Cited by 543Building Energy and Comfort OptimizationIntegrated Energy Systems OptimizationBuilding energy efficiency and sustainability

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 45 of the 46 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Global scenarios of urban density and its impacts on building energy use through 2050

Open access

Güneralp, Burak, Zhou, Yuyu, Ürge-Vorsatz, Diana, Gupta, Mukesh, Yu, Sha, Patel, Pralit L., Fragkias, Michail, Li, Xiaoma, Seto, Karen C.·2017·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences

DOI 10.1073/pnas.1606035114PMC PMC5576775

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Significance: Urban density significantly impacts urban energy use and the quality of life of urban residents. Here, we provide a global-scale analysis of future urban densities and associated energy use in the built environment under different urbanization scenarios. The relative importance of urban density and energy-efficient technologies varies geographically. In developing regions, urban density tends to be the more critical factor in building energy use. Large-scale retrofitting of building stock later rather than sooner results in more energy savings by the middle of the century. Reducing building energy use, improving the local environment, and mitigating climate change can be achieved through systemic efforts that take potential co-benefits and trade-offs of both higher urban density and building energy efficiency into account.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1073/pnas.1606035114

Cites

45 of 45 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

World Population Prospects The 2006 Revision
Zlotnik, H. (2007) · United Nations eBooks · Cited by 7,896
Global forecasts of urban expansion to 2030 and direct impacts on biodiversity and carbon pools
Seto, K. C., Güneralp, B., & Hutyra, L. R. (2012) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1211658109 · Cited by 5,086
Self-citation
Location and Land Use: Toward a General Theory of Land Rent
Alonso, W. (1964) · Cited by 3,820
Location and Land Use
Alonso, W. (1964) · Harvard University Press eBooks · doi:10.4159/harvard.9780674730854 · Cited by 3,673
A Meta-Analysis of Global Urban Land Expansion
Seto, K. C., Fragkias, M., Güneralp, B., & Reilly, M. K. (2011) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0023777 · Cited by 2,406
Self-citation
Environmental correlates of walking and cycling: Findings from the transportation, urban design, and planning literatures
Saelens, B. E., Sallis, J. F., & Frank, L. D. (2003) · Annals of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1207/s15324796abm2502_03 · Cited by 2,285
Sustainability and Cities: Overcoming Automobile Dependence
Newman, P. W. G., & Kenworthy, J. R. (1999) · Cited by 2,069
Neighborhood-based differences in physical activity: an environment scale evaluation
Saelens, B. E., Sallis, J. F., Black, J. B., & Chen, D. (2003) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.93.9.1552 · Cited by 1,954
The New Palgrave dictionary of economics
(2008) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.46-0666 · Cited by 1,677
Carbon lock-in: types, causes, and policy implications
Seto, K. C., Davis, S. J., Mitchell, R. B., Stokes, E. C., Unruh, G., & Ürge-Vorsatz, D. (2016) · Annual Review of Environment and Resources · doi:10.1146/annurev-environ-110615-085934 · Cited by 1,346

Show all 46 references

Research works printed but not linked: 4

S Salat, F Labbé, C Nowacki, G Walker Cities and Forms: On Sustainable Urbanism (Hermann, Paris, 2011).
; LSE/EIFER Cities and Energy: Urban Morphology and Heat Energy Demand London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE)—Cities and the European Institute for Energy Research (EIFER, London, 2014).
L Clarke, CCSP Synthesis and Assessment Product 2.1, Part A: Scenarios of Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Atmospheric Concentrations (US Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 2007).
D Ürge-Vorsatz, Best Practice Policies for Low Carbon & Energy Buildings Based on Scenario Analysis Center for Climate Change and Sustainable Energy Policy (3CSEP) and Global Buildings Performance Network (Global Buildings Performance Network, Paris, 2012).

