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Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha-dependent induction of FoxP3 drives regulatory T-cell abundance and function during inflammatory hypoxia of the mucosa
Open accessAbstract
Recent studies have demonstrated dramatic shifts in metabolic supply-and-demand ratios during inflammation, a process resulting in localized tissue hypoxia within inflammatory lesions (“inflammatory hypoxia”). As part of the adaptive immune response, T cells are recruited to sites of inflammatory hypoxia. Given the profound effects of hypoxia on gene regulation, we hypothesized that T-cell differentiation is controlled by hypoxia. To pursue this hypothesis, we analyzed the transcriptional consequences of ambient hypoxia (1% oxygen) on a broad panel of T-cell differentiation factors. Surprisingly, these studies revealed selective, robust induction of FoxP3, a key transcriptional regulator for regulatory T cells (Tregs). Studies of promoter binding or loss- and gain-of-function implicated hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α in inducing FoxP3. Similarly, hypoxia enhanced Treg abundance in vitro and in vivo. Finally, Treg-intrinsic HIF-1α was required for optimal Treg function and Hif1a –deficient Tregs failed to control T-cell–mediated colitis. These studies demonstrate that hypoxia is an intrinsic molecular cue that promotes FoxP3 expression, in turn eliciting potent anti-inflammatory mechanisms to limit tissue damage in conditions of reduced oxygen availability.
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“For instance, tumor hypoxia and/or HIFs can attract myeloid-derived suppressor cells (Corzo et al., 2010), regulatory T-cells (Clambey et al., 2012), and tumor-associated macrophages (Doedens et al., 2010;Imtiyaz et al., 2010) with immunosuppressive functions.”
From Therapeutic targeting of hypoxia and hypoxia-inducible factors in cancer (2016) · cites this paper as Clambey et al., 2012
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“Oxygen deficiency causes activation of cells of both innate and adaptive immunity, inhibits neutrophil apoptosis [14], increases migration of neutrophils and macrophages [15, 16], and stimulates differentiation of T-helper cells [17] and T-regulatory cells [18].”
Eleftheriadis, T., Pissas, G., Mavropoulos, Α., Nikolaou, E., Filippidis, G., Liakopoulos, V., & Stefanidis, I. (2020) · Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis · doi:10.1007/s00005-020-00596-0 · Cited by 16
Hernández‐Molina, G., Rodrı́guez-Pérez, J. M., Fernández‐Torres, J., Lima, G., Pérez‐Hernández, N., López-Reyes, A. G., & Martínez‐Nava, G. A. (2017) · BioMed Research International · doi:10.1155/2017/5845849 · Cited by 15
Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived T Cells for Cancer Immunotherapy
Patel, S. J., Yamauchi, T., & Ito, F. (2019) · Surgical Oncology Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.soc.2019.02.005 · Cited by 16
Hypoxia inducible factor prolyl hydroxylases in inflammatory bowel disease
Lun, J., Zhang, H., Guo, J., Yu, M., & Fang, J. S. (2023) · Frontiers in Pharmacology · doi:10.3389/fphar.2023.1045997 · Cited by 15
“The Tregs without HIF-1α could not control T cellmediated colitis (Clambey et al., 2012).”
BackgroundIyengar, S., Zhan, C., Lu, J., Korngold, R., & Schwartz, D. H. (2014) · Transplantation and Cellular Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.bbmt.2014.04.029 · Cited by 15
Effects of hypoxic exposure on immune responses of intestinal mucosa to Citrobacter colitis in mice
Ji, Q., Zhang, Y., Zhou, Y., Gamah, M., Yuan, Z., Liu, J., Cao, C., Gao, X., Zhang, H., Ren, Y.-M., et al. (2020) · Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy · doi:10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110477 · Cited by 14
Hypoxia and Hypoxia-Inducible Factors in Lymphedema
Jiang, X., Tian, W., Kim, D., McQuiston, A. S., Vinh, R., Rockson, S. G., Semenza, G. L., & Nicolls, M. R. (2022) · Frontiers in Pharmacology · doi:10.3389/fphar.2022.851057 · Cited by 16
Qi, T., Luo, Y., Cui, W., Zhou, Y., Ma, X., Wang, D., Tian, X., & Wang, Q. (2022) · Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology · doi:10.3389/fcell.2022.911811 · Cited by 14
“Some studies have shown that HIF-1α positively affects the function of Tregs and plays a role in their suppressive function in tumors (Clambey et al., 2012; Westendorf et al., 2017).”
BackgroundPTPROt maintains T cell immunity in the microenvironment of hepatocellular carcinoma
Hou, J., Deng, L., Zhuo, H., Lin, Z., Chen, Y., Jiang, R., Chen, D., Zhang, X., Huang, X., & Sun, B. (2015) · Journal of Molecular Cell Biology · doi:10.1093/jmcb/mjv047 · Cited by 14
“In fact, it has been previously identified that HIF-1a in T cells up-modulates Foxp3 transcription, which bears the consensus on regulation of T cell immunity by hypoxic microenvironment (Clambey et al., 2012).”
