Translocation of SAPK/JNK to Mitochondria and Interaction with Bcl-xL in Response to DNA Damage
Open accessAbstract
Activation of the stress-activated protein kinase (SAPK/JNK) by genotoxic agents is necessary for induction of apoptosis. We report here that ionizing radiation ionizing radiation exposure induces translocation of SAPK to mitochondria and association of SAPK with the anti-apoptotic Bcl-x(L) protein. SAPK phosphorylates Bcl-x(L) on threonine 47 (Thr-47) and threonine 115 (Thr-115) in vitro and in vivo. In contrast to wild-type Bcl-x(L), a mutant Bcl-x(L) with the two threonines substituted by alanines (Ala-47, Ala-115) is a more potent inhibitor of ionizing radiation-induced apoptosis. These findings indicate that translocation of SAPK to mitochondria is functionally important for interactions with Bcl-x(L) in the apoptotic response to genotoxic stress.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
MCL-1 and BCL-XL can be phosphorylated at multiple residues by numerous kinases, including JNK and ERK, leading to context-specific and divergent effects on protein stability/degradation, BIM binding affinity, and apoptosis.
“MCL-1 and BCL-XL can be phosphorylated at multiple residues by numerous kinases, including JNK and ERK, leading to context-specific and divergent effects on protein stability/degradation, BIM binding affinity, and apoptosis53–58.”
From LKB1 regulates JNK-dependent stress signaling and apoptotic dependency of KRAS-mutant lung cancers (2025) · cites this paper as [57]
JNK modulates apoptotic signaling by phosphorylating multiple pro- and anti-apoptotic BCL-2 family members, including BIM, BAX, BCL-XL and MCL-1.
“JNK has been reported to modulate apoptotic signaling by phosphorylating multiple pro- and anti-apoptotic BCL-2 family members, including BIM73–76, BAX77–79, BCL-XL56,57 and MCL-153,55,80,81.”
From LKB1 regulates JNK-dependent stress signaling and apoptotic dependency of KRAS-mutant lung cancers (2025) · cites this paper as [57]
Activated p-JNK is known to translocate to mitochondria to initiate MPT change and damage following exposure to hepatotoxic agents including APAP.
“In addition, activated p-JNK is known to translocate to mitochondria to initiate MPT change and damage following exposure to hepatotoxic agents including APAP [115], [116], [130], [131].”
Cites
Bcl-2 heterodimerizes in vivo with a conserved homolog, Bax, that accelerates programed cell death
Oltval, Z. N., Milliman, C. L., & Korsmeyer, S. J. (1993) · Cell · doi:10.1016/0092-8674(93)90509-o · Cited by 6,003 · see citing works
Opposing Effects of ERK and JNK-p38 MAP Kinases on Apoptosis
Xia, Z., Dickens, M., Raingeaud, J., Davis, R. J., & Greenberg, M. E. (1995) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.270.5240.1326 · Cited by 5,290 · see citing works
Induction of Apoptotic Program in Cell-Free Extracts: Requirement for dATP and Cytochrome c
Liu, X., Kim, C. N., Yang, J., Jemmerson, R., & Wang, X. (1996) · Cell · doi:10.1016/s0092-8674(00)80085-9 · Cited by 5,167 · see citing works
Prevention of Apoptosis by Bcl-2: Release of Cytochrome c from Mitochondria Blocked
Yang, J., Liu, X., Bhalla, K. N., Kim, C. N., Ibrado, A. M., Cai, J., Peng, T.-I., Jones, D. P., & Wang, X. (1997) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.275.5303.1129 · Cited by 4,913 · see citing works
The Release of Cytochrome c from Mitochondria: A Primary Site for Bcl-2 Regulation of Apoptosis
Kluck, R. M., Bossy‐Wetzel, E., Green, D. R., & Newmeyer, D. D. (1997) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.275.5303.1132 · Cited by 4,715 · see citing works
Radiobiology for the Radiologist.