Sorted by citations

Items 201–300 of 543

A flexible framework for built-up height mapping using ICESat-2 photons and multisource satellite observations
Tang, X., Yu, G., Li, X., Taubenböck, H., Hu, G., Zhou, Y., Peng, C., Liu, D., Huang, J., Liu, X., et al. (2024) · Remote Sensing of Environment · doi:10.1016/j.rse.2024.114572 · Cited by 23
Self-citation
Characterizing dynamics of built-up height in China from 2005 to 2020 based on GEDI, Landsat, and PALSAR data
Chen, P., Huang, H., Qin, P., Liu, X., Wu, Z., Zhao, F., Liu, C., Wang, J., Li, Z., Cheng, X. Y., et al. (2025) · Remote Sensing of Environment · doi:10.1016/j.rse.2025.114776 · Cited by 23
Global land and carbon consequences of mass timber products
Lan, K., Favero, A., Yao, Y., Mendelsohn, R. O., & Wang, S.-H. (2025) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-025-60245-y · Cited by 26
Revealing building operating carbon dynamics for multiple cities
Yap, W., Wu, A. N., Miller, C. C., & Biljecki, F. (2025) · Nature Sustainability · doi:10.1038/s41893-025-01615-8 · Cited by 23
Establishment and Social Impacts of the Red Imported Fire Ant, Solenopsis invicta, (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in Taiwan
Liu, Y., Huang, S.-A., Lin, I.-L., Lin, C., Lai, H.-K., Yang, C.-H., & Huang, R. (2021) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph18105055 · Cited by 23
The agglomeration and dispersion dichotomy of human settlements on Earth
Strano, E., Simini, F., Nadai, M. D., Esch, T., & Marconcini, M. (2021) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-021-02743-9 · Cited by 28
Using land cover, population, and night light data to assess urban expansion in Kimberley, South Africa
Kabanda, T. H. (2022) · South African Geographical Journal · doi:10.1080/03736245.2022.2028667 · Cited by 23
Quantifying the drivers of CO2 emissions across Canadian communities using quantile regression
Boyce, S., & He, F. (2023) · Environmental Impact Assessment Review · doi:10.1016/j.eiar.2023.107144 · Cited by 24
A Hierarchical Multilevel Approach in Assessing Factors Explaining Country-Level Climate Change Vulnerability
Halkos, G., Skouloudis, A., Malesios, C., & Jones, N. (2020) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su12114438 · Cited by 23
Long term, cross-country effects of buildings insulation policies
Edelenbosch, O. Y., Rovelli, D., Levesque, A., Marangoni, G., & Tavoni, M. (2021) · Technological Forecasting and Social Change · doi:10.1016/j.techfore.2021.120887 · Cited by 22
The effects of climate change-induced cooling demand on power grids
Kapeller, R., Bügelmayer‐Blaschek, M., Herndler, B., Kranzl, L., Müller, A., Moser, S., Natiesta, T., Reichl, J., & Schwalbe, R. (2023) · Energy Reports · doi:10.1016/j.egyr.2023.07.028 · Cited by 22
Are the later-urbanized regions more energy-efficient in the building sector? Evidence from the difference-in-differences model
Chen, H., Cao, R., Yuan, T., Huo, T., & Cai, W. (2022) · Journal of Cleaner Production · doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.135644 · Cited by 22
Representation and evolution of urban weather boundary conditions in downtown Chicago
Jain, R., Luo, X., Sever, G., Hong, T., & Catlett, C. (2018) · Journal of Building Performance Simulation · doi:10.1080/19401493.2018.1534275 · Cited by 22
Recent progress in indoor CO2 capture for urban decarbonization
Shen, Y., Wang, Q., Lin, L., & Yang, H. (2024) · Nature Cities · doi:10.1038/s44284-024-00094-w · Cited by 22
Enhanced hydrogen gas production from mixture of beer spent grains (BSG) and distiller's grains (DG) with glycerol by Escherichia coli
Mirzoyan, S., Toleugazykyzy, A., Bekbayev, K., Trchоunian, A., & Trchounian, K. A. (2020) · International Journal of Hydrogen Energy · doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2020.04.207 · Cited by 21
A Data-driven Approach for Sustainable Building Retrofit—A Case Study of Different Climate Zones in China
He, Q. D., Ng, S. T., Hossain, M. U., & Augenbroe, G. (2020) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su12114726 · Cited by 21
Density and morphology: from the building scale to the city scale
