The DOI matches its Crossref record; 29 of the 29 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Mechanisms of uropathogenic Escherichia coli persistence and eradication from the urinary tract
Abstract
Recurrent urinary tract infections (rUTIs) are a source of considerable morbidity in women. The infecting bacteria in both rUTIs and a de novo acute infection have been thought to originate from an extraurinary location. Here, we show in a murine model of UTI that uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) established quiescent intracellular reservoirs (QIRs) in Lamp1 + endosomes within the urinary bladder epithelium. Depending on the integrity of the urothelial barriers at the time of initial infection, these QIRs were established within terminally differentiated superficial facet cells and/or underlying transitional epithelial cells. Treatment of infected bladders harboring exclusively superficial facet cell QIRs with the cationic protein, protamine sulfate, led to epithelial exfoliation and eradication of bacteria in 100% of treated animals. However, when the bacterial QIRs were harbored in underlying transitional cells, stimulation of epithelial turnover triggered reemergence of viable organisms and recurrence of infection. Thus, our results suggest ( i ) that bacterial QIRs within the bladder may be a previously unappreciated source of recurrent UTIs and ( ii ) that inducing epithelial exfoliation may be a therapeutic avenue for treating this heretofore recalcitrant disease.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Defensins: antimicrobial peptides of innate immunity
Ganz, T. (2003) · Nature Reviews Immunology · doi:10.1038/nri1180 · Cited by 3,066
Epidemiology of urinary tract infections: incidence, morbidity, and economic costs
Foxman, B. (2002) · The American Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1016/s0002-9343(02)01054-9 · Cited by 1,898
Intracellular Bacterial Biofilm-Like Pods in Urinary Tract Infections
Anderson, G. G., Palermo, J. J., Schilling, J. D., Roth, R., Heuser, J., & Hultgren, S. J. (2003) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1084550 · Cited by 1,161
Self-citationInduction and Evasion of Host Defenses by Type 1-Piliated Uropathogenic Escherichia coli
Mulvey, M. A., Lopez-Boado, Y. S., Wilson, C. L., Roth, R., Parks, W. C., Heuser, J., & Hultgren, S. J. (1998) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.282.5393.1494 · Cited by 947
Self-citationMulvey, M. A., Schilling, J. D., & Hultgren, S. J. (2001) · Infection and Immunity · doi:10.1128/iai.69.7.4572-4579.2001 · Cited by 849
Self-citationJustice, S. S., Hung, C., Theriot, J. A., Fletcher, D. A., Anderson, G. G., Footer, M. J., & Hultgren, S. J. (2004) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0308125100 · Cited by 632
Self-citationPersistent bacterial infections: the interface of the pathogen and the host immune system
Monack, D. M., Mueller, A., & Falkow, S. (2004) · Nature Reviews Microbiology · doi:10.1038/nrmicro955 · Cited by 572
Recurring urinary tract infection: incidence and risk factors.
Foxman, B. (1990) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.80.3.331 · Cited by 435
Epidemiology of urinary tract infections: Incidence, morbidity, and economic costs
Betsy Foxman, B. (2003) · Disease-a-Month · doi:10.1016/s0011-5029(03)90000-9 · Cited by 418
THE MAMMALIAN URINARY BLADDERAN ACCOMMODATING ORGAN
HICKS, R. M. (1975) · Biological Reviews · doi:10.1111/j.1469-185x.1975.tb01057.x · Cited by 408
Cited by
The Placenta Harbors a Unique Microbiome
Aagaard, K., Ma, J., Antony, K. M., Ganu, R., Petrosino, J., & Versalovic, J. (2014) · Science Translational Medicine · doi:10.1126/scitranslmed.3008599 · Cited by 2,494
The biology and future prospects of antivirulence therapies
Cegelski, L., Marshall, G. R., Eldridge, G. R., & Hultgren, S. J. (2008) · Nature Reviews Microbiology · doi:10.1038/nrmicro1818 · Cited by 788
Self-citationDetection of Intracellular Bacterial Communities in Human Urinary Tract Infection
Rosen, D. A., Hooton, T. M., Stamm, W. E., Humphrey, P. A., & Hultgren, S. J. (2007) · PLoS Medicine · doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.0040329 · Cited by 651
“Ultimately, UPEC are able to form quiescent intracellular reservoirs composed of small rosettes of bacteria within Lamp-1–positive endocytic vesicles that can persist for several weeks protected from antibiotics and, presumably, undetected by the host immune system [15,19,20].”
Self-citationUrinary Tract Infection: Pathogenesis and Outlook
McLellan, L. K., & Hunstad, D. A. (2016) · Trends in Molecular Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.molmed.2016.09.003 · Cited by 382
Wright, K. J., Seed, P. C., & Hultgren, S. J. (2007) · Cellular Microbiology · doi:10.1111/j.1462-5822.2007.00952.x · Cited by 334
Self-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Mysorekar, I. U., & Hultgren, S. J.
- Venue
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
- Published
- 2006-09-19
- Volume
- 103
- Issue
- 38
- Pages
- 14170-14175
- ISSN
- 0027-8424 (ISSN-L)
- 1091-6490
- OpenAlex
- W2144098483
- Cited by
- 512
- References
- 29
- FWCI
- 14.17
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Mechanisms of uropathogenic Escherichia coli persistence and eradication from the urinary tract. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1073/pnas.0602136103
- The paper
- Mysorekar, I. U., & Hultgren, S. J. (2006). Mechanisms of uropathogenic Escherichia coli persistence and eradication from the urinary tract. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0602136103
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