(1974) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-80-3-438_1 · Cited by 3,498 · see citing works
A protein kinase involved in the regulation of inflammatory cytokine biosynthesis
Lee, J. C., Laydon, J. T., McDonnell, P., Gallagher, T. F., Kumar, S., Green, D., McNulty, D. E., Blumenthal, M. J., Keys, J., vatter, S. W. L., et al. (1994) · Nature · doi:10.1038/372739a0 · Cited by 3,266 · see citing works
Dérijard, B., Hibi, M., Wu, I.-H., Barrett, T., Su, B., Deng, T., Karin, M., & Davis, R. J. (1994) · Cell · doi:10.1016/0092-8674(94)90380-8 · Cited by 3,188 · see citing works
Zou, H., Henzel, W. J., Liu, X., Lutschg, A., & Wang, X. (1997) · Cell · doi:10.1016/s0092-8674(00)80501-2 · Cited by 3,145 · see citing works
bcl-x, a bcl-2-related gene that functions as a dominant regulator of apoptotic cell death
Boise, L., González‐García, M., Postema, C. E., Ding, L., Lindsten, T., Turka, L. A., Mao, X., Núñez, G., & Thompson, C. B. (1993) · Cell · doi:10.1016/0092-8674(93)90508-n · Cited by 3,089 · see citing works
p53 is required for radiation-induced apoptosis in mouse thymocytes
Lowe, S. W., Schmitt, E. M., Smith, S. W., Osborne, B. A., & Jacks, T. (1993) · Nature · doi:10.1038/362847a0 · Cited by 2,864 · see citing works
A MAP Kinase Targeted by Endotoxin and Hyperosmolarity in Mammalian Cells
Han, J., Lee, J. D., Bibbs, L., & Ulevitch, R. J. (1994) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.7914033 · Cited by 2,647 · see citing works
The stress-activated protein kinase subfamily of c-Jun kinases
Kyriakis, J. M., Banerjee, P. T., Nikolakaki, E., Dai, T., Rubie, E. A., Ahmad, M. F., Avruch, J., & Woodgett, J. R. (1994) · Nature · doi:10.1038/369156a0 · Cited by 2,601 · see citing works
Thymocyte apoptosis induced by p53-dependent and independent pathways
Clarke, A. R., Purdie, C. A., Harrison, D. J., Morris, R. G., Bird, C. C., Hooper, M. L., & Wyllie, A. H. (1993) · Nature · doi:10.1038/362849a0 · Cited by 2,271 · see citing works
Bad, a heterodimeric partner for Bcl-xL and Bcl-2, displaces bax and promotes cell death
Yang, E., Zha, J., Jockel, J., Boise, L., Thompson, C. B., & Korsmeyer, S. J. (1995) · Cell · doi:10.1016/0092-8674(95)90411-5 · Cited by 2,101 · see citing works
Kaufmann, S. H., Desnoyers, S., Ottaviano, Y. L., Davidson, N. E., & Poirier, G. G. (1993) · PubMed · Cited by 1,889 · see citing works
Requirement for ceramide-initiated SAPK/JNK signalling in stress-induced apoptosis
Verheij, M., Bose, R., Lin, X. H., Yao, B., Jarvis, W. D., Grant, S., Birrer, M. J., Szabo, E. M., Zon, L. I., Kyriakis, J. M., et al. (1996) · Nature · doi:10.1038/380075a0 · Cited by 1,767 · see citing works
Zamzami, N., Marchetti, P., Castedo, M., Decaudin, D., Macho, A., Hirsch, T., Susin, S. A., Petit, P. X., Mignotte, B., & Kroemer, G. (1995) · The Journal of experimental medicine · doi:10.1084/jem.182.2.367 · Cited by 1,567 · see citing works
Use of an Aqueous Soluble Tetrazolium/Formazan Assay for Cell Growth Assays in Culture
Cory, A. H., Owen, T. C., Barltrop, J. A., & Cory, J. G. (1991) · Cancer Communications · doi:10.3727/095535491820873191 · Cited by 1,520 · see citing works
X-ray and NMR structure of human Bcl-xL, an inhibitor of programmed cell death
Muchmore, S. W., Sattler, M., Liang, H., Meadows, R. P., Harlan, J. E., Yoon, H. S., Nettesheim, D. G., Chang, B. S., Thompson, C. B., Wong, S., et al. (1996) · Nature · doi:10.1038/381335a0 · Cited by 1,467 · see citing works
Boyle, W. J., van der Geer, P., & Hunter, T. R. (1991) · Methods in enzymology on CD-ROM/Methods in enzymology · doi:10.1016/0076-6879(91)01013-r · Cited by 1,452 · see citing works
Transcription Factor ATF2 Regulation by the JNK Signal Transduction Pathway
Gupta, S., Campbell, D., Dérijard, B., & Davis, R. J. (1995) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.7824938 · Cited by 1,440 · see citing works
Protease activation during apoptosis: Death by a thousand cuts?
