The DOI matches its Crossref record; 47 of the 47 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Self-poisoning of Mycobacterium tuberculosis by interrupting siderophore recycling
Open accessAbstract
Significance: Many bacteria acquire iron from the environment by secreting small iron-binding molecules called siderophores. Mycobacterium tuberculosis , the causative agent of tuberculosis, produces the siderophores mycobactin and carboxymycobactin. Here, we demonstrate that M. tuberculosis recycles its siderophores to enable efficient iron use. Disrupting this process causes the intracellular accumulation of deferrated siderophores, which poisons M. tuberculosis. Both externally available and internally synthesized siderophores are toxic for the recycling-deficient mutant, despite its ability to use heme as an iron source. These findings suggest that targeting siderophore recycling may lead to the development of much-needed drugs to combat one of the world’s most deadly bacterial pathogens.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Recent evidence suggest that M. tuberculosis recycle siderophores to enable efficient iron use, whereas disruption of this process results in iron-mediated self-poisoning of the bacteria (209).”
From Macrophage defense mechanisms against intracellular bacteria (2015) · cites this paper as [209]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Andrews, N. C. (1999) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199912233412607 · Cited by 2,130
Siderophore-Based Iron Acquisition and Pathogen Control
Miethke, M., & Marahiel, M. A. (2007) · Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews · doi:10.1128/mmbr.00012-07 · Cited by 1,774
Chemistry and biology of siderophores
Hider, R. C., & Kong, X. (2010) · Natural Product Reports · doi:10.1039/b906679a · Cited by 1,722
Collins, L., & Franzblau, S. G. (1997) · Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy · doi:10.1128/aac.41.5.1004 · Cited by 1,599
Schaible, U. E., & Kaufmann, S. H. E. (2004) · Nature Reviews Microbiology · doi:10.1038/nrmicro1046 · Cited by 945
Enterobactin: an archetype for microbial iron transport.
Raymond, K. N., Dertz, E. A., & Kim, S. S. (2003) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0630018100 · Cited by 933
Genetics and Assembly Line Enzymology of Siderophore Biosynthesis in Bacteria
Crosa, J. H., & Walsh, C. T. (2002) · Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews · doi:10.1128/mmbr.66.2.223-249.2002 · Cited by 797
The architecture of respiratory complex I
Efremov, R. G., Baradaran, R., & Sazanov, L. A. (2010) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature09066 · Cited by 634
Ojha, A. K., Baughn, A. D., Sambandan, D., Hsu, T., Trivelli, X., Guérardel, Y., Alahari, A., Kremer, L., Jacobs, W. R., & Hatfull, G. F. (2008) · Molecular Microbiology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2958.2008.06274.x · Cited by 562
De Voss, J. J., Rutter, K., Schroeder, B. G., Su, H., Zhu, Y., & Barry, C. E. (2000) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.97.3.1252 · Cited by 532
Mycobactins: iron-chelating growth factors from mycobacteria
Snow, G. A. (1970) · Bacteriological Reviews · doi:10.1128/br.34.2.99-125.1970 · Cited by 378
Mycobacterial Esx-3 is required for mycobactin-mediated iron acquisition
Siegrist, M. S., Unnikrishnan, M., McConnell, M. J., Borowsky, M. L., Cheng, T., Siddiqi, N., Fortune, S. M., Moody, D. B., & Rubin, E. J. (2009) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0900589106 · Cited by 347
Self-citationIron, mycobacteria and tuberculosis
Ratledge, C. (2003) · Tuberculosis · doi:10.1016/j.tube.2003.08.012 · Cited by 344
Self-citationSolution equilibria of enterobactin and metal-enterobactin complexes
Loomis, L. D., & Raymond, K. N. (1991) · Inorganic Chemistry · doi:10.1021/ic00005a008 · Cited by 321
Mycobacterium tuberculosis and the intimate discourse of a chronic infection
Russell, D. G. (2011) · Immunological Reviews · doi:10.1111/j.1600-065x.2010.00984.x · Cited by 302
Ferreras, J. A., Ryu, J., Lello, F. A. D., Tan, D. S., & Quadri, L. E. N. (2005) · Nature Chemical Biology · doi:10.1038/nchembio706 · Cited by 295
Discovery of a Siderophore Export System Essential for Virulence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Wells, R. M., Jones, C. M., Xi, Z., Speer, A., Danilchanka, O., Doornbos, K. S., Sun, P., Wu, F., Tian, C., & Niederweis, M. (2013) · PLoS Pathogens · doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1003120 · Cited by 267
Self-citationRodríguez, G. M., & Smith, I. (2005) · Journal of Bacteriology · doi:10.1128/jb.188.2.424-430.2006 · Cited by 257
Molecular basis of pyoverdine siderophore recycling in Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Imperi, F., Tiburzi, F., & Visca, P. (2009) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0908760106 · Cited by 216
Sambandamurthy, V. K., Derrick, S. C., Hsu, T., Chen, B., Larsen, M. H., Jalapathy, K. V., Chen, M., Kim, J., Porcelli, S. A., Chan, J., et al. (2006) · Vaccine · doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2006.05.097 · Cited by 213
Present aspects of bacterial resistance in tuberculosis.
