The DOI matches its Crossref record; 30 of the 30 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Macrophage are the principal reservoir and sustain high virus loads in rhesus macaques after the depletion of CD4 + T cells by a highly pathogenic simian immunodeficiency virus/HIV type 1 chimera (SHIV): Implications for HIV-1 infections of humans
Open accessAbstract
The highly pathogenic simian immunodeficiency virus/HIV type 1 (SHIV) chimeric virus SHIV DH12R induces a systemic depletion of CD4 + T lymphocytes in rhesus monkeys during the initial 3–4 weeks of infection. Nonetheless, high levels of viral RNA production continue unabated for an additional 2–5 months. In situ hybridization and immunohistochemical analyses revealed that tissue macrophage in the lymph nodes, spleen, gastrointestinal tract, liver, and kidney sustain high plasma virus loads in the absence of CD4 + T cells. Quantitative confocal immunofluorescence analysis indicated that greater than 95% of the virus-producing cells in these tissues are macrophage and less than 2% are T lymphocytes. Interestingly, the administration of a potent reverse transcriptase inhibitor blocked virus production during the early T cell phase but not during the later macrophage phase of the SHIV DH12R infection. When interpreted in the context of HIV-1 infections, these results implicate tissue macrophage as an important reservoir of virus in vivo . They become infected during the acute infection, gradually increase in number over time, and can be a major contributor to total body virus burden during the symptomatic phase of the human infection.
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Metadata
- Authors
- Igarashi, T., Brown, C. R., Endo, Y., Buckler-White, A., Plishka, R., Bischofberger, N., Hirsch, V., & Martin, M. A.
- Venue
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
- Published
- 2001-01-02
- Volume
- 98
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 658-663
- ISSN
- 0027-8424 (ISSN-L)
- 1091-6490
- OpenAlex
- W2171136144
- Cited by
- 361
- References
- 30
- FWCI
- 9.61
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
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- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Macrophage are the principal reservoir and sustain high virus loads in rhesus macaques after the depletion of CD4 + T cells by a highly pathogenic simian immunodeficiency virus/HIV type 1 chimera (SHIV): Implications for HIV-1 infections of humans. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1073/pnas.98.2.658
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- Igarashi, T., Brown, C. R., Endo, Y., Buckler-White, A., Plishka, R., Bischofberger, N., Hirsch, V., & Martin, M. A. (2001). Macrophage are the principal reservoir and sustain high virus loads in rhesus macaques after the depletion of CD4 + T cells by a highly pathogenic simian immunodeficiency virus/HIV type 1 chimera (SHIV): Implications for HIV-1 infections of humans. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.98.2.658
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