Martin, S. J., & Green, D. R. (1995) · Cell · doi:10.1016/0092-8674(95)90422-0 · Cited by 1,334 · see citing works
bcl-2 inhibits multiple forms of apoptosis but not negative selection in thymocytes
Sentman, C. L., Shutter, J. R., Hockenbery, D. M., Kanagawa, O., & Korsmeyer, S. J. (1991) · Cell · doi:10.1016/0092-8674(91)90361-2 · Cited by 1,194 · see citing works
Zamzami, N., Marchetti, P., Castedo, M., Zanin, C., Vayssière, J. L., Petit, P. X., & Kroemer, G. (1995) · The Journal of experimental medicine · doi:10.1084/jem.181.5.1661 · Cited by 1,166 · see citing works
Differential Activation of ERK and JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases by Raf-1 and MEKK
Minden, A., Lin, A., McMahon, M., Lange, C. A., Dérijard, B., Davis, R. J., Johnson, G. L., & Karin, M. (1994) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.7992057 · Cited by 1,069 · see citing works
A Divergence in the MAP Kinase Regulatory Network Defined by MEK Kinase and Raf
Lange, C. A., Pleiman, C., Gardner, A. M., Blumer, K., & Johnson, G. L. (1993) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.8385802 · Cited by 1,059 · see citing works
bcl-2 transgene inhibits T cell death and perturbs thymic self-censorship
Strasser, A., Harris, A. W., & Cory, S. (1991) · Cell · doi:10.1016/0092-8674(91)90362-3 · Cited by 1,054 · see citing works
MAPKs: new JNK expands the group
Davis, R. J. (1994) · Trends in Biochemical Sciences · doi:10.1016/0968-0004(94)90132-5 · Cited by 944 · see citing works
The Role of c-Jun N-terminal Kinase (JNK) in Apoptosis Induced by Ultraviolet C and γ Radiation
Chen, Y.-R., Wang, X., Templeton, D., Davis, R. J., & Tan, T.-H. (1996) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.271.50.31929 · Cited by 867 · see citing works
Self-citationBcl-xL forms an ion channel in synthetic lipid membranes
Minn, A. J., Vélez, P., Schendel, S. L., Liang, H., Muchmore, S. W., Fesik, S. W., Fill, M., & Thompson, C. B. (1997) · Nature · doi:10.1038/385353a0 · Cited by 814 · see citing works
Activation of stress-activated protein kinase by MEKK1 phosphorylation of its activator SEK1
Yan, M., Dai, T., Deak, J. C., Kyriakis, J. M., Zon, L. I., Woodgett, J. R., & Templeton, D. J. (1994) · Nature · doi:10.1038/372798a0 · Cited by 705 · see citing works
Proteolytic activation of protein kinase C delta by an ICE‐like protease in apoptotic cells.