Godoy-Shimizu, D., Steadman, P., & Evans, S. (2021) · Buildings and Cities · doi:10.5334/bc.83 · Cited by 21
A systematic literature review on the decarbonisation of the building sector—a case for Nigeria
Abam, F. I., Nwachukwu, C. O., Emodi, N. V., Okereke, C., Diemuodeke, O. E., Owolabi, A. B., Owebor, K., Suh, D., & Huh, J.-S. (2023) · Frontiers in Energy Research · doi:10.3389/fenrg.2023.1253825 · Cited by 26
Enhancing Urban Climate‐Energy Modeling in the Community Earth System Model (CESM) Through Explicit Representation of Urban Air‐Conditioning Adoption
Li, X. ‘., Zhao, L., Oleson, K. W., Zhou, Y., Qin, Y., Zhang, K., & Fang, B. (2024) · Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems · doi:10.1029/2023ms004107 · Cited by 26
Self-citation
Spatiotemporal Evolution of Urban Expansion Using Landsat Time Series Data and Assessment of Its Influences on Forests
Zhang, M., Du, H., Mao, F., Zhou, G., Li, X., Dong, L., Zheng, J., Zhu, D., Liu, H., Huang, Z., et al. (2020) · ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information · doi:10.3390/ijgi9020064 · Cited by 21
Self-citation
Evaluation of the urban heat island over Abha-Khamis Mushait tourist resort due to rapid urbanisation in Asir, Saudi Arabia
Arshad, M., Khedher, K. M., Eid, E. M., & Aina, Y. A. (2021) · Urban Climate · doi:10.1016/j.uclim.2021.100772 · Cited by 21
Evaluating inequality divides in urban development intensity between the Global North and South
Chen, L., Chen, M., Zhang, X., & Xian, Y. (2024) · Land Use Policy · doi:10.1016/j.landusepol.2024.107291 · Cited by 20
Bridging the gap: Enhancing mitigation ambition and action at G20 level and globally
United Nations Environment Programme (2019) · The emissions gap report · doi:10.18356/9789210022262c008 · Cited by 22
Supporting Decision Making for Building Decarbonization: Developing Surrogate Models for Multi-Criteria Building Retrofitting Analysis
Saad, M. M., Menon, R. P., & Eicker, U. (2023) · Energies · doi:10.3390/en16166030 · Cited by 20
Optimizing solar access and density in Tel Aviv: Benchmarking multi-objective optimization algorithms
Wortmann, T., & Natanian, J. (2021) · Journal of Physics Conference Series · doi:10.1088/1742-6596/2042/1/012066 · Cited by 20
Adaptation strategies for urban warming: Assessing the impacts of heat waves on cooling capabilities in Chongqing, China
Liu, X., Tian, G., Feng, J., Hou, H., & Ma, B. (2022) · Urban Climate · doi:10.1016/j.uclim.2022.101269 · Cited by 19
Exploring urban building space provision and inequality: A three-dimensional perspective on Chinese cities toward sustainable development goals
Wu, X., Xu, X., Chen, G., Liao, W., & Liu, X. (2024) · Sustainable Cities and Society · doi:10.1016/j.scs.2024.105202 · Cited by 19
The influence of façade colour, glazing area and geometric configuration of urban canyon on the spectral characteristics of daylight
Šprah, N., Potočnik, J., & Košir, M. (2024) · Building and Environment · doi:10.1016/j.buildenv.2024.111214 · Cited by 21
Spatiotemporal variability of land surface temperature in north-western Ethiopia
Bayable, G., & Alemu, G. Y. (2021) · Environmental Science and Pollution Research · doi:10.1007/s11356-021-15763-9 · Cited by 19
Mutual effects of fine particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide, and fireworks on cause-specific acute cardiovascular mortality: A case-crossover study in communities affected by aircraft noise
Saucy, A., de Hoogh, K., Vienneau, D., Tangermann, L., Schäffer, B., Wunderli, J. M., Probst-Hensch, N. M., & Röösli, M. (2021) · Environmental Pollution · doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118066 · Cited by 18
Modeling gridded urban fractional change using the temporal context information in the urban cellular automata model
He, W., Li, X., Zhou, Y., Liu, X., Gong, P., Hu, T., Yin, P., Huang, J., Yang, J., Miao, S., et al. (2022) · Cities · doi:10.1016/j.cities.2022.104146 · Cited by 18
Self-citation
SCA-Net: Multiscale Contextual Information Network for Building Extraction Based on High-Resolution Remote Sensing Images
Wang, Y., Zhao, Q., Wu, Y., Tian, W., & Zhang, G. (2023) · Remote Sensing · doi:10.3390/rs15184466 · Cited by 18
