The DOI matches its Crossref record; 1 of the 1 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Cell injury releases endogenous adjuvants that stimulate cytotoxic T cell responses
Open accessAbstract
General immunostimulants (adjuvants) are essential for generating immunity to many antigens. In bacterial infections, adjuvants are provided by components of the microorganism, e.g., lipopolysaccharide. However, it is unclear what provides the adjuvant effect for immune responses that are generated to tumors and many viruses. Here we show that cell injury and death of tumor or even normal cells provide a potent adjuvant effect for the stimulation of cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses. This adjuvant activity is constitutively present in the cytoplasm of cells and is increased in the cytoplasm of cells dying by apoptosis. The release of these components stimulates immune responses both locally and at a distance, and provides a simple mechanism to alert the immune system to potential danger in almost all pathological situations.
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Citations
Cites
Phagocytic processing of bacterial antigens for class I MHC presentation to T cells
Pfeifer, J. D., Wick, M. J., Roberts, R. L., Findlay, K., Normark, S. J., & Harding, C. V. (1993) · Nature · doi:10.1038/361359a0 · Cited by 615
Cited by
Apoptosis: controlled demolition at the cellular level
Taylor, R. C., Cullen, S. P., & Martin, S. J. (2008) · Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology · doi:10.1038/nrm2312 · Cited by 2,624
Antigen Presentation and T Cell Stimulation by Dendritic Cells
Guermonprez, P., Valladeau, J., Zitvogel, L., Théry, C., & Amigorena, S. (2002) · Annual Review of Immunology · doi:10.1146/annurev.immunol.20.100301.064828 · Cited by 1,926
How dying cells alert the immune system to danger
Kono, H., & Rock, K. L. (2008) · Nature Reviews Immunology · doi:10.1038/nri2215 · Cited by 1,737
Self-citationMolecular identification of a danger signal that alerts the immune system to dying cells
Shi, Y., Evans, J. E., & Rock, K. L. (2003) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature01991 · Cited by 1,684
Self-citationThe Inflammatory Response to Cell Death
Rock, K. L., & Kono, H. (2008) · Annual Review of Pathology: Mechanisms of Disease · doi:10.1146/annurev.pathmechdis.3.121806.151456 · Cited by 912
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Metadata
- Authors
- Shi, Y., Zheng, W., & Rock, K. L.
- Venue
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
- Published
- 2000-12-05
- Volume
- 97
- Issue
- 26
- Pages
- 14590-14595
- ISSN
- 0027-8424 (ISSN-L)
- 1091-6490
- OpenAlex
- W2122231405
- Cited by
- 226
- References
- 1
- FWCI
- 4.39
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
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- Shi, Y., Zheng, W., & Rock, K. L. (2000). Cell injury releases endogenous adjuvants that stimulate cytotoxic T cell responses. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.260497597
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Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
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