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Neural basis of the undermining effect of monetary reward on intrinsic motivation
Open accessAbstract
Contrary to the widespread belief that people are positively motivated by reward incentives, some studies have shown that performance-based extrinsic reward can actually undermine a person's intrinsic motivation to engage in a task. This “undermining effect” has timely practical implications, given the burgeoning of performance-based incentive systems in contemporary society. It also presents a theoretical challenge for economic and reinforcement learning theories, which tend to assume that monetary incentives monotonically increase motivation. Despite the practical and theoretical importance of this provocative phenomenon, however, little is known about its neural basis. Herein we induced the behavioral undermining effect using a newly developed task, and we tracked its neural correlates using functional MRI. Our results show that performance-based monetary reward indeed undermines intrinsic motivation, as assessed by the number of voluntary engagements in the task. We found that activity in the anterior striatum and the prefrontal areas decreased along with this behavioral undermining effect. These findings suggest that the corticobasal ganglia valuation system underlies the undermining effect through the integration of extrinsic reward value and intrinsic task value.
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“Recently, Murayama and colleagues demonstrated the undermining effect of reward on subsequent free choice behavior and neural activation, finding more limited engagement in the task and reduced activation in the anterior striatum, midbrain, and lateral prefrontal cortex following reward (Murayama, Matsumoto, Izuma, & Matsumoto, 2010).”
From Optimizing performance through intrinsic motivation and attention for learning: The OPTIMAL theory of motor learning (2016) · cites this paper as Murayama, Matsumoto, Izuma, & Matsumoto, 2010
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“individual differences in temperament and achievement/intrinsic motivation tendencies have been documented in ASD [220,221], and can result in differential responsiveness to reward [222,223].”
From Social “wanting” dysfunction in autism: neurobiological underpinnings and treatment implications (2012) · cites this paper as [223]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Murayama, K., Matsumoto, M., Izuma, K., & Matsumoto, K.
- Affiliations
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (DE)
- Tamagawa University (JP)
- Venue
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
- Publisher
- National Academy of Sciences
- Published
- 2010-11-15
- Volume
- 107
- Issue
- 49
- Pages
- 20911-20916
- ISSN
- 0027-8424 (ISSN-L)
- 1091-6490
- PMC
- PMC3000299
- OpenAlex
- W2138816729
- Cited by
- 365
- References
- 50
- Citations by year
- 2026: 12 · 2025: 24 · 2024: 31 · 2023: 19 · 2022: 29 · 2021: 27 · 2020: 33 · 2019: 27 · 2018: 22 · 2017: 26 · 2016: 30 · 2015: 18 · 2014: 23 · 2013: 18 · 2012: 15
- FWCI
- 8.34
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- ePrints Soton (University of Southampton) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Alexander von Humboldt-Stiftung
- Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (21530773)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Social Sciences › Economics, Econometrics and Finance › Economics and Econometrics › Experimental Behavioral Economics Studies
- Keywords
- intrinsic motivation, extrinsic rewards, monetary rewards, performance-based incentives, neural basis, prefrontal cortex, reward valuation, task value, reinforcement learning
- MeSH terms
- Basal Ganglia, Brain Mapping, Corpus Striatum, Female, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Motivation, Reinforcement, Psychology, Reward, Prefrontal Cortex, Young Adult
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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