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Neural correlates of the LSD experience revealed by multimodal neuroimaging
Open accessAbstract
Significance: Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), the prototypical “psychedelic,” may be unique among psychoactive substances. In the decades that followed its discovery, the magnitude of its effect on science, the arts, and society was unprecedented. LSD produces profound, sometimes life-changing experiences in microgram doses, making it a particularly powerful scientific tool. Here we sought to examine its effects on brain activity, using cutting-edge and complementary neuroimaging techniques in the first modern neuroimaging study of LSD. Results revealed marked changes in brain blood flow, electrical activity, and network communication patterns that correlated strongly with the drug’s hallucinatory and other consciousness-altering properties. These results have implications for the neurobiology of consciousness and for potential applications of LSD in psychological research.
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“Such disruption is believed to be associated with the experience of ego dissolution [71].”
From Mindfulness meditation and psychedelics: potential synergies and commonalities (2023) · cites this paper as [71]
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“In the field of psychedelic neuroscience, reduced mPFC-PCC connectivity as well as DMN deactivation and disintegration have been demonstrated post-acutely after the administration of psilocybin, LSD and ayahuasca (45, 46, 57), while long-term ayahuasca users demonstrated thinning of the PCC (117).”
From Examining the Potential Synergistic Effects Between Mindfulness Training and Psychedelic-Assisted Therapy (2021) · cites this paper as [46]
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“In contrast, arterial spin labeling (ASL) measurements of cerebral perfusion indicated that LSD (1) increased CBF in visual cortex of human volunteers [139].”
From Molecular and Functional Imaging Studies of Psychedelic Drug Action in Animals and Humans. (2021) · cites this paper as [139]
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“The increased CBF and the extent of the functional connectivity of the visual cortex correlated with the intensity of visual hallucinations; we suppose that anesthesia may have interfered in the effects of LSD (1) on CBF in the pig PET study.”
From Molecular and Functional Imaging Studies of Psychedelic Drug Action in Animals and Humans. (2021) · cites this paper as [139]
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“Certain psychedelic studies have further correlated these transient connectivity changes within the DMN with subjective measures of drug-induced ego-dissolution (46, 115).”
From Examining the Potential Synergistic Effects Between Mindfulness Training and Psychedelic-Assisted Therapy (2021) · cites this paper as [46]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Carhart-Harris, R. L., Muthukumaraswamy, S., Roseman, L., Kaelen, M., Droog, W., Murphy, K., Tagliazucchi, E., Schenberg, E. E., Nest, T., Orban, C., Leech, R., Williams, L. T., Williams, T. M., Bolstridge, M., Sessa, B., McGonigle, J., Sereno, M. I., Nichols, D., Hellyer, P. J., Hobden, P., Evans, J., Singh, K. D., Wise, R. G., Curran, H. V., Feilding, A., & Nutt, D. J.
- Affiliations
- Imperial College London (GB)
- University of Auckland (NZ)
- Cardiff University (GB)
- Goethe University Frankfurt (DE)
- McGill University (CA)
- Centre for Neuropsychopharmacology, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, W12 0NN, London, United Kingdom;
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Bristol, BS8 2BN, Bristol, United Kingdom;
- University College London (GB)
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (US)
- Beckley Foundation (GB)
- ORCID
- Carhart-Harris, Robin L.
- Muthukumaraswamy, Suresh
- Roseman, Leor
- Kaelen, Mendel
- Droog, Wouter
- Murphy, Kevin
- Tagliazucchi, Enzo
- Schenberg, Eduardo E.
- Leech, Robert
- Sessa, Ben
- McGonigle, John
- Sereno, Martin I.
- Nichols, David
- Hellyer, Peter J.
- Evans, John
- Singh, Krish D.
- Wise, Richard G.
- Curran, H. Valerie
- Feilding, Amanda
- Nutt, David J.
- Venue
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
- Publisher
- National Academy of Sciences
- Published
- 2016-04-11
- Volume
- 113
- Issue
- 17
- Pages
- 4853-4858
- ISSN
- 0027-8424 (ISSN-L)
- 1091-6490
- PMC
- PMC4855588
- OpenAlex
- W2336389811
- Cited by
- 859
- References
- 47
- Citations by year
- 2026: 79 · 2025: 85 · 2024: 110 · 2023: 112 · 2022: 83 · 2021: 85 · 2020: 67 · 2019: 70 · 2018: 74 · 2017: 64 · 2016: 29
- FWCI
- 105.63
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- ORCA Online Research @Cardiff (Cardiff University) (acceptedVersion)
- Research Bank (Australian Catholic University) (submittedVersion)
- BIROn (Birkbeck, University of London) (submittedVersion)
- UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
- eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion)
- LA Referencia (Red Federada de Repositorios Institucionales de Publicaciones Científicas) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Spiral (Imperial College London) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Funders
- Wellcome Trust (WT090199, 200804/Z/16/Z)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychedelics and Drug Studies
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Hallucinations in medical conditions
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Paranormal Experiences and Beliefs
- Keywords
- lysergic acid diethylamide, LSD, psychedelics, visual hallucinations, ego dissolution, visual cortex, primary visual cortex, cerebral blood flow, alpha power, functional connectivity, parahippocampal cortex, retrosplenial cortex, consciousness, resting-state brain activity
- MeSH terms
- Brain, Brain Mapping, Cerebrovascular Circulation, Consciousness, Hallucinations, Hallucinogens, Humans, Lysergic Acid Diethylamide, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Nerve Net, Synaptic Transmission, Oxygen, Spin Labels, Magnetoencephalography, Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT2A, Serotonin 5-HT2 Receptor Agonists, Connectome, Multimodal Imaging
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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