GLYX-13, a NMDA Receptor Glycine-Site Functional Partial Agonist, Induces Antidepressant-Like Effects Without Ketamine-Like Side Effects

Burgdorf, Jeffrey; Zhang, Xiao-lei; Nicholson, Katherine L; Balster, Robert L; David Leander, J; Stanton, Patric K; Gross, Amanda L; Kroes, Roger A; Moskal, Joseph R

doi:10.1038/npp.2012.246

Cited by 284Treatment of Major DepressionNeuroscience and Neuropharmacology ResearchNeurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior

GLYX-13, a NMDA Receptor Glycine-Site Functional Partial Agonist, Induces Antidepressant-Like Effects Without Ketamine-Like Side Effects

Open access

Burgdorf, Jeffrey, Zhang, Xiao-lei, Nicholson, Katherine L, Balster, Robert L, David Leander, J, Stanton, Patric K, Gross, Amanda L, Kroes, Roger A +1 more·2013·Neuropsychopharmacology

DOI 10.1038/npp.2012.246PMC PMC3671991

Open this paper in CoChat — free account Open PDF

Abstract

Recent human clinical studies with the NMDA receptor (NMDAR) antagonist ketamine have revealed profound and long-lasting antidepressant effects with rapid onset in several clinical trials, but antidepressant effects were preceded by dissociative side effects. Here we show that GLYX-13, a novel NMDAR glycine-site functional partial agonist, produces an antidepressant-like effect in the Porsolt, novelty induced hypophagia, and learned helplessness tests in rats without exhibiting substance abuse-related, gating, and sedative side effects of ketamine in the drug discrimination, conditioned place preference, pre-pulse inhibition and open-field tests. Like ketamine, the GLYX-13-induced antidepressant-like effects required AMPA/kainate receptor activation, as evidenced by the ability of NBQX to abolish the antidepressant-like effect. Both GLYX-13 and ketamine persistently (24 h) enhanced the induction of long-term potentiation of synaptic transmission and the magnitude of NMDAR-NR2B conductance at rat Schaffer collateral-CA1 synapses in vitro. Cell surface biotinylation studies showed that both GLYX-13 and ketamine led to increases in both NR2B and GluR1 protein levels, as measured by Western analysis, whereas no changes were seen in mRNA expression (microarray and qRT-PCR). GLYX-13, unlike ketamine, produced its antidepressant-like effect when injected directly into the medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC). These results suggest that GLYX-13 produces an antidepressant-like effect without the side effects seen with ketamine at least in part by directly modulating NR2B-containing NMDARs in the MPFC. Furthermore, the enhancement of 'metaplasticity' by both GLYX-13 and ketamine may help explain the long-lasting antidepressant effects of these NMDAR modulators. GLYX-13 is currently in a Phase II clinical development program for treatment-resistant depression.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1038/npp.2012.246

Cites

84 of 84 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

In several studies, a single dose of ketamine reduced immobility in the forced swim test immediately after injection and had effects similar to those of an antidepressant.
“In several studies, a single dose of ketamine reduced immobility in the forced swim test immediately after injection and had effects similar to those of an antidepressant. 482 , 483”
From Major depressive disorder: hypothesis, mechanism, prevention and treatment (2024) · cites this paper as [482]
The Porsolt Test methods describe a single ketamine dose given one hour before testing, and the Results report a significant ketamine-versus-vehicle difference alongside a fluoxetine positive control. This supports an acute antidepressant-like effect in the forced-swim test, but not testing immediately after injection or the claim that this paper reports the finding across several studies. (LLM, conf=0.86)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Rapastinel reverses synaptic plasticity deficits and exhibits antidepressant-like effects in rodent models.
“Of note, however, rapastinel, another drug that reverses synaptic plasticity deficits and exhibits antidepressant-like effects in rodent models 36,37 , has been studied in 3 clinical trials to date with relatively weak evidence for its efficacy 38 .”
From Neuroplasticity in cognitive and psychological mechanisms of depression: an integrative model (2020) · cites this paper as [37]
The Abstract reports antidepressant-like effects of GLYX-13 in rat tests, and the section on long-term potentiation reports enhanced hippocampal synaptic plasticity 24 hours after dosing (page numbers unavailable). The paper does not show that GLYX-13 reversed a pre-existing synaptic plasticity deficit; enhancement relative to vehicle does not establish reversal of a deficit. (LLM, conf=0.86)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Partial agonists at the NMDAR glycineB binding site, including GLYX-13 and D-cycloserine, manifest antidepressant effects in clinical trials and animal tests without sharing ketamine's NMDAR inhibition-mediated side effects.
“Another finding challenging the NMDAR inhibition hypothesis of ketamine’s antidepressant mechanism of action is the fact that partial agonists at the NMDAR glycineB binding site, including GLYX-13 (i.e., rapastinel) and D-cycloserine manifest antidepressant effects in clinical trials 104, 105 and in animal tests 106–109, without sharing ketamine’s NMDAR inhibition-mediated side effects 109.”
From Mechanisms of ketamine action as an antidepressant (2018) · cites this paper as [109]

