The DOI matches its Crossref record; 16 of the 16 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Structural basis for receptor binding heterogeneity of apolipoprotein E from type III hyperlipoproteinemic subjects.
Open accessAbstract
The three major isoforms of human apolipoprotein E (apo-E2, -E3, and -E4) are coded for by three alleles (epsilon 2, epsilon 3, and epsilon 4) which have a common genetic locus. Previously, we demonstrated that E2, E3, and E4 differ in primary structure from one another at two substitution sites, site A (residue 112) and site B (residue 158). At sites A/B, apo-E2, -E3, and -E4 contain cysteine/cysteine, cysteine/arginine, and arginine/arginine, respectively. We demonstrated that the substitution of cysteine for arginine at site B is at least partly responsible for the defective binding of apo-E2 to human fibroblast low density lipoprotein receptors, compared to the normal binding activity of apo-E3 or -E4. Subjects with the genetic disorder type III hyperlipoproteinemia are phenotypically homozygous for apo-E2, but the binding activity of apo-E to the fibroblast receptor differs considerably from one type III individual to another. We therefore undertook a partial comparative sequence analysis of apo-E2 from three type III subjects whose apo-E displayed this heterogeneity. The subject with the poorest binding apo-E2 was genotypically homozygous for an apo-E allele (epsilon 2); cysteine was found at sites A and B. The subject with the most active apo-E2 was genotypically homozygous for an apo-E allele (epsilon 2); cystine was found at site A and at a new site (site C, residue 145). The epsilon 2 allele specifies a protein that has arginine at site B (residue 158); the epsilon 2 allele specifies a protein that has arginine at site C (residue 145). Therefore, the two alleles differ from one another by cysteine/arginine interchanges at two positions, sites B and C. The third subject, whose apo-E2 displayed binding activity intermediate between the activities of the other two, was genotypically heterozygous, having one epsilon 2 allele and one epsilon 2 allele. The intermediate binding activity of apo-E2 from this subject resulted from having a mixture of severely defective apo-E (specified by epsilon 2) and slightly defective apo-E (specified by epsilon 2).
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In the citing paper
“Three variants ofapo E2 have been described.Each ofthese differs from apo E3 by a single amino acid substitution (6, 12- 14).”
From Apolipoprotein E2-Christchurch (136 Arg----Ser). New variant of human apolipoprotein E in a patient with type III hyperlipoproteinemia. (1987) · cites this paper as [14]
In the citing paper
“The most common has a mutation of 158 Arg --Cys (13), but mutations of 145 Arg -* Cys (14) and 146 Lys --Gln (6) have also been reported in individuals with type III hyperlipoproteinemia.”
From Apolipoprotein E2-Christchurch (136 Arg----Ser). New variant of human apolipoprotein E in a patient with type III hyperlipoproteinemia. (1987) · cites this paper as [14]
In the citing paper
“Homozygosity and heterozygocity for the apoE variant apoE3[R145C] has also been associated with severe type III HLP [30], [31].”
From Biophysical Analysis of Apolipoprotein E3 Variants Linked with Development of Type III Hyperlipoproteinemia (2011) · cites this paper as [30]
In the citing paper
“and the 22-kDa domain of lipid-bound apoE3[R145C] has 48% reduced HSPG binding capacity compared to apoE3-22kDa [30], [32].”
From Biophysical Analysis of Apolipoprotein E3 Variants Linked with Development of Type III Hyperlipoproteinemia (2011) · cites this paper as [30]
In the citing paper
“Binding studies showed that lipid-bound apoE3[R145C] has 55% reduced LDL receptor binding capacity compared to apoE3”
From Biophysical Analysis of Apolipoprotein E3 Variants Linked with Development of Type III Hyperlipoproteinemia (2011) · cites this paper as [30]
In the citing paper
“Still, these variants not only maintain their ability to predispose to type III HLP, but also do so in a dominant fashion, unlike apoE2 [22], [26], [30], [31], [33], [34], [35].”
From Biophysical Analysis of Apolipoprotein E3 Variants Linked with Development of Type III Hyperlipoproteinemia (2011) · cites this paper as [30]
In the citing paper
“In contrast, all apoE3 variants studied here demonstrate stronger LDL receptor binding compared to wild-type apoE2 [28], [30], [34], [35].”
From Biophysical Analysis of Apolipoprotein E3 Variants Linked with Development of Type III Hyperlipoproteinemia (2011) · cites this paper as [30]
In the citing paper
“While heterozygosity for three further mutants (apoE2(145 Arg→Cys) (32, 33), apoE2(146 Lys→Gln) (34), or apoE2-Christchurch(136 Arg→Ser) (18, 33)) is associated with type III hyperlipoproteinemia, there are no family studies to ascertain whether these variants also demonstrate a dominant mode of inheritance.”