Emoto, Y., Manome, Y., Meinhardt, G., Kisaki, H., Kharbanda, S. M., Robertson, M. J., Ghayur, T., Wong, W. W., Kamen, R., & Weichselbaum, R. R. (1995) · The EMBO Journal · doi:10.1002/j.1460-2075.1995.tb00305.x · Cited by 671 · see citing works
Self-citationMolecular Ordering of the Cell Death Pathway
Chinnaiyan, A. M., Orth, K., O’Rourke, K. M., et al. (1996) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.271.9.4573 · Cited by 585 · see citing works
Activation of the c-Abl tyrosine kinase in the stress response to DMA-damaging agents
Kharbanda, S. M., Ren, R., Pandey, P., Shafman, T. D., Feller, S. M., Weichselbaum, R. R., & Kufe, D. W. (1995) · Nature · doi:10.1038/376785a0 · Cited by 484 · see citing works
Self-citationPersistent Activation of c-Jun N-terminal Kinase 1 (JNK1) in γ Radiation-induced Apoptosis
Chen, Y., Meyer, C. F., & Tan, T. (1996) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.271.2.631 · Cited by 460 · see citing works
Self-citationSignal Transduction by Tumor Necrosis Factor Mediated by JNK Protein Kinases
Sluss, H. K., Barrett, T., Dérijard, B., & Davis, R. J. (1994) · Molecular and Cellular Biology · doi:10.1128/mcb.14.12.8376 · Cited by 457 · see citing works
Zanke, B. W., Boudreau, K., Rubie, E. A., Winnett, E., Tibbles, L. A., Zon, L. I., Kyriakis, J. M., Liu, F., & Woodgett, J. R. (1996) · Current Biology · doi:10.1016/s0960-9822(02)00547-x · Cited by 444 · see citing works
González‐García, M., Ballestero, R. P., Ding, L., Duan, L., Boise, L., Thompson, C. B., & Núñez, G. (1994) · Development · doi:10.1242/dev.120.10.3033 · Cited by 430 · see citing works
Kharbanda, S. M., Pandey, P., Schofield, L., Israels, S. J., Roncinske, R., Yoshida, K., Bharti, A. K., Yuan, Z.-M., Saxena, S. P., Weichselbaum, R. R., et al. (1997) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.94.13.6939 · Cited by 392 · see citing works
Self-citationJohnson, N. L., Gardner, A. M., Diener, K., Lange, C. A., Gleavy, J., Jarpe, M. B., Minden, A., Karin, M., Zon, L. I., & Johnson, G. L. (1996) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.271.6.3229 · Cited by 340 · see citing works
Radiobiology for the Radiologist
Markoe, A. M. (1988) · American Journal of Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1097/00000421-198808000-00024 · Cited by 231 · see citing works
Scheidtmann, K., Echle, B., & Walter, G. (1982) · Journal of Virology · doi:10.1128/jvi.44.1.116-133.1982 · Cited by 192 · see citing works
Regulation of DNA damage-induced apoptosis by the c-Abl tyrosine kinase
Yuan, Z.-M., Huang, Y., Ishiko, T., Kharbanda, S. M., Weichselbaum, R. R., & Kufe, D. W. (1997) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.94.4.1437 · Cited by 188 · see citing works
Self-citationA Novel Mechanism of JNK1 Activation
Mizukami, Y., Yoshioka, K., Morimoto, S., & Yoshida, K.-I. (1997) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.272.26.16657 · Cited by 168 · see citing works
Self-citationActivation of p38 Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase by c-Abl-dependent and -independent Mechanisms
Pandey, P., Raingeaud, J., Kaneki, M., Weichselbaum, R. R., Davis, R. J., Kufe, D. W., & Kharbanda, S. M. (1996) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.271.39.23775 · Cited by 128 · see citing works
Self-citationKharbanda, S. M., Pandey, P., Ren, R., Mayer, B. J., Zon, L. I., & Kufe, D. W. (1995) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.270.51.30278 · Cited by 124 · see citing works
Self-citationActivation of a CrmA-insensitive, p35-sensitive Pathway in Ionizing Radiation-induced Apoptosis
Datta, R., Kojima, H., Banach, D. L., Bump, N. J., Talanian, R. V., Alnemri, E. S., Weichselbaum, R. R., Wong, W. W., & Kufe, D. W. (1997) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.272.3.1965 · Cited by 123 · see citing works
Self-citationDatta, R., Manome, Y., Taneja, N., Boise, L., Weichselbaum, R. R., Thompson, C. B., Slapak, C. A., & Kufe, D. W. (1995) · PubMed · Cited by 121 · see citing works
Self-citationActivation of Src-like p56/p53lyn tyrosine kinase by ionizing radiation.
