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Identification of discrete functional subregions of the human periaqueductal gray
Open accessAbstract
Significance: The periaqueductal gray is a brainstem region that is critical for autonomic regulation and for defensive responses (e.g., “fight,” “flight,” “freeze”). It has been studied extensively in rodents and cats, but less is known about the human periaqueductal gray. The small size and shape of the periaqueductal gray makes it challenging to study using standard noninvasive MRI techniques. We used a high-field strength magnet to examine this region at high resolution while participants viewed emotionally aversive or neutral images. Emotion-related functional activity was concentrated in particular subregions and in ways that are consistent with neurobiological observations in nonhuman animals. This study establishes a technique to uncover the functional architecture of the periaqueductal gray in humans.
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“Functional magnetic resonance imaging studies—performed while negatively arousing (aversive) stimuli, including pictures of mutilation and injury in humans, are being processed—provide clear evidence of PAG activation82,83 and suggest increased functional connectivity between the amygdala and PAG, coupled with a bradycardic effect.84”
From Fear and the Defense Cascade (2015) · cites this paper as [83]
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“To date, dozens of human neuroimaging studies have observed increased activation in the vicinity of the PAG during administration of painful and aversive stimuli (8, 12–16) and across a variety of emotional states (17).”
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Metadata
- Authors
- Satpute, A. B., Wager, T. D., Cohen-Adad, J., Bianciardi, M., Choi, J.-K., Buhle, J. T., Wald, L. L., & Barrett, L. F.
- Affiliations
- Northeastern University (US)
- University of Colorado Boulder (US)
- Department of Electrical Engineering, École Polytechnique de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada H3T 1J4;
- Departments of dRadiology and
- Columbia University (US)
- ORCID
- Venue
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
- Publisher
- National Academy of Sciences
- Published
- 2013-09-30
- Volume
- 110
- Issue
- 42
- Pages
- 17101-17106
- ISSN
- 0027-8424 (ISSN-L)
- 1091-6490
- PMC
- PMC3801046
- OpenAlex
- W2100827912
- Cited by
- 131
- References
- 44
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 14 · 2017: 19 · 2016: 17 · 2015: 15 · 2014: 5
- FWCI
- 6.76
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PolyPublie (École Polytechnique de Montréal) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- U.S. Department of Defense
- Massachusetts General Hospital (P41EB015896)
- Centre d'Imagerie BioMédicale
- National Institutes of Health (1s10rr019307-01, DP1OD003312, 1s10rr023043-01)
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital (P41-EB015896, S10 RR023401)
- National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH076136, R21MH082308)
- National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (P41EB015896)
- National Center for Research Resources (S10-RR019307, S10-RR-023043, S10RR023401)
- Army Research Institute for the Behavioral and Social Sciences (W5J9CQ-11-C-0046)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Functional Brain Connectivity Studies
- Keywords
- periaqueductal gray, midbrain, rostrocaudal axis, dorsal-ventral axis, anger, sadness, survival response
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Anger, Female, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Mesencephalon, Radiography, Stress, Physiological
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