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Prevalence, Severity, and Comorbidity of 12-Month DSM-IV Disorders in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication
Kessler, R. C., Chiu, W. T., Demler, O., & Walters, E. E. (2005) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.62.6.617 · Cited by 12,052 · see citing works
Projections of Global Mortality and Burden of Disease from 2002 to 2030
Mathers, C. D., & Loncar, D. (2006) · PLoS Medicine · doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.0030442 · Cited by 11,386 · see citing works
LTP and LTD
Malenka, R. C., & Bear, M. F. (2004) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2004.09.012 · Cited by 3,968 · see citing works
Evaluation of outcomes with citalopram for depression using measurement-based care in STAR*D: implications for clinical practice
Trivedi, M. H., Rush, A. J., Wisniewski, S. R., Nierenberg, A. A., Warden, D., Ritz, L., Norquist, G., Howland, R. H., Lebowitz, B., McGrath, P. J., et al. (2006) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.163.1.28 · Cited by 3,879 · see citing works
Antidepressant effects of ketamine in depressed patients
Berman, R. M., Cappiello, A., Anand, A., Oren, D. A., Heninger, G. R., Charney, D. S., & Krystal, J. H. (2000) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s0006-3223(99)00230-9 · Cited by 3,856 · see citing works
A randomized trial of an N-methyl-D-aspartate antagonist in treatment-resistant major depression.
Zarate, C. A., Singh, J. B., Carlson, P. J., Brutsche, N. E., Ameli, R., Luckenbaugh, D. A., Charney, D. S., & Manji, H. K. (2006) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.63.8.856 · Cited by 3,766 · see citing works
Glutamate Receptor Ion Channels: Structure, Regulation, and Function
Traynelis, S. F., Wollmuth, L. P., McBain, C. J., Menniti, F. S., Vance, K. M., Ogden, K. K., Hansen, K. B., Yuan, H., Myers, S. J., & Dingledine, R. (2010) · Pharmacological Reviews · doi:10.1124/pr.109.002451 · Cited by 3,568 · see citing works
Subanesthetic Effects of the Noncompetitive NMDA Antagonist, Ketamine, in Humans: Psychotomimetic, Perceptual, Cognitive, and Neuroendocrine Responses
Krystal, J. H. (1994) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1994.03950030035004 · Cited by 3,330 · see citing works
mTOR-Dependent Synapse Formation Underlies the Rapid Antidepressant Effects of NMDA Antagonists
Li, N., Lee, B., Liu, R.-J., Banasr, M., Dwyer, J. M., Iwata, M., Li, X.-Y., Aghajanian, G., & Duman, R. S. (2010) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1190287 · Cited by 2,881 · see citing works
AMPA Receptor Trafficking and Synaptic Plasticity
Malinow, R., & Malenka, R. C. (2002) · Annual Review of Neuroscience · doi:10.1146/annurev.neuro.25.112701.142758 · Cited by 2,588 · see citing works
NMDA receptor blockade at rest triggers rapid behavioural antidepressant responses
Autry, A. E., Adachi, M., Nosyreva, E., Na, E. S., Los, M. F., Cheng, P.-F., Kavalali, E. T., & Monteggia, L. M. (2011) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature10130 · Cited by 1,926 · see citing works
The anticonvulsant MK-801 is a potent N-methyl-D-aspartate antagonist.
Wong, E. H. F., Kemp, J. A., Priestley, T., Knight, A. R., Woodruff, G. N., & Iversen, L. L. (1986) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.83.18.7104 · Cited by 1,820 · see citing works
Ketamine—its pharmacology and therapeutic uses
white, P. F., Way, W. L., & Trevor, A. J. (1982) · Anesthesiology · doi:10.1097/00000542-198202000-00007 · Cited by 1,474 · see citing works
Active behaviors in the rat forced swimming test differentially produced by serotonergic and noradrenergic antidepressants
Detke, M. J., Rickels, M. R., & Lucki, I. (1995) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/bf02245592 · Cited by 1,438 · see citing works
NEUROTROPHINS AND SYNAPTIC PLASTICITY
McAllister, A. K., Katz, L. C., & Lo, D. C. (1999) · Annual Review of Neuroscience · doi:10.1146/annurev.neuro.22.1.295 · Cited by 1,337 · see citing works
Rapid Spine Delivery and Redistribution of AMPA Receptors After Synaptic NMDA Receptor Activation
Shi, S.-H., Hayashi, Y., Petralia, R. S., Zaman, S. H., Wenthold, R. J., Svoboda, K., & Malinow, R. (1999) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.284.5421.1811 · Cited by 1,276 · see citing works
Amplified RNA synthesized from limited quantities of heterogeneous cDNA.
Gelder, R. N. V., von Zastrow, M., Yool, A., Dement, W. C., Barchas, J. D., & Eberwine, J. H. (1990) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.87.5.1663 · Cited by 1,262 · see citing works
Memantine for dementia
McShane, R., Areosa Sastre, A., & Minakaran, N. (2006) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd003154.pub5 · Cited by 1,155 · see citing works
Metaplasticity: tuning synapses and networks for plasticity
Abraham, W. C. (2008) · Nature reviews. Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn2356 · Cited by 1,119 · see citing works
Regulation of distinct AMPA receptor phosphorylation sites during bidirectional synaptic plasticity
Lee, H.-K., Barbarosie, M., Kameyama, K., Bear, M. F., & Huganir, R. L. (2000) · Nature · doi:10.1038/35016089 · Cited by 1,116 · see citing works
Cellular Mechanisms Underlying the Antidepressant Effects of Ketamine: Role of α-Amino-3-Hydroxy-5-Methylisoxazole-4-Propionic Acid Receptors
Maeng, S., Zarate, C. A., Du, J., Schloesser, R. J., McCammon, J., Chen, G., & Manji, H. K. (2008) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2007.05.028 · Cited by 1,103 · see citing works
A Randomized Add-on Trial of an N-methyl-D-aspartate Antagonist in Treatment-Resistant Bipolar Depression
Diazgranados, N., Ibrahim, L., Brutsche, N. E., Newberg, A., Kronstein, P., Khalife, S., Kammerer, W. A., Quezado, Z., Luckenbaugh, D. A., Salvadore, G., et al. (2010) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2010.90 · Cited by 963 · see citing works
Replication of Ketamine's Antidepressant Efficacy in Bipolar Depression: A Randomized Controlled Add-On Trial