Canetti, G. (1965) · PubMed · doi:10.1164/arrd.1965.92.5.687 · Cited by 211
Gobin, J., & Horwitz, M. A. (1996) · The Journal of Experimental Medicine · doi:10.1084/jem.183.4.1527 · Cited by 209
A Comparative Lipidomics Platform for Chemotaxonomic Analysis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Layre, E., Sweet, L., Hong, S., Madigan, C. A., Desjardins, D., Young, D. C., Cheng, T., Annand, J. W., Kim, K., Shamputa, I. C., et al. (2011) · Chemistry & Biology · doi:10.1016/j.chembiol.2011.10.013 · Cited by 205
Self-citationDiscovery and characterization of a unique mycobacterial heme acquisition system
Tullius, M. V., Harmston, C. A., Owens, C. P., Chim, N., Morse, R. P., McMath, L. M., Iniguez, A., Kimmey, J. M., Sawaya, M. R., Whitelegge, J. P., et al. (2011) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1009516108 · Cited by 199
Serafini, A., Boldrin, F., Palù, G., & Manganelli, R. (2009) · Journal of Bacteriology · doi:10.1128/jb.00756-09 · Cited by 198
Survival perspectives from the world's most successful pathogen, Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Hingley‐Wilson, S., Sambandamurthy, V. K., & Jacobs, W. R. (2003) · Nature Immunology · doi:10.1038/ni981 · Cited by 192
Role of ferrichrome as a ferric ionophore in Ustilago sphaerogena
Emery, T. F. (1971) · Biochemistry · doi:10.1021/bi00784a033 · Cited by 180
Gobin, J., Moore, C. H., Reeve, J. R., Wong, D. K., Gibson, B. W., & Horwitz, M. A. (1995) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.92.11.5189 · Cited by 179
Brickman, T. J., & McIntosh, M. A. (1992) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(19)49846-3 · Cited by 167
Siderophore electrochemistry: relation to intracellular iron release mechanism.
COOPER, S. R., MCARDLE, J. V., & Raymond, K. N. (1978) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.75.8.3551 · Cited by 134
Hannauer, M., Barda, Y., Mislin, G. L. A., Shanzer, A., & Schalk, I. J. (2010) · Journal of Bacteriology · doi:10.1128/jb.01539-09 · Cited by 130
Reddy, P. V., Puri, R. V., Chauhan, P., Kar, R., Rohilla, A., Khera, A., & Tyagi, A. K. (2013) · The Journal of Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1093/infdis/jit250 · Cited by 127
The Mycobacterium tuberculosis High-Affinity Iron Importer, IrtA, Contains an FAD-Binding Domain
Ryndak, M. B., Wang, S., Smith, I., & Rodríguez, G. M. (2009) · Journal of Bacteriology · doi:10.1128/jb.00223-09 · Cited by 96
Qiao, C., Gupte, A., Boshoff, H. I., Wilson, D. J., Bennett, E. M., Somu, R. V., Barry, C. E., & Aldrich, C. C. (2007) · Journal of Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.1021/jm070905o · Cited by 94
Mycobacterium tuberculosis Can Utilize Heme as an Iron Source
Jones, C. M., & Niederweis, M. (2011) · Journal of Bacteriology · doi:10.1128/jb.01312-10 · Cited by 94
Self-citationMiethke, M., Hou, J., & Marahiel, M. A. (2011) · Biochemistry · doi:10.1021/bi201517h · Cited by 88
MmpS4 promotes glycopeptidolipids biosynthesis and export in Mycobacterium smegmatis
Deshayes, C., Bach, H., Euphrasie, D., Attarian, R., Coureuil, M., Sougakoff, W., Laval, F., Av‐Gay, Y., Daffé, M., Etienne, G., et al. (2010) · Molecular Microbiology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2958.2010.07385.x · Cited by 81
An efflux pump is involved in secretion of newly synthesized siderophore by Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Hannauer, M., Yeterian, E., Martin, L. W., Lamont, I. L., & Schalk, I. J. (2010) · FEBS Letters · doi:10.1016/j.febslet.2010.10.051 · Cited by 76
Iron Transport in Escherichia coli : Uptake and Modification of Ferrichrome
Hartmann, A., & Braun, V. (1980) · Journal of Bacteriology · doi:10.1128/jb.143.1.246-255.1980 · Cited by 69
Role of Porins in Iron Uptake byMycobacterium smegmatis
Jones, C. M., & Niederweis, M. (2010) · Journal of Bacteriology · doi:10.1128/jb.00986-10 · Cited by 65
Self-citationMadigan, C. A., Cheng, T.-Y., Layre, E., Young, D. C., McConnell, M. J., Debono, C. A., Murry, J. P., Wei, J.-R., Barry, C. E., Rodriguez, G. M., et al. (2012) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1109958109 · Cited by 65
