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Retrovirus variation and reverse transcription: abnormal strand transfers result in retrovirus genetic variation
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Human immunodeficiency virus variation is extensive and is based on numerous mistakes in reverse transcription. All retrovirus replication requires two strand transfers (growing point jumps) to synthesize the complete provirus. I propose that the numerous mistakes in reverse transcription are the result of this requirement for the two strand transfers needed to form the provirus.
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“Irrespective of the nature of the first strand transfer to be intramolecular, intermolecular, or random, they all are likely to contribute toward genetic variation among retroviruses during DNA synthesis, owing to the numerous errors occurring during reverse transcription (Temin 1993).”
From Beyond reverse transcription: molecular mechanisms and emerging paradigms in retroviral replication (2026) · cites this paper as Temin 1993
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High Rate of Recombination throughout the Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Genome
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Metadata
- Authors
- Temin, H. M.
- Affiliations
- University of Wisconsin–Madison (US)
- Corresponding author
- Temin, H M
- Venue
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
- Publisher
- National Academy of Sciences
- Published
- 1993-08
- Volume
- 90
- Issue
- 15
- Pages
- 6900-6903
- ISSN
- 0027-8424 (ISSN-L)
- 1091-6490
- PMC
- PMC47042
- OpenAlex
- W2087946368
- Cited by
- 309
- References
- 37
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 3 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 7
- FWCI
- 6.91
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (5p30ca007175-36)
- U.S. Public Health Service (CA-07175)
- National Cancer Institute (CA-22443, CA-07175, P01CA022443)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Virology › HIV Research and Treatment
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › HIV/AIDS drug development and treatment
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Evolution and Genetic Dynamics
- Keywords
- strand transfer, human immunodeficiency virus, growing points, retroviral replication
- MeSH terms
- Mutation, Recombination, Genetic, Retroviridae, RNA-Directed DNA Polymerase, RNA, Viral, Templates, Genetic, Genetic Variation, Virus Replication, Sequence Deletion
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