Zarate, C. A., Brutsche, N. E., Ibrahim, L., Franco-Chaves, J., Diazgranados, N., Cravchik, A., Selter, J., Marquardt, C. A., Liberty, V., & Luckenbaugh, D. A. (2012) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2011.12.010 · Cited by 811 · see citing works
Regulation of AMPA receptors during synaptic plasticity
Song, I., & Huganir, R. L. (2002) · Trends in Neurosciences · doi:10.1016/s0166-2236(02)02270-1 · Cited by 777 · see citing works
A rapamycin-sensitive signaling pathway contributes to long-term synaptic plasticity in the hippocampus
Tang, S. J., Reis, G., Kang, H., Gingras, A.-C., Sonenberg, N., & Schuman, E. M. (2002) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.012605299 · Cited by 734 · see citing works
Safety and Efficacy of Repeated-Dose Intravenous Ketamine for Treatment-Resistant Depression
aan het Rot, M., Collins, K. A., Murrough, J. W., Perez, A. M., Reich, D. L., Charney, D. S., & Mathew, S. J. (2010) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2009.08.038 · Cited by 690 · see citing works
Glycine and N-Methyl-d-Aspartate Receptors: Physiological Significance and Possible Therapeutic Applications
Danysz, W., & Parsons, C. G. (1998) · Pharmacological Reviews · doi:10.1016/s0031-6997(24)01382-6 · Cited by 649 · see citing works
Effects of Intravenous Ketamine on Explicit and Implicit Measures of Suicidality in Treatment-Resistant Depression
Price, R. B., Nock, M. K., Charney, D. S., & Mathew, S. J. (2009) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2009.04.029 · Cited by 600 · see citing works
Rapid Resolution of Suicidal Ideation After a Single Infusion of an N -Methyl- <scp>D</scp> -Aspartate Antagonist in Patients With Treatment-Resistant Major Depressive Disorder
DiazGranados, N., Ibrahim, L. A., Brutsche, N. E., Ameli, R., Henter, I. D., Luckenbaugh, D. A., Machado-Vieira, R., & Zarate, C. A. (2010) · The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry · doi:10.4088/jcp.09m05327blu · Cited by 564 · see citing works
Measurement of brain uptake of radiolabeled substances using a tritiated water internal standard
Oldendorf, W. H. (1970) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0006-8993(70)90123-x · Cited by 550 · see citing works
A Placebo-Controlled Trial of D-Cycloserine Added to Conventional Neuroleptics in Patients With Schizophrenia
GOFF, D. C., Tsai, G. E., Levitt, J. J., AMICO, E. T., Manoach, D. S., Schoenfeld, D., Hayden, D. L., McCarley, R. W., & Coyle, J. T. (1999) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.56.1.21 · Cited by 436 · see citing works
Glycine binding primes NMDA receptor internalization
Nong, Y., Huang, Y.-Q., Ju, W., Kalia, L. V., Ahmadian, G., Wang, Y.-T., & Salter, M. (2003) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature01497 · Cited by 434 · see citing works
Effects of ketamine and n-methyl-d-aspartate on glutamate and dopamine release in the rat prefrontal cortex: modulation by a group II selective metabotropic glutamate receptor agonist LY379268
Lorrain, D. S., Baccei, C. S., Bristow, L. J., Anderson, J. J., & Varney, M. A. (2003) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/s0306-4522(02)00652-8 · Cited by 432 · see citing works
Recent advances in animal models of chronic antidepressant effects: The novelty-induced hypophagia test
Dulawa, S. C., & Hen, R. (2005) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2005.03.017 · Cited by 431 · see citing works
Reduced levels of NR2A and NR2B subunits of NMDA receptor and PSD-95 in the prefrontal cortex in major depression
Feyissa, A. M., Chandran, A., Stockmeier, C. A., & Karolewicz, B. (2009) · Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2008.10.005 · Cited by 421 · see citing works
The Influence of Prior Synaptic Activity on the Induction of Long-Term Potentiation
Huang, Y.-Y., Colino, A., Selig, D. K., & Malenka, R. C. (1992) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1346729 · Cited by 412 · see citing works
A Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study of Memantine in the Treatment of Major Depression
Zarate, C. A., Singh, J. B., Quiroz, J. A., De Jesus, G., Denicoff, K. K., Luckenbaugh, D. A., Manji, H. K., & Charney, D. S. (2006) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.163.1.153 · Cited by 387 · see citing works
Serotonergic mediation of the effects of fluoxetine, but not desipramine, in the rat forced swimming test
Page, M. E., Detke, M. J., Dalvi, A., Kirby, L. G., & Lucki, I. (1999) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s002130051156 · Cited by 385 · see citing works
Glutamate-based antidepressants: 20 years on
Skolnick, P., Popik, P., & Trullás, R. (2009) · Trends in Pharmacological Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tips.2009.09.002 · Cited by 382 · see citing works
Neurobiology of 50-kHz ultrasonic vocalizations in rats: Electrode mapping, lesion, and pharmacology studies
Burgdorf, J. S., Wood, P. L., Kroes, R. A., Moskal, J. R., & Panksepp, J. (2007) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2007.03.010 · Cited by 347 · see citing works
Self-citation
Adaptation of N-Methyl-D-Aspartate (NMDA) Receptors following Antidepressant Treatment: Implications for the Pharmacotherapy of Depression
Skolnick, P., Layer, R. T., Popik, P., Nowak, G., Paul, I. A., & Trullás, R. (1996) · Pharmacopsychiatry · doi:10.1055/s-2007-979537 · Cited by 344 · see citing works
Differential behavioral effects of the antidepressants reboxetine, fluoxetine, and moclobemide in a modified forced swim test following chronic treatment
Cryan, J. F., Page, M. E., & Lucki, I. (2005) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00213-005-0093-5 · Cited by 321 · see citing works
Nucleus accumbens amphetamine microinjections unconditionally elicit 50-kHz ultrasonic vocalizations in rats
Burgdorf, J., Knutson, B., Panksepp, J., & Ikemoto, S. (2001) · Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.1037/0735-7044.115.4.940 · Cited by 258 · see citing works
Self-citation
The role of glutamate in mood disorders: Results from the ketamine in major depression study and the presumed cellular mechanism underlying its antidepressant effects
Maeng, S., & Zarate, C. A. (2007) · Current Psychiatry Reports · doi:10.1007/s11920-007-0063-1 · Cited by 232 · see citing works