From Apolipoprotein E3-Leiden contains a seven-amino acid insertion that is a tandem repeat of residues 121–127 (1989) · cites this paper as [32]
In the citing paper
“Prior studies [7][8][9] and Alzheimer Disease Sequencing Project (ADSP) data have shown that R145C is always in phase with ε3 and R150H is always in phase with ε2.”
From Association of African Ancestry–Specific APOE Missense Variant R145C With Risk of Alzheimer Disease (2023) · cites this paper as [8]
Citations
Cites
Weisgraber, K. H., Rall, S. C., & Mahley, R. W. (1981) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(19)52510-8 · Cited by 777
Self-citationHuman apolipoprotein E. The complete amino acid sequence
Rall, S. C., Weisgraber, K. H., & Mahley, R. W. (1982) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(18)34702-1 · Cited by 741
Self-citationWeisgraber, K. H., Innerarity, T. L., & Mahley, R. W. (1982) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(18)34954-8 · Cited by 673
Self-citationZannis, V. I., & Breslow, J. L. (1981) · Biochemistry · doi:10.1021/bi00507a059 · Cited by 563
Innerarity, T. L., & Mahley, R. W. (1978) · Biochemistry · doi:10.1021/bi00601a013 · Cited by 433
Self-citationSherrill, B. C., Innerarity, T. L., & Mahley, R. W. (1980) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(19)85951-3 · Cited by 426
Self-citationPolymorphism of apolipoprotein E
Utermann, G., Vogelberg, K. H., Steinmetz, A., Schoenborn, W., Pruin, N., Jaeschke, M., Hees, M. T. I. W. S.-V., & Canzler, H. (1979) · Clinical Genetics · doi:10.1111/j.1399-0004.1979.tb02027.x · Cited by 408
Lipoprotein binding to canine hepatic membranes. Metabolically distinct apo-E and apo-B,E receptors.
Hui, D. Y., Innerarity, T. L., & Mahley, R. W. (1981) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(19)69254-9 · Cited by 383
Self-citationMahley, R. W., Hui, D. Y., Innerarity, T. L., & Weisgraber, K. H. (1981) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci110365 · Cited by 373
Self-citation(1981) · PubMed · Cited by 341
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Apolipoprotein E: Cholesterol Transport Protein with Expanding Role in Cell Biology
Mahley, R. W. (1988) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.3283935 · Cited by 4,028
Self-citationApolipoprotein E polymorphism and atherosclerosis.
Davignon, J., Gregg, R. E., & Sing, C. F. (1988) · Arteriosclerosis: An Official Journal of the American Heart Association, Inc. · doi:10.1161/01.atv.8.1.1 · Cited by 1,981
Plasma lipoproteins: apolipoprotein structure and function.
Mahley, R. W., Innerarity, T. L., Rall, S. C., & Weisgraber, K. H. (1984) · Journal of Lipid Research · doi:10.1016/s0022-2275(20)34443-6 · Cited by 1,155
Self-citationApolipoprotein E: Structure-Function Relationships
Weisgraber, K. H. (1994) · Advances in Protein Chemistry · doi:10.1016/s0065-3233(08)60642-7 · Cited by 830
Self-citation(1985) · PubMed · Cited by 706
Metadata
- Authors
- Rall, S. C., Weisgraber, K. H., Innerarity, T. L., & Mahley, R. W.
- ORCID
- Mahley, R W
- Venue
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
- Publisher
- National Academy of Sciences
- Published
- 1982-08
- Volume
- 79
- Issue
- 15
- Pages
- 4696-4700
- ISSN
- 0027-8424 (ISSN-L)
- 1091-6490
- PMC
- PMC346743
- OpenAlex
- W2081151510
- Cited by
- 345
- References
- 16
- Citations by year
- 2024: 7 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 3 · 2012: 7
- FWCI
- 54.05
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- europepmc.org
- Locations
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Lipoproteins and Cardiovascular Health
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Biochemistry › Cholesterol and Lipid Metabolism
- Keywords
- apolipoprotein E, type III hyperlipoproteinemia, LDL receptor, apolipoprotein E isoforms, site-directed mutagenesis, receptor binding activity, genetic polymorphism
- MeSH terms
- Alleles, Amino Acid Sequence, Apolipoproteins, Apolipoproteins E, Genes, Humans, Hyperlipoproteinemia Type III, Receptors, Cell Surface, Low Density Lipoprotein Receptor-Related Protein-1
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