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AtPCS1, a phytochelatin synthase from Arabidopsis : Isolation and in vitro reconstitution
Open accessAbstract
Phytochelatins, a class of posttranslationally synthesized peptides, play a pivotal role in heavy metal, primarily Cd2+, tolerance in plants and fungi by chelating these substances and decreasing their free concentrations. Derived from glutathione and related thiols by the action of gamma-glutamylcysteine dipeptidyl transpeptidases (phytochelatin synthases; EC 2.3.2.15), phytochelatins consist of repeating units of gamma-glutamylcysteine followed by a C-terminal Gly, Ser, or beta-Ala residue [poly-(gamma-Glu-Cys)n-Xaa]. Here we report the suppression cloning of a cDNA (AtPCS1) from Arabidopsis thaliana encoding a 55-kDa soluble protein that enhances heavy-metal tolerance and elicits Cd2+-activated phytochelatin accumulation when expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. On the basis of these properties and the sufficiency of immunoaffinity-purified epitope-tagged AtPCS1 polypeptide for high rates of Cd2+-activated phytochelatin synthesis from glutathione in vitro, AtPCS1 is concluded to encode the enzyme phytochelatin synthase.
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“each of these gene products is not only necessary but also sufficient for the elaboration of PCs.”
From Mechanism of Heavy Metal Ion Activation of Phytochelatin (PC) Synthase (2000) · cites this paper as [13]
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In the citing paper
“Isolated from Arabidopsis,S. pombe, and wheat, these genes, designatedAtPCS1, SpPCS, and TaPCS1, respectively, encode 40–50% sequence-similar 50–55-kDa polypeptides active in the synthesis of PCs from GSH (11-13”
From Mechanism of Heavy Metal Ion Activation of Phytochelatin (PC) Synthase (2000) · cites this paper as [13]
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“heterologously expressed AtPCS1-FLAG was 30- to 50-fold immunopurified from the soluble fraction of pYES3-AtPCS1::FLAG-transformed S. cerevisiae strain DTY167 to yield a single anti-FLAG antibody-reactive, M r = 58,000 polypeptide species”
From Mechanism of Heavy Metal Ion Activation of Phytochelatin (PC) Synthase (2000) · cites this paper as [13]
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“heterologous expression ofAtPCS1 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, an organism that lacks PCS homologs and does not otherwise synthesize appreciable amounts of PCs, confers increased heavy metal tolerance and elicits Cd2+-dependent intracellular PC accumulation (13”
From Mechanism of Heavy Metal Ion Activation of Phytochelatin (PC) Synthase (2000) · cites this paper as [13]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Vatamaniuk, O. K., Mari, S., Lu, Y.-P., & Rea, P. A.
- Affiliations
- University of Pennsylvania (US)
- Venue
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
- Publisher
- National Academy of Sciences
- Published
- 1999-06-08
- Volume
- 96
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- 7110-7115
- ISSN
- 0027-8424 (ISSN-L)
- 1091-6490
- PMC
- PMC22073
- OpenAlex
- W2096818569
- Cited by
- 410
- References
- 34
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 22 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 12 · 2012: 19
- FWCI
- 29.02
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- europepmc.org
- Locations
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Plant Stress Responses and Tolerance
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Pollution › Heavy metals in environment
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Heavy Metal Exposure and Toxicity
- Keywords
- phytochelatin synthase, phytochelatins, cadmium tolerance, heavy metal tolerance, glutathione, Arabidopsis thaliana, Saccharomyces cerevisiae expression, metal chelation
- MeSH terms
- Amino Acid Sequence, Molecular Sequence Data, Plant Proteins, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Sequence Alignment, Arabidopsis, Aminoacyltransferases
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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