A comparison of the effects of diazepam versus several typical and atypical anti-depressant drugs in an animal model of anxiety
Bodnoff, S. R., Suranyi-Cadotte, B., Quirion, R., & Meaney, M. J. (1989) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/bf00442264 · Cited by 221 · see citing works
A Pilot Study of <scp>d</scp>-Cycloserine in Subjects With Autistic Disorder
Posey, D. J., Kem, D. L., Swiezy, N. B., Sweeten, T. L., Wiegand, R. E., & McDougle, C. J. (2004) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.161.11.2115 · Cited by 199 · see citing works
Metaplasticity at Single Glutamatergic Synapses
Lee, M.-C., Yasuda, R., & Ehlers, M. (2010) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2010.05.015 · Cited by 185 · see citing works
Hippocampus-dependent learning facilitated by a monoclonal antibody or D-cycloserine
Thompson, L. T., Moskal, J. R., & Disterhoft, J. F. (1992) · Nature · doi:10.1038/359638a0 · Cited by 182 · see citing works
Self-citation
Pilot controlled trial of d-serine for the treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder
Heresco‐Levy, U., Vass, Á., Bloch, B., Wolosker, H., Dumin, E., Balan, L., Deutsch, L., & Kremer, I. (2009) · The International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1017/s1461145709000339 · Cited by 171 · see citing works
The Role of the Tripartite Glutamatergic Synapse in the Pathophysiology and Therapeutics of Mood Disorders
Machado-Vieira, R., Manji, H. K., & Zarate, C. A. (2009) · The Neuroscientist · doi:10.1177/1073858409336093 · Cited by 171 · see citing works
Placebo-Controlled Trial of d -Cycloserine Added to Conventional Neuroleptics, Olanzapine, or Risperidone in Schizophrenia
Heresco‐Levy, U., Ermilov, M., Shimoni, J., Shapira, B., Silipo, G. S., & Javitt, D. C. (2002) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.159.3.480 · Cited by 167 · see citing works
Ketamine impairs recognition memory consolidation and prevents learning-induced increase in hippocampal brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels
Goulart, B. K., de Lima, M. N. M., de Farias, C. B., Reolon, G. K., de Almeida, V. R., Quevedo, J., Kapczinski, F. P., Schröder, N., & Roesler, R. (2010) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2010.03.032 · Cited by 157 · see citing works
Activity-Dependent Neurotrophic Factor: Intranasal Administration of Femtomolar-Acting Peptides Improve Performance in a Water Maze
Gozes, I., Giladi, E., Pinhasov, A., Bardea, A., & Brenneman, D. E. (2000) · Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics · doi:10.1016/s0022-3565(24)39336-x · Cited by 157 · see citing works
The Glutamate Receptors
Mc, A., Daw, M. I., & Isaac, J. (2008) · Humana Press eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-59745-055-3 · Cited by 147 · see citing works
Once-weekly D-cycloserine effects on negative symptoms and cognition in schizophrenia: an exploratory study
GOFF, D., CATHER, C., GOTTLIEB, J., EVINS, A., WALSH, J., RAEKE, L., OTTO, M., SCHOENFELD, D., & GREEN, M. (2008) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2008.08.012 · Cited by 144 · see citing works
Subunit specificity and mechanism of action of NMDA partial agonist d-cycloserine
Sheinin, A., Shavit, S., & Benveniste, M. (2001) · Neuropharmacology · doi:10.1016/s0028-3908(01)00073-9 · Cited by 136 · see citing works
Pilot-controlled trial of D-cycloserine for the treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder
Heresco-Levy, U., Kremer, I., Javitt, D. C., Goichman, R., Reshef, A., Blanaru, M., & Cohen, T. (2002) · The International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1017/s1461145702003061 · Cited by 134 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Neuropsychopharmacology a NMDAR glycine-site partial agonist, has been shown to have therapeutic potential in post-traumatic stress syndrome and schizophrenia but not reliably in depression (Goff et al, 1999; Heresco-Levy et al, 2002a, b, 2006).”
Background
A NMDA receptor glycine site partial agonist, GLYX-13, simultaneously enhances LTP and reduces LTD at Schaffer collateral–CA1 synapses in hippocampus
Zhang, X.-L., Sullivan, J. A., Moskal, J. R., & Stanton, P. K. (2008) · Neuropharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2008.08.018 · Cited by 107 · see citing works
Self-citation
Activity-dependent regulation of NR2B translation contributes to metaplasticity in mouse visual cortex
Chen, W. S., & Bear, M. F. (2006) · Neuropharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2006.07.003 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
Evaluation of rat ultrasonic vocalizations as predictors of the conditioned aversive effects of drugs
Burgdorf, J. S., Knutson, B. D., Panksepp, J., & Shippenberg, T. S. (2001) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s002130100685 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
Self-citation
The effects of selective breeding for differential rates of 50‐kHz ultrasonic vocalizations on emotional behavior in rats
Burgdorf, J. S., Panksepp, J., Brudzyński, S. M., Beinfeld, M. C., Cromwell, H. C., Kroes, R. A., & Moskal, J. R. (2008) · Developmental Psychobiology · doi:10.1002/dev.20343 · Cited by 101 · see citing works
Self-citation
Modeling depression: social dominance–submission gene expression patterns in rat neocortex
Kroes, R. A., Panksepp, J., Burgdorf, J. S., Otto, N. J., & Moskal, J. R. (2005) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2005.08.076 · Cited by 101 · see citing works
Self-citation
Differential effects of ketamine on gating of auditory evoked potentials and prepulse inhibition in rats
de Bruin, N. M. W. J., Ellenbroek, B. A., Cools, A. R., Coenen, A. M. L., & van Luijtelaar, E. L. J. M. (1999) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s002130050856 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
The N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor modulator GLYX-13 enhances learning and memory, in young adult and learning impaired aging rats
Burgdorf, J. S., Zhang, X.-L., Weiss, C., Matthews, E. A., Disterhoft, J. F., Stanton, P. K., & Moskal, J. R. (2009) · Neurobiology of Aging · doi:10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2009.04.012 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Self-citation
