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Cited by 61Memory and Neural MechanismsMemory Processes and InfluencesNeuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research

Tracking memory's trace

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Horn, Gabriel, Nicol, Alister U., Brown, Malcolm W.·2001·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
DOI 10.1073/pnas.091094798PMC PMC33201
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Abstract

There is strong converging evidence that the intermediate and medial part of the hyperstriatum ventrale of the chick brain is a memory store for information acquired through the learning process of imprinting. Neurons in this memory system come, through imprinting, to respond selectively to the imprinting stimulus (IS) neurons and so possess the properties of a memory trace. Therefore, the responses of the intermediate and medial part of the hyperstriatum ventrale neurons to a visual imprinting stimulus were determined before, during, and after training. Of the total recorded population, the proportions of IS neurons shortly after each of two 1-h training sessions were significantly higher (approximately 2 times) than the pretraining proportion. However, ≈4.5 h later this proportion had fallen significantly and did not differ significantly from the pretraining proportion. Nevertheless, ≈21.5 h after the end of training, the proportion of IS neurons was at its highest (approximately 3 times the pretraining level). No significant fluctuations occurred in the proportions of neurons responding to the alternative stimulus. In addition, nonmonotonic changes were found commonly in the activity of 230 of the neurons tracked individually from before training to shortly after the end of training. Thus the pattern of change in responsiveness both at the population level and at the level of individual neurons was highly nonmonotonic. Such a pattern of change is not consistent with simple models of memory based on synaptic strengthening to asymptote. A model is proposed that accounts for the changes in the population responses to the imprinting stimulus in terms of changes in the responses of individual neurons.

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  • Imprinting over repeated training sessions leads to a gradual increase in the number of IMM neurons that selectively respond to the imprinting stimulus, correlated with the chick's preference for the imprinting stimulus.

    “Imprinting over repeated training sessions leads to a gradual increase in the number of neurons in the intermediate and medial mesopallium (IMM, also termed intermediate and medial hyperstriatum) that selectively respond to the imprinting stimulus which is correlated with the chick's preference for the imprinting stimulus (144, 568).”

    From About Sleep's Role in Memory (2013) · cites this paper as [568]

    The Results report more stimulus-selective IMHV neurons after training, supporting that part of the claim. But the increase was not gradual: the proportion stayed elevated after the second session, later fell to near its pretraining level, and rose again. Materials and Methods report that chicks preferred the imprinting stimulus, but the cited passages do not establish a correlation between preference strength and the number of selective neurons. (LLM, conf=0.88)

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  • They highlight a narrow period for future investigation, spanning the transition from experience-expectant to experience-dependent mechanisms.

    “they highlight a narrow period for future investigation, spanning the transition from experience-expectant to experience-dependent mechanisms 27 .”

    From Attention to eyes is present but in decline in 2–6-month-old infants later diagnosed with autism (2013) · cites this paper as [27]

    The Results and Discussion describe changes in chicks’ neuronal responses over hours after imprinting, but do not identify a transition from experience-expectant to experience-dependent mechanisms as a narrow period for future investigation. Searches for those terms and for a narrow period of future investigation found no passage addressing that point; page numbers were not available in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.74)

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Research works printed but not linked: 5

  1. [2]Cajal S R. Histologie du Système Nerveux de l'Homme et des Vertébrés. Paris: Maloine; 1911. [Google Scholar]
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  4. [27]Honey R C, Horn G, Bateson P, Walpole M. Behav Neurosci. 1995;109:689–698. doi: 10.1037//0735-7044.109.4.689. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar] · DOI
  5. [34]Baker R J, Nelder J A. The GLIM (Generalised Linear Interactive Modelling) System. Numerical Algorithm Group 70, Oxford: Royal Statistical Society; 1978. [Google Scholar]

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Related

Authors
Horn, G., Nicol, A. U., & Brown, M. W.
Affiliations
University of Cambridge (GB)
ORCID
Nicol, Alister U.
Venue
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
Publisher
National Academy of Sciences
Published
2001-04-10
Volume
98
Issue
9
Pages
5282-5287
ISSN
  • 0027-8424 (ISSN-L)
  • 1091-6490
DOI
10.1073/pnas.091094798
PMC
PMC33201
OpenAlex
W2127073882
Cited by
61
References
50
Citations by year
2026: 1 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 1 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 2
FWCI
0.87
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (publishedVersion)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory Processes and Influences
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
Keywords
hyperstriatum ventrale, imprinting, memory traces, memory storage, chick brain, neuronal responsiveness, synaptic strengthening, memory models
MeSH terms
Analysis of Variance, Animals, Chickens, Imprinting, Psychological, Memory, Neurons, Photic Stimulation, Rotation, Visual Perception

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