Self-citationBrown, K. A., & Ratledge, C. (1975) · FEBS Letters · doi:10.1016/0014-5793(75)80033-0 · Cited by 52
Self-citationBrickman, T. J., & Armstrong, S. K. (2005) · Journal of Bacteriology · doi:10.1128/jb.187.11.3650-3661.2005 · Cited by 48
Mutational and Phylogenetic Analyses of the Mycobacterial mbt Gene Cluster
Chavadi, S. S., Stirrett, K. L., Edupuganti, U. R., Vergnolle, O., Sadhanandan, G., Marchiano, E. J., Martin, C., Qiu, W., Soll, C. E., & Quadri, L. E. N. (2011) · Journal of Bacteriology · doi:10.1128/jb.05811-11 · Cited by 46
Growth stimulation ofEscherichia coliin serum by iron(III) aerobactin. Recycling of aerobactin
Braun, V., Brazel-Faisst, C., & Schneider, R. (1984) · FEMS Microbiology Letters · doi:10.1111/j.1574-6968.1984.tb00193.x · Cited by 35
Lambrecht, R. S., & Collins, M. T. (1993) · Microbial Pathogenesis · doi:10.1006/mpat.1993.1022 · Cited by 34
Organ Pathology in the Absence of Bacteria?
Jones, C. M., & Niederweis, M. (2013) · The Journal of Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1093/infdis/jit606 · Cited by 3
Self-citation
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Macrophage defense mechanisms against intracellular bacteria
Weiss, G., & Schaible, U. E. (2015) · Immunological Reviews · doi:10.1111/imr.12266 · Cited by 989
Bacterial siderophores in community and host interactions
Kramer, J., Özkaya, Ö., & Kümmerli, R. (2020) · Nature Reviews Microbiology · doi:10.1038/s41579-019-0284-4 · Cited by 998
Hartkoorn, R. C., Uplekar, S. M., & Cole, S. T. (2014) · Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy · doi:10.1128/aac.00037-14 · Cited by 493
Siderophores in Iron Metabolism: From Mechanism to Therapy Potential
Wilson, B., Bogdan, A. R., Miyazawa, M., Hashimoto, K., & Tsuji, Y. (2016) · Trends in Molecular Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.molmed.2016.10.005 · Cited by 479
Transition Metals and Virulence in Bacteria
Palmer, L. D., & Skaar, E. P. (2016) · Annual Review of Genetics · doi:10.1146/annurev-genet-120215-035146 · Cited by 449
Metadata
- Authors
- Jones, C. M., Wells, R. M., Madduri, A. V. R., Renfrow, M. B., Ratledge, C., Moody, D. B., & Niederweis, M.
- Affiliations
- University of Alabama at Birmingham (US)
- Brigham and Women's Hospital (US)
- University of Hull (GB)
- Venue
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
- Publisher
- National Academy of Sciences
- Published
- 2014-01-13
- Volume
- 111
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 1945-1950
- ISSN
- 0027-8424 (ISSN-L)
- 1091-6490
- PMC
- PMC3918798
- OpenAlex
- W1974201067
- Cited by
- 125
- References
- 47
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 17 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 15 · 2014: 2
- FWCI
- 8.67
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- University of Alabama at Birmingham (T32 GM008361)
- University of Alabama
- National Institutes of Health (AI074805)
- Science and Technology Facilities Council (ST/H002235/1, PP/E00119X/1, ST/K001000/1)
- National Institute of General Medical Sciences (T32GM008361)
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (AI074805, T32 AI 07041, T32AI007493, P01AI074805, T32AI007041, R01AI083632, AI083632)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › Tuberculosis Research and Epidemiology
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Bacterial Genetics and Biotechnology
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Hematology › Iron Metabolism and Disorders
- Keywords
- Mycobacterium tuberculosis, mycobactin, iron acquisition, antibiotic targets, tuberculosis
- MeSH terms
- Biological Transport, Genes, Bacterial, Iron, Models, Biological, Mutation, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Oxazoles, Promoter Regions, Genetic, Salts, Siderophores, Intracellular Space
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