GLYX-13: A monoclonal antibody-derived peptide that acts as an N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor modulator
Moskal, J. R., Kuo, A. G., Weiss, C., Wood, P. L., Hanson, A. O., Kelso, S. R., Harris, R. B., & Disterhoft, J. F. (2005) · Neuropharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2005.06.006 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
Self-citation
Controlled trial of d-cycloserine adjuvant therapy for treatment-resistant major depressive disorder
Heresco-Levy, U., Javitt, D. C., Gelfin, Y., Gorelik, E., Bar, M., Blanaru, M., & Kremer, I. (2006) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2006.03.004 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
A novel NMDA receptor glycine-site partial agonist, GLYX-13, has therapeutic potential for the treatment of autism
Moskal, J. R., Burgdorf, J. S., Kroes, R. A., Brudzyński, S. M., & Panksepp, J. (2011) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2011.06.006 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Self-citation
Blockade of long-term potentiation by phencyclidine and σ opiates in the hippocampus in vivo and in vitro
Stringer, J. L., Greenfield, L. J., Hackett, J. T., & Guyenet, P. G. (1983) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0006-8993(83)91180-0 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Acute effects of memantine in combination with alcohol in moderate drinkers
Bisaga, A. M., & Evans, S. M. (2004) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00213-003-1617-5 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
An allosteric interaction between the NMDA receptor polyamine and ifenprodil sites in rat cultured cortical neurones
Kew, J. N. C., & Kemp, J. A. (1998) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1111/j.1469-7793.1998.017bf.x · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Uncovering the molecular basis of positive affect using rough-and-tumble play in rats: a role for insulin-like growth factor I
Burgdorf, J. S., Kroes, R. A., Beinfeld, M. C., Panksepp, J., & Moskal, J. R. (2010) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2010.03.045 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Self-citation
Differential effect of ketamine on the reference and working memory versions of the Morris water maze task.
Wesierska, M., Macias-Gonzalez, R., & Burešs, J. (1990) · Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.1037//0735-7044.104.1.74 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Positive emotional learning is regulated in the medial prefrontal cortex by GluN2B-containing NMDA receptors
Burgdorf, J. S., Kroes, R. A., Weiss, C., Oh, M. M., Disterhoft, J. F., Brudzyński, S. M., Panksepp, J., & Moskal, J. R. (2011) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2011.05.001 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Self-citation
Isoflurane Narcotherapy in Depressive Patients Refractory to Conventional Antidepressant Drug Treatment
Langer, G., Karazman, R., Neumark, J., Saletu, B., Schönbeck, G., Grünberger, J., Dittrich, R., Petricek, W., Hoffmann, P., Linzmayer, L., et al. (2008) · Neuropsychobiology · doi:10.1159/000119190 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Differential effect of ketamine on the reference and working memory versions of the Morris water maze task.
Wesierska, M., Macias-Gonzalez, R., & Burešs, J. (1990) · Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.1037/0735-7044.104.1.74 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Glycine‐Like Modulation of N‐Methyl‐ d ‐Aspartate Receptors by a Monoclonal Antibody That Enhances Long‐Term Potentiation
Haring, R., Stanton, P. K., Scheideler, M. A., & Moskal, J. R. (1991) · Journal of Neurochemistry · doi:10.1111/j.1471-4159.1991.tb02131.x · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Self-citation
Hippocampal synaptic metaplasticity requires the activation of NR2B-containing NMDA receptors
Yang, Q., Liao, Z.-H., Xiao, Y., et al. (2010) · Brain Research Bulletin · doi:10.1016/j.brainresbull.2010.12.009 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
The phencyclidine-like discriminative stimulus effects and reinforcing properties of the NR2B-selective N-methyl-D-aspartate antagonist CP-101 606 in rats and rhesus monkeys
Nicholson, K. L., Mansbach, R. S., Menniti, F. S., et al. (2007) · Behavioural Pharmacology · doi:10.1097/fbp.0b013e3282f14ed6 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Self-citation
The role of ketamine on plasma cocaine pharmacokinetics in rat
Rofael, H. Z., & Abdel‐Rahman, M. S. (2002) · Toxicology Letters · doi:10.1016/s0378-4274(02)00008-5 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Neuroprotection by a novel NMDAR functional glycine site partial agonist, GLYX-13
Stanton, P. K., Potter, P. E., Aguilar, J., Decandia, M., & Moskal, J. R. (2009) · Neuroreport · doi:10.1097/wnr.0b013e32832f5130 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Self-citation
The discriminative stimulus effects of N-methyl-d-aspartate glycine-site ligands in NMDA antagonist-trained rats
Nicholson, K. L., & Balster, R. L. (2009) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00213-009-1469-8 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Self-citation
Antinociceptive action of GLYX-13: an N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor glycine site partial agonist
Wood, P. L., Mahmood, S. A., & Moskal, J. R. (2008) · Neuroreport · doi:10.1097/wnr.0b013e32830435c9 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Self-citation
EVALUATION OF OUTCOMES
Cropley, A. J., & Dave, R. H. (1978) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-08-023008-5.50015-7 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
β-Estradiol unmasks metabotropic receptor-mediated metaplasticity of NMDA receptor transmission in the female rat dentate gyrus
Nebieridze, N., Zhang, X., Chachua, T., et al. (2012) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2012.03.023 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Self-citation