Navigating the transition: Modelling the path for net-zero European building sector
Chatterjee, S., Molnár, G., Kiss, B., Topál, D., & Ürge-Vorsatz, D. (2024) · Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.rser.2024.114827 · Cited by 16
Self-citation
Governing Urban Sustainability Transformations
Burch, S. L., Hughes, S. M., Romero‐Lankao, P., & Schroeder, H. (2018) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781316647554.017 · Cited by 23
Climate Change Mitigation Perspectives from Sub-Saharan Africa: The Technical Pathways to Deep Decarbonization at the City Level
Akomolafe, B., Clarke, A. C., & Ayambire, R. A. (2024) · Atmosphere · doi:10.3390/atmos15101190 · Cited by 18
Technological innovations in urbanization and land surface temperature analysis: A remote sensing and machine learning case study of Delhi
Hằng, H. T., & Alshayeb, M. J. (2025) · Environmental Technology & Innovation · doi:10.1016/j.eti.2025.104164 · Cited by 17
Impact of urban density on human well-being and sustainable development in Delhi, India
Avtar, R., Ahmad, S., Rahman, M. M., Alsulamy, S. H., Meraj, G., Sethi, M., Singh, C. K., & Kharrazi, A. (2025) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-025-16033-1 · Cited by 17
Predicting U.S. Residential Building Energy Use and Indoor Pollutant Exposures in the Mid-21st Century
Fazli, T., Dong, X., Fu, J. S., & Stephens, B. (2021) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/acs.est.0c06308 · Cited by 17
Exploring Built-Up Indices and Machine Learning Regressions for Multi-Temporal Building Density Monitoring Based on Landsat Series
Suharyadi, R., Umarhadi, D. A., Awanda, D., & Widyatmanti, W. (2022) · Sensors · doi:10.3390/s22134716 · Cited by 17
Investigating the reliability of building energy models: Comparative analysis of the impact of data pipelines and model complexities
Saad, M. M., & Eicker, U. (2023) · Journal of Building Engineering · doi:10.1016/j.jobe.2023.106511 · Cited by 17
Spatially heterogeneous effect of temperature on electricity consumption in Shenzhen, China
Cao, J., Zhou, W., Wang, W., Pan, X., Jing, C., & Qian, Y. (2023) · Building and Environment · doi:10.1016/j.buildenv.2023.110468 · Cited by 17
Vehicle efficiency improvements, urban form, and energy use impacts
Zhu, Q., & Leibowicz, B. D. (2019) · Cities · doi:10.1016/j.cities.2019.102486 · Cited by 17
Iterative ‘what-if’ neighborhood simulation: energy and emissions impacts
Salter, J., Lu, Y., Kim, J., Kellett, R., Girling, C., Inomata, F., & Krahn, A. (2020) · Buildings and Cities · doi:10.5334/bc.51 · Cited by 17
Dynamic calculation method of vibration response of building blasting based on differential equation
Fan, C., & Ge, J.-F. (2020) · Environmental Technology & Innovation · doi:10.1016/j.eti.2020.101178 · Cited by 17
A classification approach for urban metabolism using the CART model and its application in China
Xu, L., Du, H., & Zhang, X. (2021) · Ecological Indicators · doi:10.1016/j.ecolind.2021.107345 · Cited by 17
Diverse paradigms of residential development inform water use and drought-related conservation behavior
Quesnel, K. J., Agrawal, S., & Ajami, N. (2020) · Environmental Research Letters · doi:10.1088/1748-9326/abb7ae · Cited by 17
Assessment of CO2 Emissions by Replacing an Ordinary Reinforced Concrete Slab with the Void Slab System in a High-Rise Commercial Residential Complex Building in South Korea
Paik, I., Na, S., & Yoon, S. (2018) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su11010082 · Cited by 18
Global and regional estimation and evaluation of suitable roof area for solar and green roof applications
Ürge-Vorsatz, D., Chatterjee, S., Cabeza, L. F., & Molnár, G. (2025) · Developments in the Built Environment · doi:10.1016/j.dibe.2025.100607 · Cited by 16
Self-citation
Role of HVAC in building energy consumption: a critical review
Cuce, P. M., & Cüce, E. (2026) · Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry · doi:10.1007/s10973-026-15322-9 · Cited by 16
Housing policies and energy efficiency spillovers in low and moderate income communities
Asensio, O. I., Churkina, O., Rafter, B. D., & O’Hare, K. E. (2024) · Nature Sustainability · doi:10.1038/s41893-024-01314-w · Cited by 16
