common practice of balancing a bridge or using a multiplying digital-to-analog converter. We also show that the widespread practice of using a voltage source to approximate a current source is only valid when the sample resistance is small compared to the total electrical resistance of the circuit, and derive and experimentally verify a correction factor to be used otherwise.
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“Electrical resistance thermometry has been applied to measure the thermal conductivity of low dimensional solids (films, membranes, wires, and bridges) [13-15] in both direct [16-20] and modulated (1-omega, 2-omega, 3-omega) [21,22] current configurations.”
From Mean Free Path Effects on the Experimentally Measured Thermal Conductivity of Single-Crystal Silicon Microbridges (2013) · cites this paper as [22]
Citations
Cites
Thermophysical Properties of Matter
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Thermal conductivity measurement from 30 to 750 K: the 3ω method
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Thermal conductivity of a -Si:H thin films
Cahill, D. G., Katiyar, M., & Abelson, J. R. (1994) · Physical Review B · doi:10.1103/physrevb.50.6077 · Cited by 523
3 omega method for specific heat and thermal conductivity measurements
Lu, L., Yi, W., & Zhang, D. L. (2002) · arXiv · doi:10.48550/arxiv.quant-ph/0202038 · Cited by 447
Data Reduction in 3ω Method for Thin-Film Thermal Conductivity Determination
Borca-Tasciuc, T., Kumar, A. R., & Chen, G. (2001) · Review of Scientific Instruments · doi:10.1063/1.1353189 · Cited by 439
Self-citationSpecific-heat spectroscopy of glycerol and propylene glycol near the glass transition
Birge, N. O. (1986) · Physical review. B, Condensed matter · doi:10.1103/physrevb.34.1631 · Cited by 391
Perry, A. E., & Libby, P. A. (1983) · Journal of Applied Mechanics · doi:10.1115/1.3167010 · Cited by 219
Wide-frequency specific heat spectrometer
Birge, N. O., & Nagel, S. R. (1987) · Review of Scientific Instruments · doi:10.1063/1.1139434 · Cited by 175
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Physical Properties of Titanium. III. The Specific Heat
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Thermal Response of Bridgewires used in Electroexplosive Devices
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- 2001, Rev. Sci. Instrum., 72, 2996, 10.1063/1.1378340 · DOI · Paper page
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Energy dissipation and transport in nanoscale devices
Pop, E. (2010) · Nano Research · doi:10.1007/s12274-010-1019-z · Cited by 1,308
Processing, structure, and properties of carbon fibers
Newcomb, B. A. (2016) · Composites Part A Applied Science and Manufacturing · doi:10.1016/j.compositesa.2016.10.018 · Cited by 783
Wang, Z., Alaniz, J. E., Jang, W., Garay, J. E., & Dames, C. (2011) · Nano Letters · doi:10.1021/nl1045395 · Cited by 462
Self-citationThermal contact resistance between graphene and silicon dioxide
Chen, Z., Jang, W., Bao, W., Lau, C. N., & Dames, C. (2009) · Applied Physics Letters · doi:10.1063/1.3245315 · Cited by 354
Self-citationSoft wearable devices for deep-tissue sensing
Lin, M., Hu, H., Zhou, S., & Xu, S. H. (2022) · Nature Reviews Materials · doi:10.1038/s41578-022-00427-y · Cited by 367
Metadata
- Authors
- Dames, C., & Chen, G.
- Affiliations
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (US)
- Venue
- Review of Scientific Instruments
- Publisher
- AIP Publishing
- Published
- 2005-12-01
- Volume
- 76
- Issue
- 12
- ISSN
- 0034-6748 (ISSN-L)
- 1089-7623
- OpenAlex
- W2094240247
- Cited by
- 275
- References
- 13
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 16 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 15 · 2021: 18 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 15 · 2018: 17 · 2017: 14 · 2016: 18 · 2015: 20 · 2014: 18 · 2013: 15 · 2012: 19
- FWCI
- 2.65
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Review of Scientific Instruments (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Science Foundation
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Materials Chemistry › Thermal properties of materials
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Mechanics of Materials › Thermography and Photoacoustic Techniques
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Mechanical Engineering › Mechanical and Thermal Properties Analysis
- Keywords
- 3ω method, thermal conductivity measurement, specific heat measurement, harmonic analysis, common-mode voltage, lock-in amplifier, Pyrex substrate, platinum wire
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