Flagged first, then by citations

Sorted by citations

Mechanisms of ketamine action as an antidepressant
Zanos, P., & Gould, T. D. (2018) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/mp.2017.255 · Cited by 1,127 · see citing works
Major depressive disorder: hypothesis, mechanism, prevention and treatment
Cui, L., Li, S., Wang, S., Wu, X., Liu, Y., Yu, W., Wang, Y., Tang, Y., Xia, M., & Li, B. (2024) · Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy · doi:10.1038/s41392-024-01738-y · Cited by 1,061 · see citing works
“482,483 The S-enantiomer of ketamine, esketamine, has been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for depression treatment.”
Background
Altered Connectivity in Depression: GABA and Glutamate Neurotransmitter Deficits and Reversal by Novel Treatments
Duman, R. S., Sanacora, G., & Krystal, J. H. (2019) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2019.03.013 · Cited by 1,026 · see citing works
Neuroplasticity in cognitive and psychological mechanisms of depression: an integrative model
Price, R. B., & Duman, R. (2020) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41380-019-0615-x · Cited by 721 · see citing works
The organization of the stress system and its dysregulation in depressive illness
Gold, P. W. (2015) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/mp.2014.163 · Cited by 654 · see citing works
Ketamine and other NMDA antagonists: early clinical trials and possible mechanisms in depression.
Newport, D. J., Carpenter, L. L., McDonald, W. M., Potash, J. B., Tohen, M., Nemeroff, C. B., & The APA Council of Research Task Force on Novel Biomarkers and Treatments (2015) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2015.15040465 · Cited by 598 · see citing works
Targeting glutamate signalling in depression: progress and prospects
Murrough, J. W., Abdallah, C. G., & Mathew, S. J. (2017) · Nature Reviews Drug Discovery · doi:10.1038/nrd.2017.16 · Cited by 482 · see citing works
Psychological processing in chronic pain: a neural systems approach
Simons, L. E., Elman, I., & Borsook, D. (2014) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2013.12.006 · Cited by 359 · see citing works
Rapid‐acting antidepressant ketamine, its metabolites and other candidates: A historical overview and future perspective
Hashimoto, K. (2019) · Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences · doi:10.1111/pcn.12902 · Cited by 335 · see citing works
Role of BDNF in the Pathophysiology and Treatment of Depression: Activity-Dependent Effects Distinguish Rapid-Acting Antidepressants
Duman, R. S., Deyama, S., & Fogaça, M. V. (2021) · European Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1111/ejn.14630 · Cited by 321 · see citing works
Antidepressant effects of ketamine: mechanisms underlying fast-acting novel antidepressants
Browne, C. A., & Lucki, I. (2013) · Frontiers in Pharmacology · doi:10.3389/fphar.2013.00161 · Cited by 285 · see citing works
Lanicemine: a low-trapping NMDA channel blocker produces sustained antidepressant efficacy with minimal psychotomimetic adverse effects
Sanacora, G., Smith, M. A., Pathak, S., Su, H.-L., Boeijinga, P. H., McCarthy, D. J., & Quirk, M. C. (2014) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/mp.2013.130 · Cited by 236 · see citing works
Antidepressant effects of ketamine and the roles of AMPA glutamate receptors and other mechanisms beyond NMDA receptor antagonism
Aleksandrova, L. R., Phillips, A. G., & Wang, Y. T. (2017) · Journal of Psychiatry and Neuroscience · doi:10.1503/jpn.160175 · Cited by 228 · see citing works
Disinhibition of CA1 pyramidal cells by low-dose ketamine and other antagonists with rapid antidepressant efficacy
Widman, A. J., & McMahon, L. L. (2018) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1718883115 · Cited by 204 · see citing works
Fast-acting antidepressant activity of ketamine: Highlights on brain serotonin, glutamate, and GABA neurotransmission in preclinical studies
Pham, T. H., & Gardier, A. M. (2019) · Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2019.02.017 · Cited by 186 · see citing works
Activity-dependent brain-derived neurotrophic factor signaling is required for the antidepressant actions of (2 R ,6 R )-hydroxynorketamine
Fukumoto, K., Fogaça, M. V., Liu, R.-J., Duman, C., Kato, T., Li, X.-Y., & Duman, R. S. (2019) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1814709116 · Cited by 188 · see citing works
Neurotrophic mechanisms underlying the rapid and sustained antidepressant actions of ketamine
Deyama, S., & Duman, R. S. (2020) · Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.pbb.2019.172837 · Cited by 186 · see citing works
Fast-Acting Antidepressants Rapidly Stimulate ERK Signaling and BDNF Release in Primary Neuronal Cultures
Lepack, A. E., Bang, E., Lee, B., Dwyer, J. M., & Duman, R. S. (2016) · Neuropharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2016.09.011 · Cited by 174 · see citing works
Convergent Mechanisms Underlying Rapid Antidepressant Action
Zanos, P., Thompson, S. M., Duman, R. S., Zarate, C. A., & Gould, T. D. (2018) · CNS Drugs · doi:10.1007/s40263-018-0492-x · Cited by 171 · see citing works
Glutamatergic Neurotransmission: Pathway to Developing Novel Rapid-Acting Antidepressant Treatments
Kadriu, B., Musazzi, L., Henter, I. D., Graves, M., Popoli, M., & Zarate, C. A. (2019) · International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1093/ijnp/pyy094 · Cited by 165 · see citing works
Serotonergic modulation of glutamate neurotransmission as a strategy for treating depression and cognitive dysfunction
Pehrson, A. L., & Sanchez, C. (2014) · CNS Spectrums · doi:10.1017/s1092852913000540 · Cited by 161 · see citing works
Adding fuel to the fire: the impact of stress on the ageing brain
Prenderville, J. A., Kennedy, P. J., Dinan, T. G., & Cryan, J. F. (2015) · Trends in Neurosciences · doi:10.1016/j.tins.2014.11.001 · Cited by 136 · see citing works
Molecular Pharmacology and Neurobiology of Rapid-Acting Antidepressants
Gould, T. D., Zarate, C. A., & Thompson, S. M. (2019) · Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology · doi:10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-010617-052811 · Cited by 133 · see citing works
The molecular pathophysiology of depression and the new therapeutics