Kharbanda, S., Yuan, Z., Rubin, E. H., Weichselbaum, R. R., & Kufe, D. W. (1994) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(17)32054-9 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
Self-citationThe stress activated protein kinase pathway.
Woodgett, J. R., Avruch, J., & Kyriakis, J. M. (1996) · PubMed · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Kharbanda, S. M., Saleem, A., Shafman, T. D., Emoto, Y., Taneja, N., Rubin, E. H., Weichselbaum, R. R., Woodgett, J. R., Avruch, J., Kyriakis, J. M., et al. (1995) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.270.32.18871 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Self-citationSaleem, A., Datta, R., Yuan, Z.-M., Kharbanda, S. M., & Kufe, D. W. (1995) · PubMed · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Self-citationKawasaki, H., Moriguchi, T., Matsuda, S., Li, H. Z., Nakamura, S., Shtmohama, S., Kimura, J., Gotoh, Y., & Nishida, E. (1996) · European Journal of Biochemistry · doi:10.1111/j.1432-1033.1996.00315.x · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Yu, K., Ravera, C., Chen, Y.-N. P., & McMahon, G. (1997) · PubMed · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Self-citationSaleem, A., Yuan, Z. M., Taneja, N., et al. (1995) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.154.8.4150 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Self-citation
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Mitochondrial membrane permeabilization in cell death
Kroemer, G., Galluzzi, L., & Brenner, C. (2007) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.00013.2006 · Cited by 3,598 · see citing works
Reactive oxygen species, cellular redox systems, and apoptosis
Circu, M. L., & Aw, T. Y. (2010) · Free Radical Biology and Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2009.12.022 · Cited by 3,340 · see citing works
Mitochondrial control of cell death
Kroemer, G., & Reed, J. C. (2000) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/74994 · Cited by 3,103 · see citing works
Alcohol and mitochondria: a dysfunctional relationship
Hoek, J. B., Cahill, A., & Pastorino, J. G. (2002) · Gastroenterology · doi:10.1053/gast.2002.33613 · Cited by 553 · see citing works
Hanawa, N., Shinohara, M., Saberi, B., Gaarde, W. A., Han, D., & Kaplowitz, N. (2008) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m708916200 · Cited by 527 · see citing works
C-Jun N-terminal kinase plays a major role in murine acetaminophen hepatotoxicity
Gunawan, B. K., Liu, Z., Han, D., Hanawa, N., Gaarde, W. A., & Kaplowitz, N. (2006) · Gastroenterology · doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2006.03.045 · Cited by 471 · see citing works
Li, P.-X., Wong, J., Ayed, A., Ngo, D., Brade, A. M., Arrowsmith, C., Austin, R. C., & Klamut, H. J. (2000) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m909580199 · Cited by 254 · see citing works
Singlet Oxygen, Photodynamic Therapy, and Mechanisms of Cancer Cell Death
Maharjan, P. S., & Bhattarai, H. K. (2022) · Journal of Oncology · doi:10.1155/2022/7211485 · Cited by 222 · see citing works
Win, S., Than, T. A., Han, D., Petrovic, L. M., & Kaplowitz, N. (2011) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m111.276089 · Cited by 197 · see citing works
Chambers, J. W., & LoGrasso, P. V. (2011) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m111.223602 · Cited by 194 · see citing works
SCHROETER, H., BOYD, C. S., AHMED, R., SPENCER, J. P. E., DUNCAN, R. F., RICE-EVANS, C., & CADENAS, E. (2003) · Biochemical Journal · doi:10.1042/bj20030201 · Cited by 169 · see citing works
Genetic and epigenetic regulation of human aging and longevity
Morris, B. J., Willcox, B. J., & Donlon, T. A. (2019) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Basis of Disease · doi:10.1016/j.bbadis.2018.08.039 · Cited by 140 · see citing works
Song, B.-J., Akbar, M., Abdelmegeed, M. A., Byun, K., Lee, B., Yoon, S. K., & Hardwick, J. P. (2014) · Redox Biology · doi:10.1016/j.redox.2014.10.004 · Cited by 123 · see citing works
“In addition, activated p-JNK is known to translocate to mitochondria to initiate MPT change and damage following exposure to hepatotoxic agents including APAP [115,116,130,131].”
