The DOI matches its Crossref record; 17 of the 17 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Electrical detection of single viruses
Open accessAbstract
We report direct, real-time electrical detection of single virus particles with high selectivity by using nanowire field effect transistors. Measurements made with nanowire arrays modified with antibodies for influenza A showed discrete conductance changes characteristic of binding and unbinding in the presence of influenza A but not paramyxovirus or adenovirus. Simultaneous electrical and optical measurements using fluorescently labeled influenza A were used to demonstrate conclusively that the conductance changes correspond to binding/unbinding of single viruses at the surface of nanowire devices. pH-dependent studies further show that the detection mechanism is caused by a field effect, and that the nanowire devices can be used to determine rapidly isoelectric points and variations in receptor-virus binding kinetics for different conditions. Lastly, studies of nanowire devices modified with antibodies specific for either influenza or adenovirus show that multiple viruses can be selectively detected in parallel. The possibility of large-scale integration of these nanowire devices suggests potential for simultaneous detection of a large number of distinct viral threats at the single virus level.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Nanowire Nanosensors for Highly Sensitive and Selective Detection of Biological and Chemical Species
Cui, Y., Wei, Q., Park, H., & Lieber, C. M. (2001) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1062711 · Cited by 5,809
Self-citationHigh Performance Silicon Nanowire Field Effect Transistors
Cui, Y., Zhong, Z., Wang, D., Wang, W. U., & Lieber, C. M. (2003) · Nano Letters · doi:10.1021/nl025875l · Cited by 2,169
Self-citationNoncovalent functionalization of carbon nanotubes for highly specific electronic biosensors
Chen, R. J., Bangsaruntip, S., Drouvalakis, K. A., Wong Shi Kam, N., Shim, M., Li, Y., Kim, W., Utz, P. J., & Dai, H. (2003) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0837064100 · Cited by 1,442
Chemical kinetics and dynamics
Steinfeld, J. I., Francisco, J. S., & Hase, W. L. (1989) · Cited by 1,418
Mackay, I. M. (2002) · Nucleic Acids Research · doi:10.1093/nar/30.6.1292 · Cited by 1,318
Hahm, J.-I., & Lieber, C. M. (2004) · Nano Letters · doi:10.1021/nl034853b · Cited by 1,308
Self-citationStochastic sensors inspired by biology
Bayley, H., & Cremer, P. S. (2001) · Nature · doi:10.1038/35093038 · Cited by 1,118
Multiplex PCR: Optimization and Application in Diagnostic Virology
Elnifro, E. M., Ashshi, A. M., Cooper, R. J., & Klapper, P. E. (2000) · Clinical Microbiology Reviews · doi:10.1128/cmr.13.4.559 · Cited by 961
Measuring conformational dynamics of biomolecules by single molecule fluorescence spectroscopy.
Weiss, S. (2000) · Nature Structural Biology · doi:10.1038/78941 · Cited by 723
Visualizing infection of individual influenza viruses
Lakadamyali, M., Rust, M. J., Babcock, H. P., & Zhuang, X. (2003) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0832269100 · Cited by 720
Self-citation
Cited by
Nanostructures in Biodiagnostics
Rosi, N. L., & Mirkin, C. A. (2005) · Chemical Reviews · doi:10.1021/cr030067f · Cited by 4,603
Hammock, M. L., Chortos, A., Tee, B. C. ‐., Tok, J. B. ‐., & Bao, Z. (2013) · Advanced Materials · doi:10.1002/adma.201302240 · Cited by 2,396
Electrochemical biosensors: Towards point-of-care cancer diagnostics
Wang, J. (2006) · Biosensors and Bioelectronics · doi:10.1016/j.bios.2005.10.027 · Cited by 1,454
Label-free immunodetection with CMOS-compatible semiconducting nanowires
Stern, E., Klemic, J. F., Routenberg, D. A., Wyrembak, P. N., Turner-Evans, D. B., Hamilton, A. D., LaVan, D. A., Fahmy, T. M., & Reed, M. A. (2007) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature05498 · Cited by 1,352
Patolsky, F., Timko, B. P., Yu, G., Fang, Y., Greytak, A. B., Zheng, G., & Lieber, C. M. (2006) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1128640 · Cited by 832
Self-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Patolsky, F., Zheng, G., Hayden, O., Lakadamyali, M., Zhuang, X., & Lieber, C. M.
- Venue
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
- Published
- 2004-09-13
- Volume
- 101
- Issue
- 39
- Pages
- 14017-14022
- ISSN
- 0027-8424 (ISSN-L)
- 1091-6490
- OpenAlex
- W2053192345
- Cited by
- 1,258
- References
- 17
- FWCI
- 42.14
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Electrical detection of single viruses. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1073/pnas.0406159101
- The paper
- Patolsky, F., Zheng, G., Hayden, O., Lakadamyali, M., Zhuang, X., & Lieber, C. M. (2004). Electrical detection of single viruses. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0406159101
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.