Tian, H., Hu, Z., Xu, J., & Wang, C. (2022) · MedComm · doi:10.1002/mco2.156 · Cited by 122 · see citing works
Adjunctive Lanicemine (AZD6765) in Patients with Major Depressive Disorder and History of Inadequate Response to Antidepressants: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Study
Sanacora, G., Johnson, M. R., Khan, A., Atkinson, S. D., Riesenberg, R. R., Schronen, J. P., Burke, M. A., Zajecka, J. M., Barra, L., Su, H.-L., et al. (2017) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/npp.2016.224 · Cited by 120 · see citing works
NMDA Receptor Activation-Dependent Antidepressant-Relevant Behavioral and Synaptic Actions of Ketamine
Zanos, P., Brown, K. A., Georgiou, P., Yuan, P., Zarate, C. A., Thompson, S. M., & Gould, T. D. (2023) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.1316-22.2022 · Cited by 115 · see citing works
Evaluation of the Wistar-Kyoto rat model of depression and the role of synaptic plasticity in depression and antidepressant response
Aleksandrova, L. R., Wang, Y. T., & Phillips, A. G. (2019) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.07.007 · Cited by 114 · see citing works
GLYX-13 Produces Rapid Antidepressant Responses with Key Synaptic and Behavioral Effects Distinct from Ketamine
Liu, R.-J., Duman, C., Kato, T., Hare, B., Lopresto, D., Bang, E., Burgdorf, J., Moskal, J., Taylor, J., Aghajanian, G., et al. (2017) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/npp.2016.202 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
Self-citation
Neuroplasticity and the next wave of antidepressant strategies
Hayley, S., & Litteljohn, D. (2013) · Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fncel.2013.00218 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
Comparison of R-ketamine and rapastinel antidepressant effects in the social defeat stress model of depression
Yang, B., Zhang, J.-C., Han, M., Yao, W., Yang, C., Ren, Q., Ma, M., Chen, Q.-X., & Hashimoto, K. (2016) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00213-016-4399-2 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
BDNF Release and Signaling Are Required for the Antidepressant Actions of GLYX-13
Kato, T., Fogaça, M. V., Deyama, S., Li, X.-Y., Fukumoto, K., & Duman, R. S. (2018) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/mp.2017.220 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Sestrin modulator NV-5138 produces rapid antidepressant effects via direct mTORC1 activation
Kato, T., Pothula, S., Liu, R.-J., Duman, C. H., Terwilliger, R., Vlasuk, G. P., Saiah, E., Hahm, S., & Duman, R. S. (2019) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci126859 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
The long-lasting antidepressant effects of rapastinel (GLYX-13) are associated with a metaplasticity process in the medial prefrontal cortex and hippocampus
Burgdorf, J., Zhang, X.-L., Weiss, C., Gross, A., Boikess, S. R., Kroes, R. A., Khan, M. A., Burch, R. M., Rex, C. S., Disterhoft, J. F., et al. (2015) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2015.09.004 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Self-citation
Ketamine and the Future of Rapid-Acting Antidepressants
Riggs, L. M., & Gould, T. D. (2021) · Annual Review of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-072120-014126 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
Ketamine and its metabolite, (2R,6R)-HNK, restore hippocampal LTP and long-term spatial memory in the Wistar-Kyoto rat model of depression
Aleksandrova, L. R., Wang, Y. T., & Phillips, A. G. (2020) · Molecular Brain · doi:10.1186/s13041-020-00627-z · Cited by 85 · see citing works
New Treatment Strategies of Depression: Based on Mechanisms Related to Neuroplasticity
Huang, Y.-J., Lane, H.-Y., & Lin, C.-H. (2017) · Neural Plasticity · doi:10.1155/2017/4605971 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Mice lacking NMDA receptors in parvalbumin neurons display normal depression-related behavior and response to antidepressant action of NMDAR antagonists
Pozzi, L., Dorocic, I. P., Wang, X., Carlén, M., & Meletis, K. (2014) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0083879 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Cognition as a target in major depression: new developments.
Solé, B., Jiménez, E., Martinez-Aran, A., & Vieta, E. (2015) · European Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.euroneuro.2014.12.004 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Targeting metaplasticity mechanisms to promote sustained antidepressant actions
Brown, K. A., & Gould, T. D. (2024) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41380-023-02397-1 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Rapastinel - an investigational NMDA-R modulator for major depressive disorder: evidence to date
Ragguett, R.-M., Rong, C., Kratiuk, K., & McIntyre, R. S. (2019) · Expert Opinion on Investigational Drugs · doi:10.1080/13543784.2019.1559295 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Characterization of <scp>l</scp>-Theanine Excitatory Actions on Hippocampal Neurons: Toward the Generation of Novel N-Methyl-<scp>d</scp>-aspartate Receptor Modulators Based on Its Backbone
Sebih, F., Rousset, M., Bellahouel, S., Rolland, M., de Jesus Ferreira, M. C., Guiramand, J., Cohen-Solal, C., Barbanel, G., Cens, T., Abouazza, M., et al. (2017) · ACS Chemical Neuroscience · doi:10.1021/acschemneuro.7b00036 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
All roads lead to glutamate: NMDA and AMPA receptors as targets for rapid-acting antidepressants
Freudenberg, F., Reif-Leonhard, C., Dawson, G. R., McKernan, R. M., & Reif, A. (2025) · Pharmacological Research · doi:10.1016/j.phrs.2025.107918 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Gene expression related to serotonergic and glutamatergic neurotransmission is altered in the flinders sensitive line rat model of depression: effect of ketamine
Du Jardin, K. G., Müller, H. K., Sanchez, C., Wegener, G., & Elfving, B. (2017) · Synapse · doi:10.1002/syn.21940 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Sustained antidepressant response to ketamine
Atigari, O. V., & Healy, D. (2013) · BMJ Case Reports · doi:10.1136/bcr-2013-200370 · Cited by 16 · see citing works

