The DOI matches its Crossref record; 40 of the 40 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Climate forcing from the transport sectors
Open accessAbstract
Although the transport sector is responsible for a large and growing share of global emissions affecting climate, its overall contribution has not been quantified. We provide a comprehensive analysis of radiative forcing from the road transport, shipping, aviation, and rail subsectors, using both past- and forward-looking perspectives. We find that, since preindustrial times, transport has contributed ≈15% and 31% of the total man-made CO 2 and O 3 forcing, respectively. A forward-looking perspective shows that the current emissions from transport are responsible for ≈16% of the integrated net forcing over 100 years from all current man-made emissions. The dominating contributor to positive forcing (warming) is CO 2 , followed by tropospheric O 3 . By subsector, road transport is the largest contributor to warming. The transport sector also exerts cooling through reduced methane lifetime and atmospheric aerosol effects. Shipping causes net cooling, except on future time scales of several centuries. Much of the forcing from transport comes from emissions not covered by the Kyoto Protocol.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Special report on emissions scenarios
Nakićenović, N., Alcamo, J. M., Davis, G. F., de Vries, B. J. M., Fenhann, J. V., Gaffin, S. R., Gregory, K., Griibler, A., Jung, T. Y., Kram, T., et al. (2000) · eScholarship (California Digital Library) · Cited by 3,423
A technology‐based global inventory of black and organic carbon emissions from combustion
Bond, T. C., Streets, D. G., Yarber, K. F., Nelson, S. M., Woo, J., & Klimont, Z. (2004) · Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres · doi:10.1029/2003jd003697 · Cited by 2,393
Soot climate forcing via snow and ice albedos
Hansen, J., & Nazarenko, L. (2004) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.2237157100 · Cited by 1,332
(1996) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.33-3969 · Cited by 1,138
Well-to-Wheels Analysis of Future Automotive Fuels and Powertrains in the European Context
Edwards, R., Mahieu, V., Griesemann, J.-C., Larivé, J.-F., & Rickeard, D. J. (2004) · SAE Technical Paper Series · doi:10.4271/2004-01-1924 · Cited by 1,036
Aviation and the Global Atmosphere
Penner, J. E., Lister, D. H., Griggs, E. J., Dokken, D. J., & McFarland, M. (1999) · Cited by 749
Organic atmospheric aerosols: Review and state of the science
Jacobson, M. C., Hansson, H. ‐., Noone, K. J., & Charlson, R. J. (2000) · Reviews of Geophysics · doi:10.1029/1998rg000045 · Cited by 731
Emissions from international shipping: 1. The last 50 years
Eyring, V., Köhler, H. W., van Aardenne, J., & Lauer, A. (2005) · Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres · doi:10.1029/2004jd005619 · Cited by 696
Shine, K. P., Fuglestvedt, J. S., Hailemariam, K., & Stuber, N. (2005) · Climatic Change · doi:10.1007/s10584-005-1146-9 · Cited by 671
Self-citation
Cited by
Bounding the role of black carbon in the climate system: A scientific assessment
Bond, T. C., Doherty, S. J., Fahey, D. W., Forster, P. M., Berntsen, T., DeAngelo, B. J., Flanner, M. G., Ghan, S., Kärcher, B., Koch, D., et al. (2013) · Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres · doi:10.1002/jgrd.50171 · Cited by 6,385
Self-citationThe contribution of global aviation to anthropogenic climate forcing for 2000 to 2018
Lee, D. S., Fahey, D. W., Skowron, A., Allen, M. R., Burkhardt, U., Chen, Q., Doherty, S. J., Freeman, S., Forster, P. M., Fuglestvedt, J., et al. (2021) · Atmospheric Environment · doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2020.117834 · Cited by 1,957
Self-citationBlocken, B. (2015) · Building and Environment · doi:10.1016/j.buildenv.2015.02.015 · Cited by 1,163
Aviation and global climate change in the 21st century
Lee, D. S., Fahey, D. W., Forster, P. M., Newton, P. J., Wit, R. C. N., Lim, L. L., Owen, B., & Sausen, R. (2009) · Atmospheric Environment · doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2009.04.024 · Cited by 1,072
Transport impacts on atmosphere and climate: Aviation
Lee, D. S., Pitari, G., Grewe, V., Gierens, K., Penner, J. E., Petzold, A., Prather, M. J., Schumann, U., Bais, A., & Berntsen, T. (2010) · Atmospheric Environment · doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2009.06.005 · Cited by 765
Self-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Fuglestvedt, J., Berntsen, T., Myhre, G., Rypdal, K., & Skeie, R. B.
- Venue
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
- Published
- 2008-01-15
- Volume
- 105
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 454-458
- ISSN
- 0027-8424 (ISSN-L)
- 1091-6490
- OpenAlex
- W2130674115
- Cited by
- 334
- References
- 40
- FWCI
- 22.92
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Climate forcing from the transport sectors. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1073/pnas.0702958104
- The paper
- Fuglestvedt, J., Berntsen, T., Myhre, G., Rypdal, K., & Skeie, R. B. (2008). Climate forcing from the transport sectors. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0702958104
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
