Neurons produce type I interferon during viral encephalitis

Delhaye, Sophie; Paul, Sophie; Blakqori, Gjon; Minet, Muriel; Weber, Friedemann; Staeheli, Peter; Michiels, Thomas

doi:10.1073/pnas.0602460103

Cited by 267interferon and immune responsesNeuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration MechanismsImmune Response and Inflammation

Neurons produce type I interferon during viral encephalitis

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Delhaye, Sophie, Paul, Sophie, Blakqori, Gjon, Minet, Muriel, Weber, Friedemann, Staeheli, Peter, Michiels, Thomas·2006·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences

DOI 10.1073/pnas.0602460103PMC PMC1458506

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Abstract

Type I interferons, also referred to as IFN-α/β, form the first line of defense against viral infections. Major IFN-α/β producers in the periphery are the plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs). Constitutive expression of the IFN regulatory factor (IRF)-7 enables pDCs to rapidly synthesize large amounts of IFN-α/β after viral infection. In the central nervous system (CNS), pDCs are considered to be absent from the parenchyma, and little is known about the cells producing IFN-α/β. The study presented here aimed to identify the cells producing IFN-α/β in the CNS in vivo after infection by neurotropic viruses such as Theiler's virus and La Crosse virus. No cells with high constitutive expression of IRF-7 were detected in the CNS of uninfected mice, suggesting the absence of cells equivalent to pDCs. Upon viral infection, IFN-β and some subtypes of IFN-α, but not IFN-ε or IFN-κ, were transcriptionally up-regulated. IFN-α/β was predominantly produced by scattered parenchymal cells and much less by cells of inflammatory foci. Interestingly, in addition to some macrophages and ependymal cells, neurons turned out to be important producers of both IFN-α and IFN-β. However, only 3% of the infected neurons produced IFN-α/β, suggesting that some restriction to IFN-α/β production existed in these cells. All CNS cell types analyzed, including neurons, were able to respond to type I IFN by producing Mx or IRF-7. Our data show that, in vivo , neurons take an active part to the antiviral defense by being both IFN-α/β producers and responders.

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Visualizing Production of Beta Interferon by Astrocytes and Microglia in Brain of La Crosse Virus-Infected Mice
Kallfass, C., Ackerman, A., Lienenklaus, S., Weiß, S., Heimrich, B., & Staeheli, P. (2012) · Journal of Virology · doi:10.1128/jvi.01093-12 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Self-citation

Authors: Delhaye, S., Paul, S., Blakqori, G., Minet, M., Weber, F., Staeheli, P., & Michiels, T.
Affiliations: de Duve Institute (BE)
University of Freiburg (DE)
ORCID: Weber, Friedemann
Staeheli, Peter
Michiels, Thomas
Venue: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
Publisher: National Academy of Sciences
Published: 2006-05-16
Volume: 103
Issue: 20
Pages: 7835-7840
ISSN: 0027-8424 (ISSN-L)
1091-6490
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0602460103
PMC: PMC1458506
OpenAlex: W2037012882
Cited by: 266
References: 36
Citations by year: 2026: 9 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 13 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 16 · 2013: 20 · 2012: 17
FWCI: 7.08
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
europepmc.org
Locations: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (publishedVersion)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
DIAL (Catholic University of Leuven) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
Funders: Fondation pour l'Aide à la Recherche sur la Sclérose en Plaques
Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
Fonds De La Recherche Scientifique - FNRS
Fondation Charcot
Fonds pour la Formation à la Recherche dans l’Industrie et dans l’Agriculture
Topics: Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › interferon and immune responses
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immune Response and Inflammation
Keywords: type I interferon, neurons, viral encephalitis, neurotropic viruses, Theiler's virus, La Crosse virus, IRF7, plasmacytoid dendritic cells, antiviral defense, Mx protein, central nervous system, macrophages, ependymal cells
MeSH terms: Animals, Central Nervous System, Epithelial Cells, Female, Humans, Macrophages, Mice, Inbred Strains, Neurons, Interferon-alpha, Interferon-beta, Encephalitis, Viral, Protein Isoforms, Interferon Regulatory Factor-7, Mice

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Neurons produce type I interferon during viral encephalitis

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