Cited by 188Treatment of Major DepressionNeuroscience and Neuropharmacology ResearchNeurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior

Activity-dependent brain-derived neurotrophic factor signaling is required for the antidepressant actions of (2 R ,6 R )-hydroxynorketamine

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Fukumoto, Kenichi, Fogaça, Manoela V., Liu, Rong-Jian, Duman, Catharine, Kato, Taro, Li, Xiao-Yuan, Duman, Ronald S.·2019·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences

Abstract

Significance: A metabolite of ketamine, (2 R ,6 R )-hydroxynorketamine [(2 R ,6 R )-HNK], produces rapid and sustained antidepressant effects in animal models but without the side effects of ketamine. Notably, (2 R ,6 R )-HNK does not block the NMDA receptor, the primary target of ketamine. Here, we demonstrate that the antidepressant effects of (2 R ,6 R )-HNK require activity dependent release of BDNF that is mediated by stimulation of voltage-dependent Ca 2+ channels. Importantly, increased BDNF release leads to activation of downstream TrkB and mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 signaling that increases synaptic function of pyramidal neurons in the medial prefrontal cortex. Stimulation of BDNF release and increased synaptic function block or reverse the detrimental effects of stress and depression and thereby underlie the antidepressant actions of (2 R ,6 R )-HNK.

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Crossref · 10.1073/pnas.1814709116

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  • Hydroxynorketamine (HNK) rapidly induces synaptogenesis and antidepressant-like effects without psychotomimetic effects in animal models.

    “hydroxynorketamine (HNK - a metabolite of ketamine which rapidly induces synaptogenesis and antidepressant-like effects without psychotomimetic effects in animal models) 44”

    From Imaging the effect of ketamine on synaptic density (SV2A) in the living brain (2022) · cites this paper as [44]

    The Introduction and Discussion describe (2R,6R)-HNK as a ketamine metabolite with rapid antidepressant effects in rodent models and without ketamine’s side-effect profile. But the paper does not establish rapid synaptogenesis: the Results report increased synaptic function without an increase in spine density, and the Discussion says a synaptogenic response may be absent or below detection. The claim therefore overstates the synaptogenesis finding. (LLM, conf=0.90)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
  • (2R,6R)-HNK at 30 mg/kg intraperitoneally produced antidepressant-like effects in mice in the forced swim test and female urine sniffing test 24 hours after treatment.

    “(2R,6R)-HNK (30 mg/kg i.p.) produced antidepressant-like effects in mice tested in the forced swim test and female urine sniffing test 24 hours post-treatment”

    From Mechanisms of ketamine and its metabolites as antidepressants (2022) · cites this paper as Fukumoto et al., 2019

  • The effects of (2R,6R)-HNK in the forced swim test and novelty suppressed feeding test were blocked in mice carrying the BDNF Val66Met allele, including heterozygous Val/Met and homozygous Met/Met mice.

    “The effects of (2R,6R)-HNK in the forced swim test and novelty suppressed feeding were blocked in mice containing the BDNF Val66Met allele (heterozygous Val/Met and homozygous Met/Met mice) (Fukumoto et al., 2019).”

    From Mechanisms of ketamine and its metabolites as antidepressants (2022) · cites this paper as Fukumoto et al., 2019

  • The literature on the antidepressant effects of 2R,6R-HNK is controversial, with several contradictory reports.

    “However, the literature on the antidepressant effects of 2R,6R-HNK is controversial, with several contradictory reports.41,48–52”
  • mTORC1 signaling is necessary and may be sufficient to produce rapid synaptic and antidepressant behavioral responses.

    “These studies indicate that mTORC1 signaling is necessary and may be sufficient to produce rapid synaptic and antidepressant behavioral responses.”

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Authors
Fukumoto, K., Fogaça, M. V., Liu, R.-J., Duman, C., Kato, T., Li, X.-Y., & Duman, R. S.
Affiliations
  • Taisho Pharmaceutical (Japan) (JP)
  • Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520;
  • Yale University (US)
  • Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma (Japan) (JP)
Corresponding author
Duman, Ronald S.
Venue
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
Published
2018-12-17
Volume
116
Issue
1
Pages
297-302
ISSN
  • 0027-8424 (ISSN-L)
  • 1091-6490
OpenAlex
W2903713826
Cited by
188
References
59
Citations by year
2026: 14 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 22 · 2023: 22 · 2022: 32 · 2021: 37 · 2020: 24 · 2019: 24
FWCI
13.71
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
HHS | NIH | National Institute of Mental Health (MH093897, MH105910)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Treatment of Major Depression
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
Keywords
(2R,6R)-hydroxynorketamine, ketamine metabolites, antidepressant effects, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, voltage-gated calcium channels, TrkB signaling, mTORC1 signaling, medial prefrontal cortex, pyramidal neurons, synaptic function, stress and depression, depression
MeSH terms
Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin Complex 1, Animals, Antidepressive Agents, Cells, Cultured, Depression, Disease Models, Animal, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Ketamine, Synaptic Transmission, Neurons, Signal Transduction, Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor

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