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Cited by 473Sleep and Wakefulness ResearchMemory and Neural MechanismsMemory Processes and Influences

Sleep states and memory processes

Smith, Carlyle·1995·Behavioural Brain Research
DOI 10.1016/0166-4328(95)00024-n
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Abstract

Evidence for the involvement of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep or paradoxical sleep (PS) with memory processing continues to accumulate. In animals, there is continuing evidence of relatively small, vulnerable paradoxical sleep windows (PSWs) following successful acquisition. These PSWs, which manifest as increases in PS over normal levels, appear to exhibit shorter latencies to onset when the amount of material presented during acquisition is increased. Prevention of the PSW results in memory deficits. In humans, there is now evidence that different types of tasks are differentially sensitive to rapid eye movement sleep deprivation (REMD). Memory for declarative or explicit types of tasks appear not to be affected by REM sleep loss, while memory for cognitive procedural or implicit types of material are impaired by REMD. Using post training auditory stimulation during REM sleep, memory enhancement of the procedural material is also possible. The memory for a fine motor task appears to be sensitive to post training stage 2 sleep loss. The important neural structures are generally not yet identifiable, although the hippocampus would appear to be important for place learning in the Morris water maze.

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77 of 77 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

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  • Total REM sleep deprivation or deprivation of the last two REM episodes of postlearning sleep selectively impairs performance on procedural memory tasks at retest 1 week later.

    “Smith and colleagues (230, 1093, 1094) found that total REM sleep deprivation or deprivation of the last two REM episodes of postlearning sleep selectively impaired performance on the procedural memory tasks at the retest session 1 wk later.”

    From About Sleep's Role in Memory (2013) · cites this paper as [1094]

  • Blocking of NMDA receptors was most effective in impairing memory consolidation when administered after a PSW, suggesting that PSW-associated memory processing induces subsequent NMDA-dependent plasticity.

    “Interestingly, blocking of NMDA receptors was most effective in impairing memory consolidation when administered after a PSW, suggesting that PSW-associated memory processing induces subsequent NMDA-dependent plasticity (1094, 1099).”

    From About Sleep's Role in Memory (2013) · cites this paper as [1094]

  • Most studies failed to find effects of selective REM sleep deprivation on the retention of declarative memories when simple verbal materials were used.

    “Most studies failed to find effects of selective REM sleep deprivation on the retention of declarative memories when simple verbal materials (word lists, word pairs, etc.) were used (88,185,192,343,344,729,918,1094,1191).”

    From About Sleep's Role in Memory (2013) · cites this paper as [1094]

  • Blockade of NMDA receptors shortly after these REM sleep windows disrupted sleep-dependent consolidation of these tasks.

    “and blockade of NMDA receptors shortly after these REM sleep windows disrupted sleep-dependent consolidation of these tasks (1094, 1099)”

    From About Sleep's Role in Memory (2013) · cites this paper as [1094]

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Authors
Smith, C.
Affiliations
Trent University (CA)
Corresponding author
Smith, Carlyle
ORCID
Smith, Carlyle
Venue
Behavioural Brain Research
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
1995-07
Volume
69
Issue
1-2
Pages
137-145
ISSN
0166-4328 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1016/0166-4328(95)00024-n
OpenAlex
W2074808436
Cited by
473
References
77
Citations by year
2026: 4 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 31 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 15 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 12 · 2014: 24 · 2013: 18 · 2012: 8
FWCI
1.48
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations
  • Behavioural Brain Research (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Sleep and Wakefulness Research
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory Processes and Influences
Keywords
REM sleep, sleep deprivation, memory consolidation, declarative memory, procedural memory, implicit memory, stage 2 sleep, hippocampus, place learning, Morris water maze
MeSH terms
Animals, Humans, Learning, Memory, Sleep, Sleep, REM

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