Cited by 806Face Recognition and PerceptionEmotion and Mood RecognitionFace recognition and analysis

Compound facial expressions of emotion

Open access
Du, Shichuan, Tao, Yong, Martinez, Aleix M.·2014·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences

Abstract

Significance: Though people regularly recognize many distinct emotions, for the most part, research studies have been limited to six basic categories—happiness, surprise, sadness, anger, fear, and disgust; the reason for this is grounded in the assumption that only these six categories are differentially represented by our cognitive and social systems. The results reported herein propound otherwise, suggesting that a larger number of categories is used by humans.

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Crossref · 10.1073/pnas.1322355111

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48 of 48 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

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Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

  • The face signals more than 20 different categories of emotion via contraction or relaxation of muscles.

    “signaling more than 20 different categories of emotion via the contraction or relaxation of muscles 1”

    From The evolutionary history of the human face (2019) · cites this paper as [1]

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Authors
Du, S., Tao, Y., & Martinez, A. M.
Affiliations
  • The Ohio State University (US)
  • Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, and Center for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
Venue
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
Published
2014-03-31
Volume
111
Issue
15
Pages
E1454-62
ISSN
  • 0027-8424 (ISSN-L)
  • 1091-6490
OpenAlex
W1980331490
Cited by
806
References
48
Citations by year
2026: 27 · 2025: 70 · 2024: 86 · 2023: 94 · 2022: 87 · 2021: 87 · 2020: 85 · 2019: 77 · 2018: 58 · 2017: 49 · 2016: 38 · 2015: 36 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 2
FWCI
24.72
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
  • National Eye Institute (R01EY020834)
  • National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (R21DC011081)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Face Recognition and Perception
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Emotion and Mood Recognition
  • Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition › Face recognition and analysis
Keywords
emotional facial expressions, mixed emotions, emotion categories, basic emotions, facial action units, facial expression recognition, face perception, happiness, surprise, anger, sadness, fear, disgust
MeSH terms
Adult, Discrimination, Psychological, Emotions, Facial Expression, Facial Muscles, Female, Humans, Male, Models, Biological, Ohio, Photography

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