Authors: Burgdorf, J., Zhang, X.-L., Nicholson, K. L., Balster, R. L., David Leander, J., Stanton, P. K., Gross, A. L., Kroes, R. A., & Moskal, J. R.
Affiliations: Northwestern University (US)
New York Medical College (US)
Virginia Commonwealth University (US)
Corresponding author: Moskal, Joseph R
ORCID: Burgdorf, Jeffrey
Stanton, Patric K
Moskal, Joseph R
Venue: Neuropsychopharmacology
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published: 2012-12-05
Volume: 38
Issue: 5
Pages: 729-742
ISSN: 0893-133X (ISSN-L)
1740-634X
DOI: 10.1038/npp.2012.246
PMC: PMC3671991
OpenAlex: W2049022403
Cited by: 284
References: 84
Citations by year: 2026: 4 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 15 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 24 · 2019: 28 · 2018: 28 · 2017: 32 · 2016: 29 · 2015: 31 · 2014: 27 · 2013: 22
FWCI: 18.79
Type: journal article
Language: en
Update notices: correction (2013-05-15)
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Licence: www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
www.springer.com/tdm (vor)
Locations: Neuropsychopharmacology (publishedVersion)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Touro Scholar (Touro College) (submittedVersion)
Funders: Hope for Depression Research Foundation
Northwestern University
Dr. Ralph and Marian Falk Medical Research Trust
National Institutes of Health (NS044421)
National Institute of Mental Health (R43MH071932, R01MH094835, MH094835)
National Institute on Drug Abuse (DA-01442, R01DA001442)
National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NS 044421, R01NS044421, R56NS044421)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Treatment of Major Depression
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
Keywords: NMDA receptor, antidepressant-like effects, ketamine side effects, NR2B, metaplasticity, long-term potentiation, medial prefrontal cortex, non-NMDA receptors, GluR1, treatment-resistant depression, novelty-induced hypophagia, learned helplessness, drug discrimination
MeSH terms: Acoustic Stimulation, Action Potentials, Animals, Antidepressive Agents, Brain, Conditioning, Operant, Depression, Disease Models, Animal, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Exploratory Behavior, Fluoxetine, Ketamine, Male, Oligopeptides, Reflex, Startle, Swimming, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, Receptors, Glutamate, Long-Term Potentiation, Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists, Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists, Gene Expression Profiling, Rats

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

GLYX-13, a NMDA Receptor Glycine-Site Functional Partial Agonist, Induces Antidepressant-Like Effects Without Ketamine-Like Side Effects

Abstract

Integrity signals

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Self-check

Cites

Cited by

Related

Record

About these checks