BackgroundMetabolic Optimisation of Regulatory T Cells in Transplantation
Atif, M., Mohr, A., Conti, F., Scatton, O., Gorochov, G., & Miyara, M. (2020) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2020.02005 · Cited by 16
“When murine tTreg cells (CD4FOXP3) were cultured for 5 days under acute hypoxia (1% O2) with antiCD3/28-based activation and IL-2, there was no change in their FOXP3 expression (76).”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluentialKolbe, K., Wittner, M., Hartjen, P., Hüfner, A.-D., Degen, O., Ackermann, C., Cords, L., Stellbrink, H., Haag, F., & Wiesch, J. S. Z. (2022) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2022.867167 · Cited by 13
Pohar, J., O’Connor, R. A., Manfroi, B., Behi, M. E., Jouneau, L., Boudinot, P., Bunse, M., Uckert, W., Luka, M., Ménager, M. M., et al. (2022) · European Journal of Immunology · doi:10.1002/eji.202249845 · Cited by 14
Hypoxia-inducible lentiviral gene expression in engineered human macrophages
Chinn, H. K., Gardell, J. L., Matsumoto, L. R., Labadie, K. P., Mihailovic, T. N., Lieberman, N. A. P., Davis, A. D., Pillarisetty, V. G., & Crane, C. A. (2022) · Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer · doi:10.1136/jitc-2021-003770 · Cited by 13
“7 HIF-1 also binds FoxP3 to promote regulatory T cell formation, 8 9 and therefore, suppression of effector T cell responses.”
BRD4 Inhibition Enhances the Antitumor Effects of Radiation Therapy in a Murine Breast Cancer Model
Kim, S.-M., Jeon, S. H., Han, M. G., Kang, M. H., & Kim, I. A. (2023) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms241713062 · Cited by 13
“The cells were maintained at 37 ◦ C in a 5% CO 2 incubator.”
Wahlund, C. J. E., Çağlayan, Ş., Czarnewski, P., Hansen, J., & Snir, O. (2023) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2023.1240597 · Cited by 13
Sugars and fat – A healthy way to generate functional regulatory T cells
Gabriel, S. S., & Kallies, A. (2016) · European Journal of Immunology · doi:10.1002/eji.201646663 · Cited by 13
Upregulation of FOXP3 is associated with severity of hypoxia and poor outcomes in COVID-19 patients
Abdelhafiz, A. S., Fouad, M. A., Sayed‐Ahmed, M. M., Kamel, M. M., Ali, A. M. M., Fouda, M. A., Khalil, M. A., Abdel-Moneim, A. S., & Kamal, L. (2021) · Virology · doi:10.1016/j.virol.2021.08.012 · Cited by 13
“This effect depends mainly on hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1 α), which drives the abundance and the function of Treg during inflammation (Ben-Shoshan et al., 2008; Clambey et al., 2012; Wu et al., 2014).”
Yu, Y., Wang, Y., Wang, Y., Wang, X., Liu, Y., Wang, J., Du, C., Wang, L., Li, M., Luo, F., et al. (2016) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/srep34239 · Cited by 13
Immunosuppressive microenvironment in oral cancer: implications for cancer immunotherapy
Sureshbabu, S. K., Godbole, J. H., Vaibhaw, A., & Chiplunkar, S. V. (2021) · Exploration of Immunology · doi:10.37349/ei.2021.00013 · Cited by 12
“There is a strong correlation between the accumulation of Tregs in TME and hypoxia, proven by the increase in expression of FOXP3 on account of HIF1α [111].”
BackgroundInfluentialGao, F., Dong, J., Xue, C., An, L., Zhang, T., Wang, W.-J., Ou, C., & Dong, X. (2023) · Nano Today · doi:10.1016/j.nantod.2023.101831 · Cited by 12
Advances in Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Foxp3+ Treg) and key factors in digestive malignancies
Wang, W., Ding, M., Wang, Q., Song, Y., Huo, K., Chen, X., Xiang, Z., & Liu, L. (2024) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2024.1404974 · Cited by 13
Zhuang, S., Sun, N., Qu, J., Chen, Q., Han, C., Yin, H., Yuan, X., & Zhang, M. (2025) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s00125-024-06354-7 · Cited by 12
“…notion that HIF-1α can constrain T cell responses, studies demonstrate that hypoxia and HIF-1α enhance the abundance of Tregs through direct transcriptional induction of forkhead box protein P3 (FoxP3) and HIF-1α plays a Treg-intrinsic role in promoting Treg function, to restrict inflammation [34].”
