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Late Pleistocene horse and camel hunting at the southern margin of the ice-free corridor: Reassessing the age of Wally’s Beach, Canada
Abstract
Significance: Archaeological discoveries at Wally’s Beach, Canada, provide the only direct evidence of horse and camel hunting in the Americas at the end of the last Ice Age. Here, seven horses and one camel were attacked and butchered near a river crossing by prehistoric hunters. New radiocarbon dates revise the age of these kill and butchering localities to 13,300 y ago. Other North American kill and butchering sites show that prehistoric hunters preyed on 6 of the 36 genera of large mammals, called megafauna, for at least 2,000 y before these animals became extinct, around 12,700 y ago. Accurate dating is necessary to build meaningful chronologies for the Ice Age peopling of the Americas and to understand megafauna extinctions.
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The disappearance of Sporormiella at ~12,600 cal yr B.P. indicates that the extinction of the megaherbivores in Florida and the American Southeast was synchronous with extinctions elsewhere in North America.
“The disappearance of Sporormiella at ~12,600 cal yr B.P. indicates that the extinction of the megaherbivores in Florida and the American Southeast was synchronous with extinctions elsewhere in North America (22, 26, 28).”
From Pre-Clovis occupation 14,550 years ago at the Page-Ladson site, Florida, and the peopling of the Americas (2016) · cites this paper as [22]
The Discussion places North American megafaunal extinctions at around 12,700 cal yr B.P. and includes a Florida site among those discussed. It does not mention Sporormiella, date its disappearance to ~12,600 cal yr B.P., or establish that extinctions in Florida and the American Southeast were synchronous with those elsewhere. (LLM, conf=0.82)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe small artifact assemblage recovered from the pre-Clovis occupation at Page-Ladson is consistent with the small number of artifacts found at other pre-Clovis and some Clovis butchering and scavenging sites.
“The small artifact assemblage recovered from the pre-Clovis occupation at Page-Ladson is consistent with the small number of artifacts found at other pre-Clovis (4, 22) and some Clovis (12, 23) butchering and scavenging sites.”
From Pre-Clovis occupation 14,550 years ago at the Page-Ladson site, Florida, and the peopling of the Americas (2016) · cites this paper as [22]
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Cites
IntCal13 and Marine13 radiocarbon age calibration curves 0–50,000 years cal BP
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Cited by
Sorted by citations
Halligan, J. J., Waters, M. R., Perrotti, A., Owens, I. J., Feinberg, J. M., Bourne, M. D., Fenerty, B., Winsborough, B., Carlson, D., Fisher, D. C., et al. (2016) · Science Advances · doi:10.1126/sciadv.1600375 · Cited by 259
Self-citationLate Pleistocene exploration and settlement of the Americas by modern humans
Waters, M. R. (2019) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.aat5447 · Cited by 176
Self-citationPotter, B. A., Chatters, J. C., Prentiss, A. M., Fiedel, S. J., Haynes, G., Kelly, R. L., Kilby, J. D., Lanoë, F., Holland-Lulewicz, J., Miller, D. S., et al. (2022) · PaleoAmerica · doi:10.1080/20555563.2021.1978721 · Cited by 53
Metadata
- Authors
- Waters, M. R., Stafford, T. W., Kooyman, B., & Hills, L. V.
- Affiliations
- Center for the Study of the First Americans, Department of Anthropology and Department of Geography, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-4352;
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark;
- Department of Archaeology and
- Venue
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
- Publisher
- National Academy of Sciences
- Published
- 2015-03-23
- Volume
- 112
- Issue
- 14
- Pages
- 4263-4267
- ISSN
- 0027-8424
- 1091-6490
- Cited by
- 101
- References
- 1
- Language
- en
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