Heat Generated Using Luminescent Solar Concentrators for Building Energy Applications
Daigle, Q., & O’Brien, P. G. (2020) · Energies · doi:10.3390/en13215574 · Cited by 16
Measuring three-dimension urban expansion using multi-source data and change detection algorithm: A case study of Shanghai
Xiao, W., Ruan, L., Wang, K., Xu, S., Yue, W., He, T., Chen, W., Li, X., & Zhang, Y. (2024) · Cities · doi:10.1016/j.cities.2024.105682 · Cited by 15
Self-citation
Integrating IoT and blockchain for smart urban energy management: enhancing sustainability through real-time monitoring and optimization
El-Hajj, M. I., Attar, A. E., & Mikati, A. (2025) · Cluster Computing · doi:10.1007/s10586-025-05677-3 · Cited by 15
The Land Use Pattern of National Capital Region Delhi Using Geo-informatics
Gupta, R. K. (2021) · Applied ecology and environmental sciences/Applied ecology and environmental science · doi:10.12691/aees-9-5-1 · Cited by 15
Wood in buildings: the right answer to the wrong question
Göswein, V., Arehart, J. H., Pittau, F., Pomponi, F., Lamb, S., Escamilla, E. B. B. Z., Freire, F. M. C. S., Silvestre, J. D., & Habert, G. (2022) · IOP Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science · doi:10.1088/1755-1315/1078/1/012067 · Cited by 15
Protecting heritage: Insights into effective flood management using green infrastructure in a highly urbanized environment
Borah, A., Bardhan, R., & Bhatia, U. (2023) · International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction · doi:10.1016/j.ijdrr.2023.104075 · Cited by 15
Utilizing Urban Living Laboratories for Social Innovation
Naumann, S., Davis, M., Moore, M., & McCormick, K. (2018) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781316647554.012 · Cited by 18
Rethinking Urban Sustainability and Resilience
Simon, D., Griffith, C. A., & Nagendra, H. (2018) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781316647554.009 · Cited by 16
The Topodiverse City: Urban Form for Subjective Well-Being
Samuelsson, K. (2021) · Frontiers in Built Environment · doi:10.3389/fbuil.2021.735221 · Cited by 17
Mapping and evaluating sustainable and unsustainable urban areas for ecological management towards achieving low-carbon city: an empirical study of Asir Region, Saudi Arabia
Alqadhi, S. D., Bindajam, A. A., Mallick, J., Shahfahad, Rahman, A., & Talukdar, S. (2023) · Environmental Science and Pollution Research · doi:10.1007/s11356-023-27129-4 · Cited by 15
Situating Knowledge and Action for an Urban Planet
Parnell, S. M., Elmqvist, T., McPhearson, T., Nagendra, H., & Sörlin, S. (2018) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781316647554.002 · Cited by 20
Impact of Climate Change and Technological Innovation on the Energy Performance and Built form of Future Cities
Ahmadian, E., Bingham, C. M., Elnokaly, A., Sodagar, B., & Verhaert, I. (2022) · Energies · doi:10.3390/en15228592 · Cited by 14
Price elasticity of CO2 emissions in China: A machine learning approach
Lei, H., Xue, M., Liu, H., & Ye, J. (2023) · Sustainable Production and Consumption · doi:10.1016/j.spc.2023.01.005 · Cited by 14
Spatial-Temporal analysis of urban environmental variables using building height features
Kakooei, M., & Baleghi, Y. (2023) · Urban Climate · doi:10.1016/j.uclim.2023.101736 · Cited by 14
Integrating physical model-based features and spatial contextual information to estimate building height in complex urban areas
Dong, B., Zheng, Q., Lin, Y., Chen, B., Ye, Z., Huang, C., Tong, C., Li, S., Deng, J., & Wang, K. (2023) · International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation · doi:10.1016/j.jag.2023.103625 · Cited by 14
Spatial and temporal correlation between green space landscape pattern and carbon emission—Three major coastal urban agglomerations in China
Wang, X., Li, Z., & Kee, T. (2024) · Urban Climate · doi:10.1016/j.uclim.2024.102222 · Cited by 14
Decarbonisation Pathways for Buildings
Chatterjee, S., Kiss, B., Ürge-Vorsatz, D., & Teske, S. (2022) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-99177-7_7 · Cited by 16
Self-citation
A framework for analyzing energy consumption in urban built-up areas based on single photonic radar and spatial big data
