The DOI matches its Crossref record; 19 of the 19 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Engineering asymmetric vesicles
Open accessAbstract
Vesicles are bilayers of lipid molecules enclosing a fixed volume of aqueous solution. Ubiquitous in cells, they can be produced in vitro to study the physical properties of biological membranes and for use in drug delivery and cosmetics. Biological membranes are, in fact, a fluid mosaic of lipids and other molecules; the richness of their chemical and mechanical properties in vivo is often dictated by an asymmetric distribution of these molecules. Techniques for vesicle preparation have been based on the spontaneous assembly of lipid bilayers, precluding the formation of such asymmetric structures. Partial asymmetry has been achieved only with chemical methods greatly restricting the study of the physical and chemical properties of asymmetric vesicles and their use in potential applications for drug delivery. Here we describe the systematic engineering of unilamellar vesicles assembled with two independently prepared monolayers; this process produces asymmetries as high as 95%. We demonstrate the versatility of our method by investigating the stability of the asymmetry. We also use it to engineer hybrid structures comprised of an inner leaflet of diblock copolymer and an independent lipid outer leaflet.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Intermolecular and Surface Forces
(2011) · Intermolecular and Surface Forces · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-391927-4.10024-6 · Cited by 16,923
Polymersomes: Tough Vesicles Made from Diblock Copolymers
Discher, B. M., Won, Y.-Y., Ege, D. S., Lee, J. C.-M., Bates, F. S., Discher, D. E., & Hammer, D. A. (1999) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.284.5417.1143 · Cited by 2,512
Szoka, F., & Papahadjopoulos, D. (1978) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.75.9.4194 · Cited by 2,323
Angelova, M. I., & Dimitrov, D. S. (1986) · Faraday Discussions of the Chemical Society · doi:10.1039/dc9868100303 · Cited by 1,372
Preparation of liposomes of defined size distribution by extrusion through polycarbonate membranes
Olson, F., Hunt, C. A., Szoka, F. C., Vail, W. J., & Papahadjopoulos, D. (1979) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Biomembranes · doi:10.1016/0005-2736(79)90085-3 · Cited by 1,126
Static and dynamic lipid asymmetry in cell membranes
Devaux, P. F. (1991) · Biochemistry · doi:10.1021/bi00219a001 · Cited by 827
Production of Unilamellar Vesicles Using an Inverted Emulsion
Pautot, S., Frisken, B. J., & Weitz, D. A. (2003) · Langmuir · doi:10.1021/la026100v · Cited by 575
Self-citationFluorescence assay for phospholipid membrane asymmetry
McIntyre, J. C., & Sleight, R. G. (1991) · Biochemistry · doi:10.1021/bi00115a012 · Cited by 483
Needham, D., & Evans, E. (1988) · Biochemistry · doi:10.1021/bi00421a041 · Cited by 307
Rand, R. P., Fuller, N. L., Gruner, S. M., & Parsegian, V. A. (1990) · Biochemistry · doi:10.1021/bi00453a010 · Cited by 300
Cited by
A vesicle bioreactor as a step toward an artificial cell assembly
Noireaux, V., & Libchaber, A. (2004) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0408236101 · Cited by 1,152
Seemann, R., Brinkmann, M., Pfohl, T., & Herminghaus, S. (2012) · Reports on Progress in Physics · doi:10.1088/0034-4885/75/1/016601 · Cited by 1,049
Formulation, stabilisation and encapsulation of bacteriophage for phage therapy
Malik, D. J., Sokolov, I. J., Vinner, G. K., Mancuso, F., Cinquerrui, S., Vladisavljevic, G. T., Clokie, M. R. J., Garton, N. J., Stapley, A. G. F., & Kirpichnikova, A. (2017) · Advances in Colloid and Interface Science · doi:10.1016/j.cis.2017.05.014 · Cited by 594
Octanol-assisted liposome assembly on chip
Deshpande, S., Caspi, Y., Meijering, A. E. C., & Dekker, C. (2016) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/ncomms10447 · Cited by 363
Caracciolo, G., Pozzi, D., Caminiti, R., Marchini, C., Montani, M., Amici, A., & Amenitsch, H. (2008) · The Journal of Physical Chemistry B · doi:10.1021/jp803077n · Cited by 46
Metadata
- Authors
- Pautot, S., Frisken, B. J., & Weitz, D. A.
- Venue
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
- Published
- 2003-09-08
- Volume
- 100
- Issue
- 19
- Pages
- 10718-10721
- ISSN
- 0027-8424 (ISSN-L)
- 1091-6490
- OpenAlex
- W2136319664
- Cited by
- 470
- References
- 19
- FWCI
- 1.50
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Engineering asymmetric vesicles. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1073/pnas.1931005100
- The paper
- Pautot, S., Frisken, B. J., & Weitz, D. A. (2003). Engineering asymmetric vesicles. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1931005100
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
