Contribution of reactive oxygen species to cerebral amyloid angiopathy, vasomotor dysfunction, and microhemorrhage in aged Tg2576 mice
Open accessAbstract
Cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) is characterized by deposition of amyloid β peptide (Aβ) within walls of cerebral arteries and is an important cause of intracerebral hemorrhage, ischemic stroke, and cognitive dysfunction in elderly patients with and without Alzheimer's Disease (AD). NADPH oxidase-derived oxidative stress plays a key role in soluble Aβ-induced vessel dysfunction, but the mechanisms by which insoluble Aβ in the form of CAA causes cerebrovascular (CV) dysfunction are not clear. Here, we demonstrate evidence that reactive oxygen species (ROS) and, in particular, NADPH oxidase-derived ROS are a key mediator of CAA-induced CV deficits. First, the NADPH oxidase inhibitor, apocynin, and the nonspecific ROS scavenger, tempol, are shown to reduce oxidative stress and improve CV reactivity in aged Tg2576 mice. Second, the observed improvement in CV function is attributed both to a reduction in CAA formation and a decrease in CAA-induced vasomotor impairment. Third, anti-ROS therapy attenuates CAA-related microhemorrhage. A potential mechanism by which ROS contribute to CAA pathogenesis is also identified because apocynin substantially reduces expression levels of ApoE-a factor known to promote CAA formation. In total, these data indicate that ROS are a key contributor to CAA formation, CAA-induced vessel dysfunction, and CAA-related microhemorrhage. Thus, ROS and, in particular, NADPH oxidase-derived ROS are a promising therapeutic target for patients with CAA and AD.
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Inhibiting NOX with apocynin or genetic deletion of gp91phox in Tg2576 mice overexpressing mutant amyloid precursor protein attenuates cerebral amyloid angiopathy.
“Inhibiting NOX with the naturally occurring compound, apocynin, or genetic deletion of gp91phox in mice (Tg2576) overexpressing mutant amyloid precursor protein (APP), attenuates cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) [115,116].”
From ROS Generation in Microglia: Understanding Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Neurodegenerative Disease (2020) · cites this paper as [115]
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- Authors
- Han, B. H., Zhou, M.-L., Johnson, A. W., Singh, I., Liao, F., Vellimana, A. K., Nelson, J. W., Milner, E., Cirrito, J. R., Basak, J., Yoo, M., Dietrich, H. H., Holtzman, D. M., & Zipfel, G. J.
- Affiliations
- Washington University in St. Louis (US)
- Departments of aNeurological Surgery,
- Neurology, and
- ORCID
- Venue
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
- Publisher
- National Academy of Sciences
- Published
- 2015-02-09
- Volume
- 112
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- E881-90
- ISSN
- 0027-8424 (ISSN-L)
- 1091-6490
- PMC
- PMC4345564
- OpenAlex
- W2123684403
- Cited by
- 131
- References
- 72
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 17 · 2020: 17 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 16 · 2016: 18 · 2015: 8
- FWCI
- 11.99
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- HHS | NIH | National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NS071011-01A1)
- HHS | National Institutes of Health (AG13956)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Neurology › Intracerebral and Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neurological Disease Mechanisms and Treatments
- Keywords
- cerebral amyloid angiopathy, reactive oxygen species, NADPH oxidase, oxidative stress, vasomotor dysfunction, cerebral microhemorrhages, amyloid-beta, apocynin, tempol, apolipoprotein E, Tg2576 mice, aging, Alzheimer's disease, cerebrovascular dysfunction
- MeSH terms
- Acetophenones, Aging, Animals, Apolipoproteins E, Astrocytes, Brain, Cerebral Arteries, Cerebral Hemorrhage, Cyclic N-Oxides, Cricetinae, Humans, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Mice, Transgenic, Muscle, Smooth, Vascular, Spin Labels, Vasomotor System, Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy, Reactive Oxygen Species, Microglia, Oxidative Stress, Myocytes, Smooth Muscle
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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