Wang, X., Tan, Y., Zhou, G., Jing, G., & Francis, E. J. (2023) · Energy · doi:10.1016/j.energy.2023.130202 · Cited by 13
Thirty years of 3-D urbanization in the Yangtze River Delta, China
Yin, C., Chen, R., Xiao, X., de Voorde, T. V., Qin, Y., Guo, X., Meng, F., Pan, L., Yao, Y., & Li, Y. (2024) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174909 · Cited by 13
Retrofitting High-Rise Residential Building in Cold and Severe Cold Zones of China—A Deterministic Decision-Making Mechanism
He, Q. D., Hossain, M. U., Ng, S. T., & Augenbroe, G. (2020) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su12145831 · Cited by 13
Sustainable alternative futures for urban India: the resource, energy, and emissions implications of urban form scenarios
Kumar, P., Natarajan, R., & Ashok, K. (2021) · Environmental Research Infrastructure and Sustainability · doi:10.1088/2634-4505/ac048e · Cited by 13
Assessing the Sustainability Related Concepts of Urban Development Plans in Eastern Europe: A Case Study of Romania
Erős, N., Török, Z., Hossu, C.-A., Réti, K., Malos, C. V., Kecskes, P., Morariu, S.-D., Benedek, J., & Hartel, T. (2022) · Sustainable Cities and Society · doi:10.1016/j.scs.2022.104070 · Cited by 13
INDICATOR ENGINEERING FOR LAND TAKE CONTROL AND SETTLEMENT SUSTAINABILITY
Fiorini, L., Zullo, F., Marucci, A., & Romano, B. (2018) · WIT transactions on ecology and the environment · doi:10.2495/sdp180391 · Cited by 13
Sustainability Transformation Emerging from Better Governance
Romero‐Lankao, P., Frantzeskaki, N., & Griffith, C. A. (2018) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781316647554.015 · Cited by 15
Structural Characteristics and Influencing Factors of Carbon Emission Spatial Association Network: A Case Study of Yangtze River Delta City Cluster, China
Xi, B., Sun, R., Hu, D., Shi, H., & Zhang, H. (2024) · Chinese Geographical Science · doi:10.1007/s11769-024-1435-8 · Cited by 12
Integrating Spatiotemporal Analysis of Land Transformation and Urban Growth in Peshawar Valley and Its Implications on Temperature in Response to Climate Change
Hussain, M. F., Meng, X., Shah, S. F., & Hussain, M. N. (2024) · ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information · doi:10.3390/ijgi13070239 · Cited by 12
Transforming urban energy: developments and challenges in photovoltaic integration
Schmid, C., Ndalloka, Z. N., & Kośny, J. (2025) · Frontiers in Sustainable Cities · doi:10.3389/frsc.2025.1584917 · Cited by 12
Low Energy Architecture and Low Carbon Cities: Exploring Links, Scales, and Environmental Impacts
Pomponi, F., & D’Amico, B. (2020) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su12219189 · Cited by 12
Characteristic analysis and integration method of urban planning data based on GIS of internet of things
Li, J., & Wang, Y. (2022) · Sustainable Computing Informatics and Systems · doi:10.1016/j.suscom.2022.100801 · Cited by 12
Prediction of Urban Thermal Environment Based on Multi-Dimensional Nature and Urban Form Factors
Wang, Y., Liang, Z., Ding, J., Shen, J., Wei, F., & Li, S. (2022) · Atmosphere · doi:10.3390/atmos13091493 · Cited by 13
Switched reluctance motor design for electric vehicles based on harmonics and back EMF analysis
Bukhari, S. A. A. S., Alalibo, B. P., Cao, W., Lin, Z., Shaikh, S. H., Soomro, T. A., Ansari, S. H., & Jandan, F. A. (2019) · The Journal of Engineering · doi:10.1049/joe.2018.8194 · Cited by 12
Context-aware Urban Energy Analytics (CUE-A): A framework to model relationships between building energy use and spatial proximity of urban systems
Shivaram, R., Yang, Z., & Jain, R. K. (2021) · Sustainable Cities and Society · doi:10.1016/j.scs.2021.102978 · Cited by 12
Understanding, Implementing, and Tracking Urban Metabolism Is Key to Urban Futures
Chávez, A., Kennedy, C., Chen, B., Chertow, M. R., Baynes, T., Chen, S., & Bai, X. (2018) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781316647554.005 · Cited by 12
Accelerating widespread adoption of direct air capture based on system perspective: Thermodynamic limits, geographical deployment, and clean energy integration
Li, C., Deng, S., Cao, X. E., & Li, S. (2026) · Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.rser.2026.116702 · Cited by 11
