Cited by 264Treatment of Major DepressionNeuroscience and Neuropharmacology ResearchNeurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior

Scopolamine Rapidly Increases Mammalian Target of Rapamycin Complex 1 Signaling, Synaptogenesis, and Antidepressant Behavioral Responses

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Voleti, Bhavya, Navarria, Andrea, Liu, Rong-Jian, Banasr, Mounira, Li, Nanxin, Terwilliger, Rose, Sanacora, Gerard, Eid, Tore +2 more·2013·Biological Psychiatry

Abstract

Background Clinical studies report that scopolamine, an acetylcholine muscarinic receptor antagonist, produces rapid antidepressant effects in depressed patients, but the mechanisms underlying the therapeutic response have not been determined. The present study examines the role of the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) and synaptogenesis, which have been implicated in the rapid actions of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonists.Methods The influence of scopolamine on mTORC1 signaling was determined by analysis of the phosphorylated and activated forms of mTORC1 signaling proteins in the prefrontal cortex (PFC). The numbers and function of spine synapses were analyzed by whole cell patch clamp recording and two-photon image analysis of PFC neurons. The actions of scopolamine were examined in the forced swim test in the absence or presence of selective mTORC1 and glutamate receptor inhibitors.Results The results demonstrate that a single, low dose of scopolamine rapidly increases mTORC1 signaling and the number and function of spine synapses in layer V pyramidal neurons in the PFC. Scopolamine administration also produces an antidepressant response in the forced swim test that is blocked by pretreatment with the mTORC1 inhibitor or by a glutamate alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid receptor antagonist.Conclusions Taken together, the results demonstrate that the antidepressant actions of scopolamine require mTORC1 signaling and are associated with increased glutamate transmission, and synaptogenesis, similar to N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonists. These findings provide novel targets for safer and more efficacious rapid-acting antidepressant agents.

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Crossref · 10.1016/j.biopsych.2013.04.025

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  • mTORC1 signaling is necessary and may be sufficient to produce rapid synaptic and antidepressant behavioral responses.

    “These studies indicate that mTORC1 signaling is necessary and may be sufficient to produce rapid synaptic and antidepressant behavioral responses.”
  • Infusion of rapamycin alone into the mPFC has no effect on these behaviors.

    “Previous studies demonstrate that infusion of rapamycin alone into the mPFC has no effect on these behaviors (7, 8, 10, 12).”
  • Ketamine's actions occur via a burst of glutamate and require AMPA receptor activation.

    “While the effects of NV-5138 and ketamine converge on mTORC1 signaling, the actions of ketamine occur via a burst of glutamate and require AMPA receptor activation, based on evidence that pretreatment with an AMPA receptor antagonist (NBQX) blocks the antidepressant actions of ketamine as well as other rapid-acting agents (7, 10, 12, 39, 40).”
  • Pretreatment with an AMPA receptor antagonist (NBQX) blocks the antidepressant actions of ketamine and other rapid-acting agents.

    “While the effects of NV-5138 and ketamine converge on mTORC1 signaling, the actions of ketamine occur via a burst of glutamate and require AMPA receptor activation, based on evidence that pretreatment with an AMPA receptor antagonist (NBQX) blocks the antidepressant actions of ketamine as well as other rapid-acting agents (7, 10, 12, 39, 40).”
  • Rapid acting antidepressants stimulate mTORC1 signaling in the prefrontal cortex.

    “Conversely, rapid acting antidepressants (discussed below) stimulate mTORC1 signaling in the prefrontal cortex52,53.”

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Research works printed but not linked: 5

  1. [16]Li N Lee B Liu RJ Banasr M Dwyer JM Iwata M mTORC1- dependent synapse formation underlies the rapid antidepressant effects of NMDA antagonists Science 2010 329 959 964 20724638 PMC3116441
  2. [18]Liu R-J Aghajanian GK Stress blunts serotonin- and hypocretinevoked EPSCs in prefrontal cortex: role of corticosterone-mediated apical dendritic atrophy PNAS 2008 105 359 364 18172209 PMC2224217
  3. [19]Hoeffer C Klann E mTORC1 signaling: at the crossroads of plasticity, memory and disease Trends Neurosci 2010 33 67 75 19963289 PMC2821969
  4. [22]Berman R Cappiello A Anand A Antidepressant effects of ketamine in depressed patients Biol Psychiat 2000 47 351 354 10686270
  5. [24]Zarate CJ Singh JB Carlson PJ Brutsche NE Ameli R Luckenbaugh DA Charney DS Manji HK A randomized trial of an N-methyl-D-aspartate antagonist in treatment-resistant major depression Arch Gen Psych 2006b 63 856 864 16894061

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Authors
Voleti, B., Navarria, A., Liu, R.-J., Banasr, M., Li, N., Terwilliger, R., Sanacora, G., Eid, T., Aghajanian, G., & Duman, R. S.
Affiliations
Yale University (US)
Corresponding author
Duman, Ronald S.
Venue
Biological Psychiatry
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2013-11
Volume
74
Issue
10
Pages
742-749
ISSN
0006-3223 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W2072298966
Cited by
264
References
40
Citations by year
2026: 4 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 17 · 2021: 24 · 2020: 34 · 2019: 25 · 2018: 33 · 2017: 29 · 2016: 24 · 2015: 21 · 2014: 14 · 2013: 8
FWCI
16.40
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Biological Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders
National Institute of Mental Health (MH 25642, R01MH081211, MH-45481, R01MH093897, R37MH045481, P01MH025642, R01MH045481, R01MH105910)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Treatment of Major Depression
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
Keywords
scopolamine, mTORC1 signaling, synaptogenesis, antidepressant effects, rapid-acting antidepressants, antimuscarinic agents, prefrontal cortex, glutamatergic neurotransmission, NMDA receptor, forced swim test, depression
MeSH terms
Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin Complex 1, Animals, Antidepressive Agents, Male, Neurons, Scopolamine, Stress, Psychological, Swimming, Synapses, Signal Transduction, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, Prefrontal Cortex, Muscarinic Antagonists, Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials, Multiprotein Complexes, Dendritic Spines, Rats, TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases

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