BackgroundPost-translational modifications of mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase and biomedical implications
Song, B.-J., Abdelmegeed, M. A., Yoo, S.-H., Kim, B.-J., Jo, S. A., Jo, I., & Moon, K.-H. (2011) · Journal of Proteomics · doi:10.1016/j.jprot.2011.05.013 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Chen, X., Rzhetskaya, M., Kareva, T., Bland, R., During, M. J., Tank, A. W., Kholodilov, N., & Burke, R. E. (2008) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.2132-07.2008 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Mitochondrial targeting of JNK/SAPK in the phorbol ester response of myeloid leukemia cells
Ito, Y., Mishra, N. C., Yoshida, K., Kharbanda, S., Saxena, S., & Kufe, D. (2001) · Cell Death & Differentiation · doi:10.1038/sj.cdd.4400886 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Self-citationRegulation of apoptosis by an intrinsically disordered region of Bcl-xL
Follis, A. V., Llambi, F., Kalkavan, H., Yao, Y., Phillips, A. H., Park, C.-G., Marassi, F. M., Green, D. R., & Kriwacki, R. W. (2018) · Nature Chemical Biology · doi:10.1038/s41589-018-0011-x · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Moon, K.-H., Lee, Y.-M., & Song, B.-J. (2010) · Free Radical Biology and Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2009.11.008 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
LKB1 regulates JNK-dependent stress signaling and apoptotic dependency of KRAS-mutant lung cancers
Li, C., Syed, M. U., Nimbalkar, A., Shen, Y., Vieira, M. D., Fraser, C., Inde, Z., Qin, X., Ouyang, J., Kreuzer, J., et al. (2025) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-025-58753-y · Cited by 11 · see citing works
“JNK has been reported to modulate apoptotic signaling by phosphorylating multiple pro-and anti-apoptotic BCL-2 family members, including BIM 73 – 76 , BAX 77 – 79 , BCL-XL 56,57 and MCL-1 53,55,80,81 .”
- Authors
- Kharbanda, S., Saxena, S., Yoshida, K., Pandey, P., Kaneki, M., Wang, Q., Cheng, K., Chen, Y.-N., Campbell, A., Sudha, T., Yuan, Z.-M., Narula, J., Weichselbaum, R., Nalin, C., & Kufe, D.
- Affiliations
- Harvard University (US)
- University of Manitoba (CA)
- Novartis (United States) (US)
- University of Chicago (US)
- Corresponding author
- Kharbanda, Surender
- Saxena, Satya
- ORCID
- Venue
- Journal of Biological Chemistry
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2000-01
- Volume
- 275
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 322-327
- ISSN
- 0021-9258 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2148061274
- Cited by
- 429
- References
- 56
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 12 · 2014: 16 · 2013: 11 · 2012: 17
- FWCI
- 14.95
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Biological Chemistry (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (1r01ca075216-01)
- National Cancer Institute (CA 55421, CA 75216)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Cell death mechanisms and regulation
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Mitochondrial Function and Pathology
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Protein Kinase Regulation and GTPase Signaling
- Keywords
- SAPK/JNK, c-Jun N-terminal kinase, mitochondrial translocation, Bcl-xL, ionizing radiation, DNA damage, apoptosis, genotoxic stress, protein phosphorylation, anti-apoptotic proteins
- MeSH terms
- Biological Transport, Cell Compartmentation, DNA Damage, Humans, Mitochondria, Phosphorylation, Radiation, Ionizing, Recombinant Proteins, Mutagenesis, Apoptosis, Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2, U937 Cells, Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases, bcl-X Protein
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