Thermal environment disparities and adaptive mechanisms in wintertime cold coastal cities: An empirical study based on Local Climate Zones
Xu, S., Guo, F., Zhu, P., ShiYu, M., WeiSi, L., Zhao, J. L., Xinyu, X., HongChi, Z., & Jing, D. (2025) · Sustainable Cities and Society · doi:10.1016/j.scs.2025.106605 · Cited by 11
Semi-Transparent Building Integrated Photovoltaic Solar Glazing: Investigations of Electrical and Optical Performances for Window Applications in Tropical Region
Joseph, B., Kichonge, B., & Pogrebnaya, T. P. (2019) · Journal of Energy · doi:10.1155/2019/6096481 · Cited by 11
Recreating African biophilic urbanism: the roles of millennials, native trees, and innovation labs in Nigeria
Barau, A. S., Kafi, K. M., Sodangi, A. B., & Usman, S. G. (2020) · Cities & Health · doi:10.1080/23748834.2020.1763892 · Cited by 15
New Integrated Urban Knowledge for the Cities We Want
Bai, X., Elmqvist, T., Frantzeskaki, N., McPhearson, T., Simon, D., Maddox, D., Watkins, M., Romero‐Lankao, P., Parnell, S. M., Griffith, C. A., et al. (2018) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781316647554.055 · Cited by 13
Semi-Transparent Water-Based Trombe Walls for Passive Air and Water Heating
Singh, H., & O’Brien, P. G. (2022) · Buildings · doi:10.3390/buildings12101632 · Cited by 11
Indicators for Measuring Urban Sustainability and Resilience
Gómez‐Álvarez, D., López-Moreno, E., Bilsky, E., Ochoa, K. B., & Lara, E. O. (2018) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781316647554.010 · Cited by 16
Global increases in built-up volume indicate more divergent and less dispersed urban expansion patterns
Li, Y., Zhong, X., Derudder, B., Hu, M., & Liu, X. (2026) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-026-69766-6 · Cited by 14
Characterizing annual dynamics of two- and three-dimensional urban structures and their impact on land surface temperature using dense time-series Landsat images
Liang, Y., Cao, S., Mo, Y., Du, M., & Wang, X. (2024) · International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation · doi:10.1016/j.jag.2024.104162 · Cited by 10
Life cycle assessment of emerging mass timber product: Cross-laminated bamboo
Wang, Y., & Lan, K. (2024) · Cleaner Environmental Systems · doi:10.1016/j.cesys.2024.100243 · Cited by 10
Integrated catchment and coastal management for resilient urban flood mitigation under climate change
Mukherjee, S., Kar, S., Bhattacharyya, T., & Feitelson, E. I. (2025) · Frontiers in Water · doi:10.3389/frwa.2025.1574309 · Cited by 10
Operational and embodied emissions associated with urban neighbourhood densification strategies
Allan, J., Eggimann, S., Wagner, M. J., Ho, Y. N., Züger, M., Schneider, U., & Orehounig, K. (2022) · Energy and Buildings · doi:10.1016/j.enbuild.2022.112482 · Cited by 10
Energy Sufficiency in the Household Sector of Lithuania and Hungary: The Case of Heated Floor Area
Bobinaitė, V., Konstantinavičiūtė, I., Galinis, A., Bartek-Lesi, M., Rácz, V. J., & Dézsi, B. (2022) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su142316162 · Cited by 11
Urban Concrete Forest: China’s 3D Urban Expansion over the Last Three Decades
Qiu, Y., Xu, S., Xiao, W., He, T., Lu, D., Ruan, L., & Wang, K. (2024) · Journal of Urban Planning and Development · doi:10.1061/jupddm.upeng-4753 · Cited by 9
Decarbonisation of the Basque Country residential stock by a holistic enviro-economic assessment of renovation strategies under the life cycle thinking for climate risk mitigation
Arbulu, M., Oregi, X., Etxepare, L., Olivares, A. F., & Srinivasan, R. S. (2024) · Sustainable Cities and Society · doi:10.1016/j.scs.2024.105963 · Cited by 11
Global urbanization benefits food security and nature restoration
Wang, S., Deng, O., Reis, S., Zhu, Y., Xu, J. M., & Gu, B. (2025) · Resources Conservation and Recycling · doi:10.1016/j.resconrec.2025.108174 · Cited by 10
Detecting Urban form Using Remote Sensing: Spatiotemporal Research Gaps for Sustainable Environment and Human Health
Chen, T. K., Prishchepov, A. V., & Sabel, C. E. (2023) · Atmosphere, earth, ocean & space · doi:10.1007/978-981-19-8765-6_10 · Cited by 9