Regulation of immune metabolism in Th17 and Treg cells
Ji, Z., Yang, W., Li, S., Chang, Y., Yang, T., Luan, Y., Chen, S., Yin, Y., Xu, C., & Zhang, B. (2025) · Animals and zoonoses. · doi:10.1016/j.azn.2025.02.006 · Cited by 12
Oxygen metabolism and innate immune responses in the gut
Colgan, S. P., & Campbell, E. L. (2017) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00113.2017 · Cited by 12
“Others have shown that HIF-1 induces FoxP3, the key transcription factor influencing the development of regulatory T cells (Treg) and that HIF-1-deficent Tregs fail to control T cell-mediated colitis (10).”
BackgroundSelf-citationIntranuclear Delivery of HIF-1α-TMD Alleviates EAE via Functional Conversion of TH17 Cells
Shin, J.-S., Kim, I.-K., Moon, J., Ho, C.-C., Choi, M.-S., Ghosh, S., & Lee, S. (2021) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2021.741938 · Cited by 12
“However, in another HIF-1a-KO study, HIF-1a was an essential factor for suppressive activity of Treg in hypoxic conditions (27, 28).”
BackgroundPHD2 Constrains Antitumor CD8+ T-cell Activity
Donnet, C. B., Acolty, V., Azouz, A., Taquin, A., Henin, C., Cafarello, S. T., Denanglaire, S., Mazzone, M., Oldenhove, G., Léo, O., et al. (2023) · Cancer Immunology Research · doi:10.1158/2326-6066.cir-22-0099 · Cited by 14
The cell stress and immunity cycle in cancer: Toward next generation of cancer immunotherapy
Laureano, R. S., Vanmeerbeek, I., Sprooten, J., Govaerts, J., Naulaerts, S., & Garg, A. D. (2023) · Immunological Reviews · doi:10.1111/imr.13287 · Cited by 13
“93,94 95 98 In cancer, Treg-mediated suppression hinders antitumor immunity, and high enrichment of Tregs in tumors is associated with poor prognosis in various cancers.”
BackgroundKosyreva, A. M., Dzhalilova, D. S., Цветков, И. С., Diatroptov, M. E., & Makarova, O. V. (2019) · Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine · doi:10.1007/s10517-019-04421-3 · Cited by 12
Hypoxia-dependent signaling in perioperative and critical care medicine
Hirota, K. (2021) · Journal of Anesthesia · doi:10.1007/s00540-021-02940-w · Cited by 12
Metadata
- Authors
- Clambey, E. T., McNamee, E. N., Westrich, J. A., Glover, L. E., Campbell, E. L., Jedlicka, P., de Zoeten, E. F., Cambier, J. C., Stenmark, K. R., Colgan, S. P., & Eltzschig, H. K.
- Affiliations
- Mucosal Inflammation Program,
- Department of Anesthesiology, Departments of bMedicine,
- Pathology, and
- Pediatrics and Genetics (US)
- Integrated Department of Immunology, and
- ORCID
- Venue
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
- Publisher
- National Academy of Sciences
- Published
- 2012-09-17
- Volume
- 109
- Issue
- 41
- Pages
- E2784-93
- ISSN
- 0027-8424 (ISSN-L)
- 1091-6490
- PMC
- PMC3478644
- OpenAlex
- W1986925527
- Cited by
- 560
- References
- 71
- Citations by year
- 2026: 28 · 2025: 31 · 2024: 35 · 2023: 43 · 2022: 60 · 2021: 49 · 2020: 62 · 2019: 44 · 2018: 39 · 2017: 35 · 2016: 38 · 2015: 35 · 2014: 34 · 2013: 25 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 13.43
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- europepmc.org
- Locations
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Maynooth University ePrints and eTheses Archive (Maynooth University) (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (R01HL60569, R01HL060569, R01HL098294, R01HL092188, R01‑HL0921)
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (R0-1 DK50189, R01DK050189, R37DK050189, R01DK083385, R01DK095491)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › T-cell and B-cell Immunology
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Psoriasis: Treatment and Pathogenesis
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cancer Research › Cancer, Hypoxia, and Metabolism
- Keywords
- hypoxia-inducible factor-1α, Foxp3, regulatory T cells, mucosal inflammation, T cell differentiation, transcriptional regulation, T cell-mediated colitis, anti-inflammatory mechanism, oxygen availability
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Hypoxia, Cells, Cultured, Colitis, Female, Flow Cytometry, Gene Expression Regulation, Humans, Inflammation, Interleukin-1, Intestinal Mucosa, Male, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Mice, Transgenic, Cell Hypoxia, Transforming Growth Factor beta, Mice, Knockout, Jurkat Cells, Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction, RNA Interference, Cell Proliferation, T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory, Mice, Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit, Forkhead Transcription Factors
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