Authors: Güneralp, B., Zhou, Y., Ürge-Vorsatz, D., Gupta, M., Yu, S., Patel, P. L., Fragkias, M., Li, X., & Seto, K. C.
Affiliations: Texas A&M University (US)
Iowa State University (US)
Centre for Climate Change and Sustainable Energy Policy, Central European University, 1051 Budapest, Hungary;
Central European University (AT)
Joint Global Change Research Institute (US)
Boise State University (US)
Yale University (US)
ORCID: Güneralp, Burak
Zhou, Yuyu
Yu, Sha
Patel, Pralit L.
Fragkias, Michail
Li, Xiaoma
Seto, Karen C.
Venue: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
Publisher: National Academy of Sciences
Published: 2017-01-09
Volume: 114
Issue: 34
Pages: 8945-8950
ISSN: 0027-8424 (ISSN-L)
1091-6490
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1606035114
PMC: PMC5576775
OpenAlex: W2570837382
Cited by: 543
References: 46
Citations by year: 2026: 52 · 2025: 65 · 2024: 57 · 2023: 47 · 2022: 75 · 2021: 58 · 2020: 56 · 2019: 39 · 2018: 82 · 2017: 11
FWCI: 48.05
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Licence: www.pnas.org/site/misc/userlicense.xhtml (vor, 181 d)
Locations: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences OpenIR (Chinese Academy of Sciences) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
OSTI OAI (U.S. Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information) (submittedVersion)
Greater South Information System
Funders: U.S. Department of Energy (DE-AC05-76RL01830)
Topics: Physical Sciences › Engineering › Building and Construction › Building Energy and Comfort Optimization
Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Integrated Energy Systems Optimization
Physical Sciences › Engineering › Building and Construction › Building energy efficiency and sustainability
Keywords: urban density, building energy consumption, urbanization, heating and cooling energy, energy scenarios, building retrofit, energy efficiency, urban form, climate change mitigation, China, Asia, developing cities

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Global scenarios of urban density and its impacts on building energy use through 2050

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Self-check

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks